-Delile
- Izici zamalulwane
- Amalulwane athanda ukuhlala kuphi?
- Amalulwane abona kanjani?
- Ingabe amalulwane awaboni?
- Amalulwane adla igazi
Kunenkolelo edumile yokuthi amalulwane awaboni, ngenxa yekhono layo elifiselekayo lokuhamba, ngokusebenzisa i- i-echolocation, okubavumela ukuba baqonde kahle nasebusuku. Kodwa-ke, kuyiqiniso yini ukuthi amalulwane awaboni? Umuzwa wokubona kwalezi zilwane ezinamaphiko uhlukile kowabantu, futhi unamanye amakhono azivumela ukuba ziphile kahle kakhulu.
Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi amalulwane abona kanjani? Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal sizokhuluma ngokujulile ngombono wabo nangamakhono amangalisayo alezi zilwane. Ukufunda okuhle!
Izici zamalulwane
Kukhona okungaphezulu kwe- izinhlobo eziyinkulungwane zamalulwane emhlabeni, zonke zinezici ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo zabelana ngezimpawu ezithile, njengosayizi wazo, ezingahlukahluka. phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-35 ubude, kanye nesisindo sayo, ngokuvamile esingeqi ku-100 amagremu. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okunye okuhlukile, okufana ne- Ilulwane legolide lasePhilippine (I-Acerodon jubatus), ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude, nempungushe endizayo (I-Pteropus giganteus), ehlala e-Asia nase-Oceania futhi engafinyelela cishe emamitheni ama-2 ngamaphiko.
Imizimba yamalulwane imbozwe ngoboya obufushane obusiza ukuba umelane namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminwe yangaphambili yalezi zilwane inamathiselwe ku- a ulwelwesi oluncane kakhulu lokho kubenza bakwazi ukundiza kalula.
Ukondla kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo. Ezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane zidla izithelo kuphela, kanti ezinye zithanda izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, kanti ezinye zondla ngegazi.
Amalulwane athanda ukuhlala kuphi?
Wena amalulwane ahlala noma kuphi, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni lapho amazinga okushisa ephansi kakhulu. Okuvame kakhulu ukubathola ezindaweni ezishisayo nezipholile, lapho bahlala khona izihlahla nemigede, yize nabo bephephela ku- imifantu ezindongeni neziqu eziyize.
Uma ubesaba, kulesi sihloko uzothola ukuthi ungabethusa kanjani amalulwane.
Amalulwane abona kanjani?
Amalulwane anolunye lwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Banekhono elibiziwe i-echolocation, okubavumela ukuba babone ngeso lengqondo izinto ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yemisindo ephansi yemvamisa. Indlela yokusebenza kwe-echolocation iyinkimbinkimbi. Okubonwayo ukuthi amalulwane ayakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimpawu zokufaka nezokukhipha. Ngenxa yalokho, bathumela futhi thola imininingwane ngasikhathi sinye, njengalapho umuntu ezwa izwi lakhe nge-echo.
Amalulwane abona kanjani? Ngezinga elikhulu, ngalolu hlelo lwe-echolocation, olungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nokwakheka okuningana okutholakala ezindlebeni nasemphimbo, lapho sifaka khona okungavamile ukuma kwendawo lokho kunakho. Lesi silwane sikhipha i-ultrasound ephuma ku-larynx bese ixoshwa ngekhala noma ngempumulo. Izindlebe bese zithatha amagagasi omsindo agxuma ezintweni ezizungezile futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ilulwane liziqondise.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-echolocation, kepha amalulwane asebenzisa i-echolocation yomjikelezo ophezulu: ivumela ukuthola ulwazi ngokuhamba nendawo yezisulu. Bakhipha lo msindo ngokuqhubekayo ngenkathi belalele imvamisa ye-echo abayitholayo.
Phezu kwaleli khono elihle kangaka, kunezinambuzane ezenze ukujwayela okwenza kube nzima kulabo abazidlayo ukuzithola, ngoba zikwazi ngisho nokukhansela i-ultrasound futhi zingakhi ama-echoes. Abanye bayakwazi khiqiza ama-ultrasound akho ukudida lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo.
Ingabe amalulwane awaboni?
Ngaphandle kwezindaba nezinsumansumane ngamalulwane nobumpumputhe bawo, qaphela ukuthi cha, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo abayizimpumputhe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, zibona kangcono kakhulu kunezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, yize zingaphezu kwamandla abantu okubona.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo ikwazi ukubona ukukhanya kwelanga okuhlukanisiwe nokuyisebenzisela ukuma komuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbono walezi zilwane uzivumela ukuba zindize amabanga amade futhi ziqonde, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-echolocation ngale njongo, kangangoba zisebenzisa yona ukuhamba amabanga amafushane ebumnyameni.
Esikhathini esedlule, bekukholelwa ukuthi amehlo amalulwane anezinduku kuphela, okungamaseli we-photoreceptor avumela ukuthi abone ebumnyameni. Kuyaziwa manje ukuthi, yize amancane ngamehlo abo, nawo anezigaxa, okukhombisa ukuthi anamandla okubona emini. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuphazamisi isitayela sakho sempilo yasebusuku, njengoba amalulwane ezwela kuzinguquko emazingeni okukhanya.
Wake wayizwa inkulumo ethi "impumputhe njengelulwane"? Yebo, manje uyazi ukuthi unephutha, ngoba amalulwane awaboni futhi zincike kakhulu emehlweni akho njengasekufundisweni kwe-echolocation ukuziqondisa futhi uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwabo.
Amalulwane adla igazi
Amabhati ngokomlando ahlotshaniswa nezinganekwane ezesabekayo nezesabekayo. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo zondla igazi, okungelona iqiniso. EBrazil, ezinhlotsheni eziyi-178 ezaziwayo, zintathu kuphela ezondla ngegazi..
Lezi zinhlobo ezidinga igazi ukuze ziphile zaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amalulwane e-vampire: i-vampire bat evamile (Desmodus rotundus), i-vampire bat enamaphiko amhlophe (diaemus younginelulwane le-vampire elinemilenze enoboya (Diphylla ecaudata).
Izinhloso zamalulwane ngokuvamile kuyizinkomo, izingulube, amahhashi nezinyoni. Umuntu akabhekwa njengesisulu semvelo samalulwane e-vampire, kepha kunemibiko yokuhlaselwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Okunye ukukhathazeka okuvamile ngamalulwane ukuthi angabadlulisi bamarabi - kodwa kuyaphawuleka lokho noma yisiphi isilwane esincelisayo esinegciwane singadlulisa lesi sifo, hhayi amalulwane nje kuphela.
Amalulwane nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekunakekelweni nasekulinganisweni kwemvelo njengoba zondla kakhulu izithelo nezinambuzane. Lokhu kubenza babaluleke. umbimbi ekulweni nezinambuzane zasemadolobheni nezolimo. Njengoba abaningi bedla umpe nempova, basiza impova ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali, umsebenzi ofana kakhulu nowezinyosi nezinyoni.
Futhi ematheni alezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo, kuvele izifundo ezintsha nezidakamizwa ngoba icebile ngezinto zokulwa ne-antioagulant. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amalulwane angasiza futhi ekwakhiweni kwemithi yokwelapha i-thrombosis nezinye izinkinga zempilo kubantu abahlaselwe unhlangothi.[1].
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zilwane ezincelisayo, funda le ndatshana kusuka ezinhlotsheni zezilwane zePeritoIzilwane nezici zazo.
Futhi njengoba sikhuluma ngokudla kwabo, ungabheka kule vidiyo esiteshini sikaPeritoAnimal izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphakelwa kwelulwane: