Izilwane ezihlala emigedeni nasemigodini

Umlobi: Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa: 2 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 17 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Giant Snake Found in the United States - Wildlife of the United States
Ividiyo: Giant Snake Found in the United States - Wildlife of the United States

-Delile

Ukwehlukahluka kwezilwane zeplanethi kunqobe cishe yonke imvelo ekhona ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, okuholela ezindaweni ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingekho ekhaya uhlobo oluthile lwezilwane. Kule ndatshana ye-Peritoanimal sifuna ukukunikeza indatshana emayelana nezilwane ezihlala emihumeni, ezaziwa ngokuthi yizilwane zemihume, kanye nalezo ezihlala emigodini, ezenze izici eziningana ezenza impilo ibe lula kulezi zindawo.

Kukhona amaqembu amathathu ezilwane ane ukuzivumelanisa nendawo yokuhlala emhumeni futhi ukwahlukaniswa okunjalo kwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwabo kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kunezilwane ze-troglobite, izilwane ze-troglophile nezilwane ze-trogloxenous. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma nangelinye iqembu elibizwa ngokuthi yizilwane zasendulo.


Ngabe ufuna ukwazi izibonelo ezihlukile ze izilwane ezihlala emigedeni nasemigodini? Ngakho qhubeka ufunda!

Amaqembu ezilwane ezihlala emigedeni nasemigodini

Njengoba sesishilo, kunamaqembu amathathu ezilwane ahlala emigedeni. Lapha sizochaza kabanzi:

  • izilwane ze-troglobite: yilezo zinhlobo lapho inqubo yazo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo zivumelane nokuhlala kuphela emihumeni noma emihumeni. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-annelids, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane, ama-arachnids kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezifana ne-lambaris.
  • izilwane ezi-trogloxenous: yizilwane ezihehwa emihumeni futhi ezingathuthukisa izici ezahlukahlukene njengokuzala nokuzondla ngaphakathi kuzo, kepha futhi zingaba ngaphandle kwazo, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka, amagundane namalulwane.
  • izilwane ze-troglophile: yizilwane ezingaphila ngaphandle komhume noma ngaphakathi, kepha azinazo izitho ezikhethekile zemihume, njenge-troglobites. Kuleli qembu kunezinhlobo ezithile zama-arachnids, ama-crustaceans nezinambuzane ezifana namabhungane, amaphela, izicabucabu nezintwala zenyoka.

Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlala emigodini, siqokomisa i- izilwane ezimbiwa phansi. Bangabantu abagobayo futhi bahlala ngaphansi komhlaba, kepha futhi bangahamba ngaphezulu, njengegundane elinqunu, ibheji, ama-salamanders, amanye amagundane ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zezinyosi neminyovu.


Okulandelayo, uzohlangana nezinhlobo eziningana eziyingxenye yala maqembu.

UProteus

AmaProteus (Proteus anguinusKuyi-amphibian ye-troglobite ephefumula ngemigodi futhi inesici sokungakhuli kwe-metamorphosis, ukuze igcine cishe zonke izici zesibungu ngisho nasebudaleni. Ngakho-ke, ezinyangeni ezine zokuphila, umuntu ulingana nabazali babo. le amphibian ukuphela kwelungu lohlobo lweProteus futhi inokubukeka okufana nezinye izinhlobo ze-axolotl.

Kuyisilwane esinomzimba ohlangene, kufika ku-40 cm, ngokubukeka okufana nenyoka. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ezingaphansi komhlaba ISlovenia, i-Italy, iCroatia neBosnia.

I-Guacharo

I-guácharo (USteatornis caripensismunye inyoni ye-troglophile ongowokuzalwa eNingizimu Melika, otholakala ikakhulu eVenezuela, eColombia, eBrazil, ePeru, eBolivia nase-Ecuador, yize kubonakala sengathi ikhona kwezinye izifunda zaleli zwekazi. Kukhonjwe yisazi semvelo u-Alexander von Humboldt kolunye lwezinkambo zakhe zokuya eVenezuela.


