-Delile
- Yini ehlukanisa abantu kwezinye izilwane
- Ngabe izilwane zicabanga noma zenze ngokwemvelo?
- Ngabe izilwane ziyacabanga?
- Ukuhlakanipha kwezilwane: izibonelo
Abantu bafunde ngokuziphatha kwezilwane amakhulu eminyaka. THE isimilo, okuyinto esiyibiza ngokuthi le ndawo yolwazi lwesayensi, ihlose, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthola ukuthi izilwane ziyacabanga noma cha, ngoba abantu benze ubuhlakani bube ngenye yezinkinga ezahlukanisa abantu nezilwane.
Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal, sizochaza imiqondo esemqoka yezifundo ezifuna ukuhlola amakhono ezwelayo nawokuqonda ezilwaneni. Ingabe ingabe izilwane ziyacabanga? Sizochaza konke ngokuhlakanipha kwezilwane.
Yini ehlukanisa abantu kwezinye izilwane
Ukufinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ngabe izilwane zicabanga noma cha, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuchaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini isenzo sokucabanga. "Ukucabanga" kuvela esiLatini bazocabanga, eyayinencazelo yokukala, ukubala noma ukucabanga. Isichazamazwi seMichaelis sichaza ukucabanga ngokuthi "ukudlala amandla okwahlulela noma ukucabanga". Isichazamazwi siveza izincazelo eziningi, phakathi kwazo okulandelayo: [1]
Zonke lezi zenzo ngokushesha zibhekisa komunye umqondo lapho umcabango ungeke ususwe kuwo, futhi okungekho okunye ngaphandle kwe- ubuhlakani. Leli gama lingachazwa njengobungqondo bengqondo obuvumelayo funda, uqonde, ubonisane, uthathe izinqumo futhi wakhe umbono kweqiniso. Ukunquma ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezingathathwa njengezihlakaniphile kube yindaba yokufunda njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngokwencazelo enikeziwe, cishe zonke izilwane zingathathwa njengezihlakaniphile ngoba zingafunda futhi, ngamanye amazwi, zivumelanise nemvelo yakho. Ubunhloli abugcini nje ngokuxazulula ukusebenza kwezibalo noma okunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izincazelo zifaka phakathi ikhono lokusebenzisa izinsimbi, ukudala isiko, okungukuthi, ukudlulisa izimfundiso ezisuka kubazali ziye ezinganeni, noma ukumane nje ujabulele ubuhle bomsebenzi wobuciko noma ukushona kwelanga. Futhi, amandla wokuxhumana ngolimi, noma ngabe usebenzisa izimpawu noma izimpawu, kuthathwa njengophawu lobuhlakani njengoba kudinga izinga eliphakeme lokukhipha ukuhlanganisa izincazelo nabakhombisi. Ubunhloli, njengoba sibona, kuya ngokuthi umcwaningi akuchaze kanjani.
Umbuzo we ukuhlakanipha kwezilwane iyimpikiswano futhi ihilela imikhakha yesayensi neyefilosofi neyenkolo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi, ngokuqamba abantu ngokuthi homo sapiens, izoba ngesinye sezici umuntu angaqonda ngazo okuhlukanisa abantu kwezinye izilwane. Futhi, futhi, okuthi ngandlela thile kugunyaze ukuxhashazwa kwazo zonke ezinye izilwane, ngoba zithathwa, ngandlela thile, ziphansi.
Ngakho-ke, izimiso zokuziphatha ekucwaningeni lolu daba azinakunakwa. Kubalulekile futhi ngekhanda igama lesiyalo sesayensi, i- isimilo, echazwa njengesifundo sokuqhathanisa sokuziphatha kwezilwane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izifundo zihlala zine- ukwenzelelaanthropocentric, ngoba zenziwe ngabantu, okuyibo futhi abahumusha imiphumela ngokombono wabo nangendlela yabo yokuqonda umhlaba, okungafani ncamashi nezilwane, okuthi, isibonelo, iphunga ligxile kakhulu noma ukuzwa. Futhi lokho akusho ukungabikho kolimi, okubeka umkhawulo ekuqondeni kwethu. Ukubukwa emvelweni yemvelo nakho kumele kuhlolwe kuqhathaniswa nokwenziwe ngokungekho emalabhoratri.
