-Delile
- i-anatomy yezinambuzane
- ikhanda lesinambuzane
- isifuba sezinambuzane
- Isisu sezinambuzane
- Ukudla kwezinambuzane
- Ukukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane
- Ukuguquguquka kwezinambuzane nokukhula
- Ezinye izici zezinambuzane
Izinambuzane yizilwane ezingenamgogodla eziphakathi kwe-arthropod phylum, okungukuthi, ube ne-exoskeleton yangaphandle kubanikeza ukuvikeleka okukhulu ngaphandle kokudela ukuhamba kwabo, futhi futhi banezihlanganisi ezihlanganisiwe. Bayiqembu lezilwane ezahlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni, nge izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesigidi, kuyilapho eminye eminingi itholakala unyaka ngamunye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlukahlukene futhi avumelane kahle kakhulu cishe nayo yonke imvelo emhlabeni. Izinambuzane ziyehluka kwezinye i-arthropods ngoba zinamaphara amathathu emilenze namapheya amabili amaphiko, yize lesi sici sokugcina singahluka. Usayizi wazo ungasuka ku-1 mm uye ku-20 cm, kanti izinambuzane ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal futhi uzofunda konke ngomhlaba omuhle nange izici zezinambuzane, kusukela emininingwaneni yokwakheka komzimba kuya kulokho abazondla ngakho.
i-anatomy yezinambuzane
Imizimba yezinambuzane imbozwe i-exoskeleton eyakhiwe nge ukulandelana kwezendlalelo nezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-chitin, i-sclerotin, i-wax ne-melanin. Lokhu kunikeza ukuvikelwa ngomshini ekumisweni nasekulahlekelweni kwamanzi. Ngokwesimo somzimba, kunokwehluka okukhulu phakathi kwezinambuzane, ezingaba zimbi futhi zikhuluphale njengamabhungane, zinde futhi zibe mncane njengama-phasmid nezinambuzane ezinamathelayo, noma zibe isicaba njengamaphela. izimpondo zingahluka futhi ngesimo futhi zibe nezimpaphe njengakwamanye amabhu, isikhathi eside njengezintethe noma ezisonge njengamabhabhathane. Umzimba wakho uhlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu:
ikhanda lesinambuzane
Ngabe ukuma kwe-capsule futhi kulapho kufakwa khona amehlo, imilebe yomlomo enezingcezu ezimbalwa kanye nezindlebe ezimbili. Amehlo angakhiwa, akhiwe yizinkulungwane zamayunithi we-receptor, noma elula, ebizwa nangokuthi i-ocelli, okuyizakhiwo ezincane ze-photoreceptor. Uhlelo lomlomo lwakhiwe izingxenye ezibekiwe (i-labrum, imihlathi, imihlathi kanye ne-lip) ezibavumela ukuthi benze imisebenzi ehlukile, kuya ngokuthi uhlobo lwesinambuzane nohlobo lokudla, okungaba:
- uhlobo lokuhlafuna: njengoba kunjalo nge-orthoptera, coleoptera kanye ne-lepidopterans.
- uhlobo lwe-cutter-sucker: ekhona eDiptera.
- uhlobo lwe-sucker: naseDiptera, njengempukane yezithelo.
- uhlobo lokuhlafuna okokuhlafuna: ezinyosini neminyovu.
- uhlobo lwe-chipper-sucker: okujwayelekile kwe-hemiptera njengamazeze nezintwala.
- Uhlobo lwe-Siphon noma lwe-tube: futhi ikhona kuma-lepidopterans.
isifuba sezinambuzane
Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, ngasinye sinemilenze emibili:
- I-Prothorax.
- I-Mesothorax.
- I-Metathorax.
Ezinambuzane eziningi, i-meso ne-metathorax ithwala amaphiko. Zingezokunwetshwa okukhethekile kwe-epidermis, futhi zinikezwe imithambo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izidladla zenzelwe imisebenzi ehlukene, kuye ngendlela yokuphila, ngoba izinambuzane ezisemhlabeni zingaba yizinciphisi, abagibeli, abemba, ababhukudi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ziyashintshwa ukuze zithathe inyamazane noma ziqoqe impova.
Isisu sezinambuzane
Iqukethe i- 9 kuya ku-11 izingxenye, kepha okwakamuva kuncishiswe kakhulu ezakhiweni ezibizwa ngokuvalelwa. Ezingxenyeni zobulili kubekwe izitho zocansi, okungabesilisa okuyizitho zokukopisha zokudlulisa isidoda, kanti kwabesifazane zihlobene nokuvuthwa.
Ukudla kwezinambuzane
Ukudla kwezinambuzane ngu ezahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesinambuzane, zingadla kulokhu okulandelayo:
- Ijusi elivela ezitshalweni.
- Izicubu zemifino.
- AmaSpredishithi.
- Izithelo.
- Izimbali.
- Izinkuni.
- Isikhunta se-fungal.
- Ezinye izinambuzane noma izilwane.
- Igazi.
- Iziphuzo zezilwane.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngezinambuzane, sincoma ukuthi ufunde le ndatshana kaPeritoIzilwane mayelana nezinambuzane eziyishumi ezinobuthi kakhulu eBrazil.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinambuzane
Ezinambuzaneni, ubulili buhlukanisiwe futhi ukudlala kungaphakathi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-asexual futhi zizala nge-parthenogenesis, okungukuthi, ngokukhiqiza amangqamuzana ocansi abesifazane angavundiswanga. Ezinhlotsheni zocansi, isidoda sivame ukufakwa emiphongolweni yowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini.