IGuácharo yaziwa nangokuthi inyoni yomhume ngoba ichitha usuku lonke kulolu hlobo lwendawo yokuhlala futhi iphuma ebusuku kuphela ukuzodla izithelo. Ngokuba omunye we izilwane zomgede, lapho kungekho khona ukukhanya, utholakala nge-echolocation futhi kuya ngemizwa yakhe ethuthukile yokuhogela. Ngokuvamile, imigede ehlala kuyo iyindawo yokuheha izivakashi ukuzwa nokubona le nyoni eyingqayizivele iphuma kanye lapho kuwa ebusuku.

i-teddy bat

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane zamalulwane ziyizibonelo ezijwayelekile zama-troglophiles, ne-teddy bat (IMiniopterus schreibersii) ungomunye wabo. Lesi silwane esincelisayo sinobukhulu obumaphakathi, obulinganiselwa ku-5-6 cm, sinengubo eminyene, umbala ompunga ngemuva futhi lighter endaweni ye-ventral.

Lesi silwane sisatshalaliswa sisuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga Yurophu, enyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika sidabule iMiddle East siye eCaucasus. Ilenga ezindaweni eziphakeme zemihume ezisezifundeni ezihlala kuzo futhi ngokuvamile ukuphakela ezindaweni eziseduze nomhume.

Uma uthanda lezi zilwane, thola izinhlobo ezihlukene zamalulwane nezici zawo kule ndatshana.

Isicabucabu se-Synopoda scurion

Lokhu yi isicabucabu i-troglobite ikhonjwe eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule eLaos, ohlelweni lomhume cishe lwe-100 km. Ngeyomndeni wakwaSparassidae, iqembu lama-arachnids elaziwa ngokuthi izicabucabu ezinkulu ze-crab.

Okucacile kwalesi sigcawu sokuzingela kungubumpumputhe baso, okungenzeka kubangelwe yindawo engenalutho esitholakala kuyo. Mayelana nalokhu, ayinayo i-lens yamehlo noma i-pigment. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, singesinye sezilwane ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu ezihlala emihumeni.

Imvukuzane yaseYurophu

Izimvukuzane yiqembu eliguqulelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlala emigodini ezimba yona emhlabathini. Imvukuzane yaseYurophu (I-talpa yaseYurophu) yisibonelo salokhu, ukuba ngu- isilwane esincelisayo ngosayizi omncane, ofinyelela ku-15 cm ubude.

Ibanga lokusabalalisa kwayo libanzi, litholakala eYurophu nase-Asia. Yize ingahlala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, imvamisa itholakala ku- amahlathi aqothulayo (ngezihlahla ezinqabayo). Wakha uchungechunge lwemigudu ahamba ngayo futhi, ngezansi, yi-lair.

inqunu yemvukuzane enqunu

Ngaphandle kwegama laso elidumile, lesi silwane asihlanganyeli nokuhlukaniswa kwentela nezimvukuzane. Igundane le-naked mole (i-heterocephalus glaber) igundane lokuphila komhlaba ebonakala ngokungabikho kwezinwele, okuyinika ukubukeka okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kuyisibonelo esicacile sezilwane ezihlala emihumeni engaphansi komhlaba. Esinye isici esivelele ukuhlala kwayo isikhathi eside ngaphakathi kweqembu lamagundane, njengoba ingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-30.

Lesi silwane se-fossorial sine- isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi senhlalo, efana naleyo yezinambuzane ezithile. Ngalo mqondo, kunendlovukazi nabasebenzi abaningi, kanti laba bakamuva baphethe ukumba imigudu abahamba ngayo, befuna ukudla futhi bavikele nabahlaseli. Ivela eMpumalanga Afrika.

I-Rodent Zygogeomys trichopus

Lezi zilwane zikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa namanye amagundane, iqembu okungelazo. Ngalo mqondo, bona linganisa cishe ngama-35 cm. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yempilo yakhe ecishe ibe ngaphansi komhlaba, amehlo akhe mancane impela.