Ucwaningo lusathuthukiswa futhi luletha idatha entsha. Isibonelo, ekukhanyeni kolwazi lwamanje lwe- Iphrojekthi Enkulu Yama-Primates, namuhla lezi zinkawu ziyacelwa ukuthi zithole i- amalungelo ahambelana nawo njengama-hominid angama-. Njengoba sibona, ubuhlakani bunemiphumela ezingeni lokuziphatha nelomthetho.
Ngabe izilwane zicabanga noma zenze ngokwemvelo?
Uma ucabanga ngencazelo yomcabango, ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuyadingeka ukunquma incazelo yaleli gama isazela. Isimo semvelo sikhomba ku ukuziphatha okungokwemvelo, ngakho-ke, zazingafundiswa kodwa zazidluliselwa ngofuzo. Okungukuthi, ngokwemvelo, zonke izilwane zohlobo olufanayo zizophendula ngendlela efanayo ekuvuseleleni okuthile. Imvelo yenzeka ezilwaneni, kepha akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi nazo ziyenzeka kubantu.
Izifundo zenziwe ngenhloso yokuxazulula inkinga ye ukuthi izilwane zicabanga kanjani, ngokujwayelekile, kubhekwe ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo ziyedlula, ngokobuhlakani bezilwane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezinhlanzi, zona zona ezedlulwa yizinyoni. Phakathi kwabo, ama-primates, izindlovu namahlengethwa avelele njengabahlakaniphile kakhulu. I-octopus, ethathwa njengokuhlakanipha kwezilwane, yenza okuhlukile kulo mthetho.
Ezifundweni zokucabanga kwezilwane, kwahlolwa futhi ukuthi banekhono lokucabanga noma cha. O ukubonisana kungachazwa njengokusungula ubudlelwano phakathi kwemibono noma imiqondo ehlukene ukufinyelela eziphethweni noma ukwakha ukwahlulela. Ngokuya ngale ncazelo yomqondo, singacabanga ukuthi izilwane ziyacabanga, njengoba sekuvele kwaqashelwa ukuthi abanye babo bayakwazi ukusebenzisa izinto ukuxazulula inkinga evela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amaphutha.
Ngabe izilwane ziyacabanga?
Idatha ivezwe kuze kube manje vumela wena ukwamukela ukuthi izilwane zicabanga. Ngokuphathelene namandla okuzwa, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola ubufakazi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwekhono lokuzwa ubuhlungu bomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwasungulwa ukuthi lezo zilwane ezine- izinhlelo zezinzwa bangabuzwa ubuhlungu ngendlela efanayo nakubantu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo esihle sale mpikiswano yizinkunzi ezisezinkundleni zemidlalo ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ubuhlungu.
Kepha umbuzo futhi ukuthi bayahlupheka yini, okungukuthi, bayabhekana yini ne- Ukuhluphekangokwengqondo. iqiniso lokuhlupheka ukucindezeleka, elingalinganiswa ngokusobala ngamahomoni afihliwe, kubonakala ngathi kunikeza impendulo evumayo. Ukudana okuchazwe ezilwaneni noma iqiniso lokuthi abanye bayafa ngemuva kokushiywa, ngisho nangaphandle kwesizathu somzimba, nakho kuzokuqinisekisa lokhu kucabanga. Futhi, imiphumela yezifundo kulokhu i umbuzo wokuziphatha futhi kufanele kusenze sizindle ngokuthi siziphatha kanjani ezinye izilwane ezisemhlabeni.
thola ukuthi ziyini inkululeko yenhlalakahle yezilwane nokuthi zihlobana kanjani nengcindezi ku-PeritoAnimal.
Ukuhlakanipha kwezilwane: izibonelo
Ikhono lamanye ama-primates ukuxhumana nge Ulwimi lwezandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi alezi zinhlobo, ama-cephalopods nezinyoni, i- Ukuxazululwa kwenkinga okucishe kube yinkimbinkimbi, amagundane ayeke ukudla ukudla obekuyingozi kozakwabo noma ukusetshenziswa kweziphethu ezishisayo ezenza izinkawu eJapan, yizibonelo ezisetshenzisiwe ocwaningweni oluhlala njalo olwenziwa ngabantu ukuxazulula umbuzo wokuthi ngabe izilwane zicabanga noma cha.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, ungafunda izifundo zikaDesmond Morris, uJane Goodall, uDian Fossey, uKonrad Lorenz, uNikolaas Timbergen, uFrans de Waall, uKarl Von Frisch, njll.
Funda kabanzi ngemvelaphi nokuvela kwezinkawu kule ndatshana yezilwane iPerito.