Izilwane eziyi-15 ezithutha impova - Izici nezibonelo

Umlobi: John Stephens
Usuku Lokudalwa: 27 Ujanuwari 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 20 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Izilwane eziyi-15 ezithutha impova - Izici nezibonelo - Izifufuzo Ezifuywayo
Izilwane eziyi-15 ezithutha impova - Izici nezibonelo - Izifufuzo Ezifuywayo

-Delile

Ngokwemvelo, isilwane ngasinye nezitshalo zifeza umsebenzi othile wokugcina ibhalansi yemvelo ezikuyo. Ukwethula izinguquko ezithinta noma ibaphi abantu kusho ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinhlobo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kubeka engcupheni ukusinda kwazo.

Wena izilwane ezithutha impova dlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emvelweni, ngabe uyazi ukuthi kuyini? Ukuze uthole, sikumema ukuba ufunde isihloko esilandelayo, lapho ungathola futhi izici nezibonelo yezilwane eziyinhloko ezithutha impova.

Yini impova?

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo kwenzeka ngokocansi, okungukuthi, kudinga ukuhlangana kwamaseli abesifazane nowesilisa ukuze kwenzeke ukukhulelwa. Lawa maseli atholakala impova (owesilisa), ngakho-ke kudingeka adluliselwe ku-pistil yezimbali (zesifazane), lapho ukukhulelwa kwenzeka khona futhi, ngemuva kwalenqubo, imbali iba isithelo ngezimbewu.


Ngakho-ke, lapho sikhuluma ngokuzala kwezitshalo, kuvame ukuthi kudinga ukungenelela komuntu wesithathu, owaziwa ngokuthi "umenzeli wempova"ukwenza kwenzeke.

Lezi zinto ezikhiqiza impova zingaba izinambuzane, ezinye izilwane ngisho nezinto zemvelo ezifana namanzi nomoya. Endabeni yezinhlobo zezilwane, bathole i- ibhalansi nezimbali futhi zavela ndawonye, ​​ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukukhiqiza izimbali ezinamakha ahlukene, ubujamo nemibala ukuze zihehe izisebenzi zempova ukuthi zidle umpe.

Lapho izilwane zidla umpe, thwala impova ngokungaziphathi ngezidladla, amaphiko noma enye ingxenye yomzimba. Ngokuzimboza ngempova, bayibeka embali elandelayo abazondla ngayo, okuvumela into ukuthi ifinyelele epistini ukuze inqubo yokuzala iqedwe. Manje, uma kukhulunywa ngempova, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zibandakanya ukungenelela kwezilwane kanti ezinye azikwenzi, ngakho-ke kufanele wazi ezahlukahlukene. izinhlobo impova lokho kukhona.


Izinhlobo impova

lokhu kwehlukile izinhlobo impova lokho okukhona:

impova eqondile

Futhi kubizwa ukuzitholela impova, kwenzeka lapho impova evela embali iqhubekela epistini yembali efanayo. Kungaba yi-autogamy noma i-geitogamy.

  • Ukuzimela: kwenzeka lapho i-gamete yowesilisa nowesifazane ivela ezimbalini ezifanayo.
  • IGeitogamy: kwenzeka lapho ama-gametes abesilisa nabesifazane evela ezimbali ezahlukene, kodwa ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo; okusho ukuthi, impova ithuthwa isuswe kwenye imbali iye kwenye yesitshalo esifanayo. Ama-pollinating agents ahlukahlukene ahilelekile (izilwane, amanzi noma umoya).

Impova Cross

Kulolu hlobo lwempova, impova yezinhlobo ezithile iyiswa epistil ye-a imbali yolunye uhlobo. Ama-pollinant agents abalulekile kule nqubo futhi, kuya ngokuthi ngubani onesibopho sokuhambisa impova, ngabe sibhekene nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zempova.


Lezi zinhlokwana yilezi:

  • impova ye-abiotic: kwenzeka ngenxa yokungenelela kwezilwane. Kungaba i-ornithophilic (izinyoni), i-zoophilic (izilwane ezincelisayo) noma i-entomophilic (izinambuzane).
  • impova ye-abiotic: kwenzeka ngenxa yokungenelela kwamanzi (i-hydrophilic) noma umoya (i-anemophilic), ama-ejenti anesibopho sokuhambisa impova ngengozi, kungaba yisitshalo esisodwa noma kwabanye, ngakho-ke kunamacala lapho impova ye-abiotic, nayo, ingaphansi wokuzitholela impova.
  • Impova Yokudlidliza: isetshenziswa izinyosi nama-drones ukukhipha impova ezimbalini eziyizigaxa, ngaphandle kwalokho abakwazi ukuyifinyelela. Le nqubo ilula: lesi sinambuzane sinamathela ezimbalini ngezidladla zaso bese sishaya amaphiko aso; ukunyakaza okudlidlizelayo okuvelayo kusiza ukususa izinhlamvu zempova.

impova yokufakelwa

Yilokho okwenzeka nge- ukungenelela komuntu. Kwenziwa ngezinjongo zokukhiqiza ezolimo noma lapho ufuna ukuthola ezinye izici ezithile kulesi sitshalo okukhulunywa ngaso. Umuntu uyangenelela kuyo yonke inqubo futhi alandele izinyathelo zokuthola umphumela olindelekile. Kuphambene nempova yemvelo, echazwe ezinhlotsheni ezidlule nakuma-subtypes.