Ingabe izinhlobo eziphilayo eMexico, ikakhulukazi iMichoacán. Ihlala enhlabathini ejulile, imbe imisele engafinyelela kumamitha amabili ukujula, ngakho-ke iyinhlobo yefosorial zada, ngakho-ke, esinye sezilwane ezimele kakhulu ezihlala emigodini. Ihlala emahlathini asezintabeni afana nophayini, i-spruce ne-alder.

i-American beaver

I-American Beaver (I-beaver yaseCanada) ithathwa njengegundane elikhulu kunawo wonke eNyakatho Melika, elinganiselwa ku-80 cm.Inemikhuba yasemanzini, ngakho-ke ichitha isikhathi eside emanzini, ukwazi ukucwilisa kuze kube yimizuzu eyi-15.

Kuyisilwane esingenza ushintsho olubalulekile endaweni lapho sikhona ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamadamu esici seqembu. Igxile ku yakha izindlu zakho zokulala, lapho isebenzisa khona izingodo, ubulembu nodaka, ezitholakala eduze nemifula nemifudlana lapho itholakala khona. Ivela eCanada, e-United States naseMexico.

Ufudu lwase-Afrika olukhuthazayo

Esinye sezilwane ezihlala emigodini enelukuluku kakhulu nesitelekayo ufudu lwase-Afrika olukhuthazayo (Centrochelys sulcata), okungenye futhi Izinhlobo zezinsalela. Y ufudu lwasemhlabeni lomndeni waseTestudinidae. Kuthathwa njengesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, owesilisa enesisindo esifinyelela ku-100 kg kanye nomzimba olinganisa u-85 cm ubude.

Isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ze-Afrika futhi itholakala eduze nemifula nemifudlana, kepha nasezindaweni ezinamadundane. Imvamisa iba ngaphezulu ekuseni nasesikhathini semvula, kepha kuze kuphele usuku lonke ivame ukulala emigodini ejulile eyamba. kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-15. Le migodi kwesinye isikhathi ingasetshenziswa ngabantu abangaphezu koyedwa.

I-Eupolybotrus cavernicolus

Lesi ngesinye sezilwane ezihlala emihumeni. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ze i-endogic troglobite centipede kusuka emihumeni emibili eCroatia eyahlonzwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule. EYurophu ibizwa ngokuthi i-cyber-centipede ngoba iyinhlobo yokuqala ye-eukaryotic eyachazwa ngokuphelele ku-DNA naku-RNA, kanye nokubhaliswa morphologically kanye ne-anatomically kusetshenziswa imishini esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Inobukhulu obulinganiselwa ku-3 cm, inombala ohluka ukusuka kophaphathekile ophuzi kuya konsundu onsundu. Omunye wemihume ahlala kuwo ungaphezu kwamamitha angama-2800 ubude futhi kukhona amanzi akhona. Abantu bokuqala abaqoqiwe babetholakala phansi ngaphansi kwamatshe, ezindaweni ezingenakukhanya, kepha cishe amamitha angama-50 ukusuka ekungeneni, ngakho-ke, ngesinye sezilwane ezihlala emihumeni engaphansi komhlaba.

Ezinye izilwane ezihlala emigedeni noma emigodini

Izinhlobo ezikhulunywe ngenhla akuzona zodwa. izilwane zomgede noma bakwazi ukumba imisele bese bephila impilo engaphansi komhlaba. Kunabanye abaningi ababelana ngale mikhuba. Nazi ezinye zazo:

  • INeobisium birsteini: i-troglobite pseudoscorpion.
  • I-Troglohyphantes sp.: luhlobo lwesicabucabu se-troglophile.
  • I-Schaefferia ejulile: uhlobo lwe-troglobite arthropod.
  • I-Plutomurus ortobalaganensis: uhlobo lwe-troglobite arthropod.
  • AmaCavical catops: lena yi-troglophile coleopter.
  • I-Oryctolagus cuniculus: ngunogwaja ovamile, esinye sezilwane ezigqobayo ezaziwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, iyinhlobo yefossorial.
  • I-Baibacina marmot: yi-marmot empunga, nayo ehlala emigodini futhi iyinhlobo yefossorial.
  • I-Dipodomys agilis: yigundane le-kangaroo, futhi nesilwane se-fossorial.
  • uju lwezinyosi: yi-badger ejwayelekile, uhlobo lwe-fossorial oluhlala emigodini.
  • Eisenia foetida: kubomvu-obomvu, esinye isilwane sefossorial.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izilwane ezihlala emigedeni nasemigodini, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.