-Delile
- Izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhiqiza uju
- Inyosi yaseYurophu
- Inyosi yase-Asia
- Inyosi yase-Asia Yemifino
- inyosi enkulu
- Inyosi yasePhilippine
- Inyosi kaKoschevnikov
- Inyosi emnyama yase-Asia
- Izinhlobo zezinyosi ezingasekho
- Izinhlobo zezinyosi zaseBrazil
- Izinhlobo zezinyosi: funda kabanzi
Ngo- izinyosi ezakha uju, obeye aziwe njengo izinyosi zezinyosi, aqoqelwe ikakhulukazi kuhlobo lohlobo I-Apis. Kodwa-ke, singathola izinyosi zezinyosi naphakathi kwesizwe. melokuhle, yize kulokhu kunguju oluhlukile, oluningi kakhulu futhi olunamanzi amaningi, ngokwesiko asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha.
Kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal, sizokukhombisa yonke imininingwane ye- izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhiqiza uju njenge I-Apis, kufaka phakathi lezo ezingasekho, ngolwazi mayelana nezinhlobo, izici zazo nezithombe.
Izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhiqiza uju
Lezi yizona eziyinhloko izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhiqiza uju:
- Inyosi yaseYurophu
- Inyosi yase-Asia
- Inyosi yase-Asia Yemifino
- inyosi enkulu
- Inyosi yasePhilippine
- Inyosi kaKoschevnikov
- Inyosi emnyama yase-Asia
- Apis armbrusteri
- I-Apis lithohermaea
- Apis nearctica
Inyosi yaseYurophu
THE Inyosi yaseYurophu noma inyosi yezinyosi yasentshonalanga (Apis mellifera) mhlawumbe ingenye yezinhlobo zezinyosi ezithandwa kakhulu futhi yahlukaniswa nguCarl Nilsson Linneaus ngo-1758. IYurophu, i-Afrika ne-Asia, yize selusabalele kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. [1]
Kukhona eyodwa inzalo enkulu kwezomnotho ngemuva kwalezi zinhlobo, ngoba impova yayo inegalelo elikhulu ekukhiqizeni ukudla komhlaba wonke, ngaphezu kokukhiqiza uju, impova, i-wax, i-royal jelly ne-propolis. [1] Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwe- ezithile izibulala-zinambuzane, njenge-calcium polysulfide noma i-Rotenat CE®, iyithinta kabi le nhlobo, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheja ezolimo eziphilayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingeyona ingozi. [2]
Inyosi yase-Asia
THE inyosi yase-asia (Apis cerana) iyafana nenyosi yaseYurophu, incanyana. Ungowokuzalwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi uhlala emazweni amaningana njenge I-China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Bangladesh ne-Indonesia, kodwa-ke, yethulwa nasePapua New Guinea, e-Australia naseSolomon Islands. [3]
Ucwaningo lwamuva luyakuqinisekisa lokho ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo kunciphile, ikakhulukazi e-Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Japan naseNingizimu Korea, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwayo, ikakhulu ngenxa ye- ukuguqulwa kwehlathi emasimini enjoloba nawoyela wesundu. Ngokufanayo, naye wathinteka ngokwethulwa kwe- Apis mellifera ngabafuyi bezinyosi baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, njengoba inikeza umkhiqizo omkhulu kunezinyosi ezivamile, ngenkathi kubangela eziningana ukugula enyosini yase-Asia. [3]
Kubalulekile ukukugcizelela lokho Apis nuluensis njengamanje ithathwa njengesihlokwana se- Apis cerana.
Inyosi yase-Asia Yemifino
THE inyosi yase-asian encane (Apis florea) uhlobo lwezinyosi oludidaniswe kakhulu ne- I-Apis andreniformis, futhi abadabuka e-Asia, ngenxa yokufana kwabo kwe-morphological. Kodwa-ke, zingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngelinye lamalungu azo angaphambili, okude ngokwedlulele esimweni se- Apis florea. [4]
Izinhlobo zinaba cishe amakhilomitha ayi-7,000 ukusuka kweqise. empumalanga yeVietnam kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina. [4] Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-1985 kuya phambili, ukuba khona kwayo ezwenikazi i-Afrika kwaqala ukuqashelwa, mhlawumbe ngenxa ye- ezokuthutha zomhlaba wonke. Kamuva amakoloni abonwa naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. [5]
Kujwayelekile ukuthi yonke imindeni iphile ngoju olukhiqizwa yilezi zinyosi, yize lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kuphumela ukufa koloni ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi kanye nokuntuleka kolwazi mayelana nokufuywa kwezinyosi. [6]
inyosi enkulu
THE inyosi enkulu noma inyosi enkulu yase-Asia (Apis dorsata) ivelele ikakhulukazi eyayo usayizi omkhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi, eziphakathi kuka-17 no-20 mm. Uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, ikakhulukazi e-Southeast Asia, Indonesia nase-Australia, okwenza izidleke ezinhle emagatsheni ezihlahla, ihlala njalo iseduze nemithombo yokudla. [7]
Ukuziphatha kwe-Intraspecific nolaka kwabonwa kulolu hlobo ngesikhathi sokufudukela ezidlekeni ezintsha, ikakhulukazi kubantu ababehlola izindawo ezifanayo ukwakha isidleke. Kulezi zimo, kunezimpi ezinodlame ezibandakanya ukulunywa, okudala ukuthi ukufa kwabantu ngabanye uyabandakanyeka. [8]
Kubalulekile ukukugcizelela lokho ama-apis asebenzayo njengamanje ithathwa njengesihlokwana se- Apis dorsata.