Kwezinye izimo, isidoda sigcinwa kuma-spermatophores angadluliselwa ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini noma afakwe kwi-substrate ezoqoqwa ngabesifazane. Isidoda bese sigcinwa kumtapo wolwazi wesilisa.
izinhlobo eziningi abashade kanye kuphela empilweni yabo, kepha abanye bangashada izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. izinambuzane ngokuvamile amaqanda amaningi, aze afike ngaphezu kwesigidi ngesikhathi, futhi angafakwa yedwa noma ngamaqembu, futhi enza kanjalo ezindaweni ezithile. Ezinye izinhlobo zizibeka esitshalweni lapho izibungu zizondla khona, izinhlobo zasemanzini zizifaka emanzini futhi, esimweni sezinhlobo zezinambuzane, zibeka amaqanda azo kwizibungu zovemvane noma ezinye izinambuzane, lapho lesi sibungu sizokhula khona kamuva futhi sibe nokudla. Futhi, kwezinye izimo, zingabhoboza izinkuni zibekele amaqanda azo ngaphakathi. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-viviparous futhi zizalwa zizodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuguquguquka kwezinambuzane nokukhula
Izigaba zokuqala zokukhula zenzeka ngaphakathi kweqanda, futhi bangakushiya ngezindlela eziningana. Ngesikhathi se-metamorphosis, lesi sinambuzane siyaguquka futhi sishintshe ukwakheka kwaso, okungukuthi, sishintsha sibe yi-molt noma i-ecdysis. Yize le nqubo ingagcini kuphela ezinambuzaneni, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinqala kuzo, njengoba zihlobene nokukhula kwamaphiko, kukhawulelwe esigabeni sabantu abadala, nasekuvuthweni ngokobulili. Ama-Metamorphoses angahluka ngohlobo lwawo futhi ahlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:
- holaboaboles: i-metamorphosis ephelele. Inazo zonke izigaba: iqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye nabantu abadala.
- I-Hemimetabolus: kungu-metamorphosis ohamba kancane onalezi zindawo ezilandelayo: iqanda, umbungu nomuntu omdala. Izinguquko zenzeka kancane kancane futhi kuphela kuzinguquko zokugcina eziphawuleka kakhulu.
- Ama-Ametaboles: akukho mehluko phakathi kwabantu abasha nabantu abadala, ngaphandle kokuvuthwa ngokocansi nosayizi womzimba.
Ezinye izici zezinambuzane
Ngaphezu kwe izici ezijwayelekile zezinambuzane okukhulunywe ngenhla, lokhu kungezinye izici eziveziwe:
- inhliziyo e-tubular: ube nenhliziyo e-tubular lapho i-hemolymph izungeza khona (efana negazi lezinye izilwane), futhi ukuphambana kwayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-peristaltic.
- ukuphefumula kwetreacheal: ukuphefumula kwabo kwenzeka ngohlelo lwe-tracheal, inethiwekhi ebanzi yamashubhu amancane angena emzimbeni wonke futhi axhunywe ngaphandle ngemishini evumela ukushintshanisa igesi nemvelo.
- Uhlelo lwe-Urinary: ube nemalubu we-malpighi wokukhishwa komchamo.
- uhlelo lwezinzwa: Isistimu yakho yezinzwa yakhiwe ngezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Banama-mechanoreceptors anjengezinwele, futhi babona umsindo ngezitho ze-tympanic eziqukethe iqembu lamaseli wezinzwa. Ama-chemoreceptors okunambitha nephunga, izitho zezinzwa ezisezimpondweni nasezidladleni ukuthola izinga lokushisa, umswakama namandla adonsela phansi.
- babe diapause: bangena esimweni sokungakhathali lapho isilwane sihlala khona siphumule ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo wayo wokuphila uvumelaniswa nezikhathi ezivumayo lapho ukudla kuningi futhi nezimo zemvelo zilungile.
- indlela yokuzivikela: Ukuzivikela kwakho, banezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokufaka imibala, ezingasebenza njengesixwayiso noma ukulingisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zingaba nokunambitheka okunyanyekayo nephunga, ezinye zinokulunywa ngezindlala ezinobuthi, izimpondo zokuzivikela, noma izinwele ezihlabayo. Abanye baphendukela ekubalekeni.
- Abavolontiya: zingabavolontiya bezinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi, ebezingeke zibe khona ukube bezingezona izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-coevolution, lapho kunokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuguqukayo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
- izinhlobo zomphakathi: kunezinhlobo zezenhlalo futhi, ngalokho, ziguquke ngokweqile. Banokubambisana ngaphakathi kweqembu, okuncike kwizimpawu ezithintekayo nezamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amaqembu ayimiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi, amaningi anezinhlangano zesikhashana futhi awahlanganiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinambuzane ezifana nezintuthwane, umuhlwa, iminyovu nezinyosi zihleleke ngokweqile, njengoba zihlala emakoloni anezikhundla zomphakathi. Ziguquke zaze zafika ezingeni lokuthi sezithuthukise uhlelo lwezimpawu zokuxhumana nokudlulisa imininingwane ngemvelo noma ngomthombo wokudla.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izici zezinambuzane, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.