Manje njengoba usazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuvundisa impova, sekuyisikhathi sokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izilwane ezibhekele ukungenelela kule nqubo.

impova yezinambuzane

Sizoqala lolu hlu lwezilwane ezithutha impova ngezinambuzane, izilwane ezaziwa kakhulu emsebenzini we impova izimbali. Ngezansi, sisho izinambuzane eziyinhloko futhi ezaziwa kakhulu ezitholela impova, kanye nezici zazo:

1. Izinyosi

Izinyosi, zomndeni wakwa-Apoidea, yizinambuzane ezingatholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke. Ukubaluleka kwezinyosi njengoba impova yezinambuzane kungenye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu ezingeni lezemvelo. Sikhuluma ngesinye sezilwane ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba zidlala indima ebalulekile hhayi kuphela ekugcineni ukulinganisela kwemvelo, kepha futhi nasekukhiqizweni kokudla kwabantu, njengoba zibophezele ukuthola impova ngezinhlobo eziningi ezilinyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhona zinesibopho sokufeza lo msebenzi.

2. Izintuthwane

Izintuthwane zingabomndeni wakwaFormicidae futhi ziyizinambuzane zomphakathi ezingama-euro, okungukuthi, zine- inhlangano yezenhlalo echazwe kahle, lapho ilungu ngalinye lidlala khona indima ezungeze idlozi eliyindlovukazi.

Phakathi kokudla okudliwa izintuthwane kukhona izimbali, ngakho-ke nomthelela impova, yize ngamanani amancane. Ezimweni eziningi, ziphakathi kwezilwane ezithutha impova ezinempova emhlane wazo, okungukuthi, zingathwala impova ethile ngengozi emhlane wakho. Ngokunjalo, bayizilwane ezifaka impova futhi zisakaze imbewu, ngoba zivame ukufaka isandla ekuzihambiseni.

3. Izimpukane zezimbali

Ama-Syrphids, amagama omndeni we izinambuzane ezidakayo okuthiwa futhi yizimpukane zezimbali, zisakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubukeka kwazo kwangaphandle kuzivumela ukuthi zivame ukuphutha njengezinyosi. Lezi zimpukane ngokuvamile zithanda izimbali ezimhlophe noma eziphuzi, futhi kunezinhlobo ezithile zazo bondla umpe kuphela zezimbali ezithile. Ngokudla lolu nyanga, baba nomthelela ekuthuthweni kwempova.

4. Izimvemvane

Izimvemvane zingaphansi kwe-oda Lepidoptera, okubandakanya amabhu nezinye izinambuzane. Kunezinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-165,000, iningi lazo ezitholakala ezilwaneni. impova ebusuku, yize kukhona nezinhlobo zokushona.

Ukuze kukhishwe umpe ezimbalini, izimvemvane zinezixhobo zomlomo eziyibhubhu ende, ebizwa nge-spirothrombus, ezimunca ngayo ukondla. Ngenxa yalokhu, bangakwazi ukuhambisa impova ezimbalini ezahlukahlukene.

5. Inyosi enkulu enyameni noma inyosi enomsila ophuzi okhanyayo

O inyamazane evamile (amabhomu omhlaba) yisinambuzane esibukeka sifana nenyosi ngokwemibala, njengoba umzimba waso uphuzi futhi umnyama, ngaphandle kosayizi waso omkhulu ne-villi. dla ku umpe nempova, abazigcina emakoloni abo, inhlangano yabo efana neyezinyosi. Uma kunesidingo, zisebenzisa impova yokudlidliza.

6. Iminyovu

Ngaphansi kwegama elithi iminyovu, izinhlobo eziningana ze-oda Hymenoptera zifakiwe. Zilinganisa cishe amasentimitha amahlanu futhi zinombala omnyama nephuzi, ngaphezu kwe uluma olunobuthi. Yize ukudliwa kweminyovu ikakhulu kudla, kwesinye isikhathi ingadla umpe nokuhambisa impova ngengozi.

7. Omiyane

Akuzona zonke omiyane abondla igazi, empeleni, abesifazane kuphela abane-hematophagous. Abesilisa, kunalokho, ncela umpe ezimbalini futhi neqhaza impova. EMelika kuphela, banikezwe umsebenzi wokuvotela impova izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-400 zezitshalo.