Futhi wazi izinambuzane ezinobuthi kakhulu eBrazil
Inyosi yasePhilippine
THE Inyosi yezinyosi yasePhilippine (I-Apis nigrocincta) ukhona ku- IPhilippines ne-Indonesia nezilinganiso eziphakathi kuka-5.5 no-5.9 mm.[9] Kuyinto uhlobo ukuthi izidleke ezimbotsheni, njengezingodo ezingenalutho, imihume noma izakhiwo zomuntu, imvamisa ziseduze nomhlabathi. [10]
ukuba uhlobo kuqashelwa kamuva nje futhi imvamisa ukudideka ne Eduzane ne-Apis, sisenemininingwane emincane ngalezi zinhlobo, kepha ilukuluku ukuthi uhlobo olungaqala isifuba esisha unyaka wonke, yize kunezici ezithile ezibeka lokhu phambili, njengokudla ezinye izinhlobo, ukungabi nezinsizakusebenza noma amazinga okushisa adlulele.[10]
Inyosi kaKoschevnikov
THE Inyosi kaKoschevnikov (I-Apis koschevnikovi) luhlobo lwendabuko eBorneo, eMalaysia nase-Indonesia, ngakho-ke lwabelana ngendawo yalo ne Apis cerana Nuluensis. [11] Njengezinye izinyosi zase-Asia, inyosi kaKoschevnikov ivame ukuba nezidleke emigodini, yize ukutholakala kwayo emvelweni kuthinteka kakhulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okubangelwa amasimu yetiye, uwoyela wesundu, injoloba kanye nokhokhonathi. [12]
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi, lolu hlobo luvame ukuzala amakoloni amancane kakhulu, evumela ukuthi iphile ezimweni ezinomswakama nezimvula. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, igcina izinsiza kalula futhi izala kabusha ngesilinganiso esisheshayo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. [13]
Inyosi emnyama yase-Asia
THE inyosi emnyama emnyama (I-Apis andreniformis) ihlala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ehlanganisa iChina, i-India, iBurma, iLaos, iVietnam, iThailand, iMalaysia, i-Indonesia kanye nePhilippines. [14] Ingenye yezinhlobo zezinyosi zezinyosi osekuphele iminyaka zinganakwa, ngoba okukholelwa ukuthi yi-subspecies ye- Apis florea, okuthile izifundo eziningana ezingakuphikanga. [14]
Yinyosi emnyama emnyama kakhulu kunhlobo yayo. Dala amakoloni abo amancane izihlahla noma izihlahla, sisebenzisa ithuba lohlaza ukuze singanakwa. Imvamisa zakha eduze komhlaba, endaweni ephakeme engamamitha ama-2,5. [15]
Izinhlobo zezinyosi ezingasekho
Ngaphezu kohlobo lwezinyosi esishilo, bekukhona ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi ezingasahlali emhlabeni futhi ezicatshangelwayo shabalala:
- Apis armbrusteri
- I-Apis lithohermaea
- Apis nearctica
Izinhlobo zezinyosi zaseBrazil
bayisithupha izinhlobo zezinyosi ezizalwa endaweni yaseBrazil:
- Melipona scutellaris: ebizwa nangokuthi i-uruçu bee, i-nordestina uruçu noma i-urusu, zaziwa ngosayizi wazo nangokuba yizinyosi ezingenalo ulaka. Zijwayelekile eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil.
- I-Quadrifasciate melipona: eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-mandaçaia bee, inomzimba oqinile nonemisipha futhi ifana nesifunda eseningizimu yezwe.
- Melipona fasciculata: obizwa nangokuthi grey uruçu, unomzimba omnyama onemivimbo empunga. Zidume ngekhono lazo eliphezulu lokukhiqiza uju. Zitholakala ezifundeni eziseNyakatho, eNyakatho-mpumalanga naseMidwest zezwe.
- URufiventris: owaziwa nangokuthi u-Uruçu-Amarela, i-tujuba ingatholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga nezesikhungo esiseNingizimu. Zidume ngekhono lazo eliphezulu lokukhiqiza uju.
- I-Nannotrigone testaceicornis: ingabizwa ngokuthi inyosi yase-Ira, inyosi yomdabu engatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseBrazil. Zijwayela kahle ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.
- I-angular tetragonisca: ebizwa nangokuthi i-yellow jataí bee, inyosi yegolide, i-jati, umiyane wangempela, iyinyosi yomdabu futhi ingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke iLatin America. Ngokudume kakhulu, uju lwalo lwaziwa ukusiza ngemithi yokwelashwa ehlobene nombono.
Izinhlobo zezinyosi: funda kabanzi
Izinyosi yizilwane ezincane, kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ibhalansi yomhlaba, ngenxa yemisebenzi yazo ebalulekile, ukuba impova okuvelele kakhulu. Yingakho, ePeritoAnimal, sinikeza imininingwane eminingi ngale hymenoptera encane ngokuchaza ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma inyosi inyamalala.
Ukusikisela: Uma ngabe uyithandile le ndatshana, thola futhi zikhiqiza kanjani izintuthwane.