8. IColeoptera

I-Coleoptera yaziwa kakhulu njenge amabhungane futhi uhlala eMhlabeni kusukela ePermian. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-375,000 ezisatshalaliswa cishe emhlabeni wonke, zinosayizi nemibala ehlukene, yize zikhonjwa ngamaphimbo amakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezilwane. Amabhungane adla isikhunta, ezinye izinambuzane, izimpande, ukhuni, izinto ezibolayo, izimbali nempova, ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zifaka isandla emsebenzini wokuvotela impova.

Izilwane Ezingcolisa Izinambuzane Okungezona Izinambuzane

Manje, bewazi yini ukuthi kunezinye izilwane ngaphandle kwezinambuzane ezibhekele impova yezimbali? Ngakho-ke kunjalo! Ngezansi, sikhombisa ezinye izilwane ezingezona izinambuzane:

9. Izinyoni

Ama-hummingbird angamalungu omndeni waseTrochilidae futhi atholakala ezwenikazi laseMelika, lapho kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300. Zibonakala ngosayizi wazo omncane, uqhwaku olude futhi oluncane, namaphiko akwazi ukuhamba ngejubane elihlaba umxhwele. Kodwa-ke, yini edliwa yi-hummingbird? Zonke izinhlobo ze-hummingbirds bondla umpengakho-ke, indima yayo yokuvotela impova ibaluleke kakhulu. Ikakhulu, bafeza le ndima ngezimbali ezimise okwama-tubular, lapho imilomo yabo ibavumela ukuthi bafinyelele ekudleni.

10. Lemur

Igama lama-lemurs lifaka izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinkawu ezikhona esiqhingini saseMadagascar. Ingabe izilwane impova ebusuku futhi zibonakala ngamehlo azo akhanyayo nomsila wephethini we-ringed. Ukudla kwezinhlobo ze-lemur kuhlukahlukene, kunethonya izithelo, amakhambi, amaqabunga, impova kanye nompe. Labo abondla impova kanye nompe kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile enkambisweni yokuphothula impova, futhi imvamisa kuyizilwane ezithwala impova emhlane wazo, zinamathiselwe engubeni yazo, zisiza ukuyisakaza.

11. Usuku lweMauritius luhlobise igecko

Isibankwa sosuku (Phelsuma ornata) yisifo esihuquzelayo esihlasela iMauritius, esise- eningizimu ye-india. Izinhlobo zilinganisa amasentimitha ayi-12 kuphela futhi zinombala ongahluka phakathi konsundu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni, enemigqa ensundu ezinhlangothini nephethini eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emhlophe noma ebomvu. Lolu hlobo lwesibankwa ludla izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, kodwa futhi kudla impova nompe, ngakho-ke ukufaka isandla impova.

12. Ama-Slugs

ama-slugs kukhona Ama-molluscs asemhlabeni lokho kungokwe-oda lePulmonata. Kodwa-ke, ama-slugs awanaso isikhundla esibalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngempova, njengoba ejwayele ukondla udoti wezitshalo noma wezilwane, ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezingaphansi, afaka isandla impova ezingaqondile ngokukhasa phezu kwezimbali, uchithe impova bese uyihambisa kwezinye izindawo.

13. Ilulwane elinezimpondo ezinde laseNingizimu

Ilulwane elinezimpondo ezinde (Leptonycteris curasoae) yilulwane olusatshalaliswa emihumeni nasemahlathini ase EColombia, eVenezuela nase-Aruba. feeds on izithelo, umpe nempova zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngokuba impova impova ebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iba neqhaza njengomsabalalisi wembewu.

14. Izinyoni zomndeni wakwaNectariniidae

Ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi ama-suimangas nama-arañeros, umndeni weNectariniidae unezinhlobo eziyi-144 zezinyoni ezibandakanya umpe wezimbali njengokudla okuyisisekelo ekudleni kwabo, yize iningi lazo futhi lidla izinambuzane. Lezi zinhlobo zisatshalaliswa e-Afrika, e-Australia nase-Asia, lapho zikhetha khona izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngenxa yobuningi babantu babo kanye nenani lezinto eziphilayo ezikhona, badlala i- indima ebalulekile yokuvota impova.

15. Igundane lelayisi

Igundane lelayisi (nephelomys devil) luhlobo lwamagundane olusatshalaliswa eCosta Rica nasePanama. Kuyaziwa kancane, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi kuyadla isikhunta esincane ezimila phansi kwezihlahla. Yize umsebenzi wabo wokuvota impova ungaphansi, ukufuna ukudla kwabo kuyindlela yokunikela kwi ukusabalala ngengozi kwezinhlamvu impova, kungaba ibazungezile noma ngokuyihambisa ngokungazihlonzi ngejazi layo.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izilwane eziyi-15 ezithutha impova - Izici nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.