-Delile
- I-Starfish ye-oda i-Brisingida
- I-Starfish ye-oda Forcipultida
- I-Starfish ye-oda Paxilosida
- I-Starfish ye-oda Notomyotida
- I-Starfish ye-oda i-Spinulosida
- I-Starfish ye-oda Valvatida
- I-Starfish ye-oda le-Velatida
- Ezinye izibonelo zezinhlobo ze-starfish
Ama-Echinoderms ayi-phylum yezilwane ezinokuhlukahluka okubalulekile kwezilwane zasolwandle kuphela. Ku-PeritoAnimal, sifuna ukwethula kule ndatshana eqenjini elithile lale phylum, elimelwe yisigaba i-Asteroidea, esazi kakhulu njenge-starfish. Lesi sigaba siqukethe izinhlobo eziyinkulungwane kwasatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba. Ekugcineni, esinye isigaba sama-echinoderms esibizwa nge-Ophiuras siqokwa njenge-starfish, kepha-ke, lesi siqeshana asilungile, ngoba, yize sethula isici esifanayo, sehluke ngokwezentela.
I-Starfish ayilona iqembu lasendulo lama-echinoderms, kepha anazo zonke izici zawo ezijwayelekile. Bangakwazi ukuhlala emabhishi, babe emadwaleni noma ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi. Sikumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana izinhlobo ze-starfish lokho kukhona.
I-Starfish ye-oda i-Brisingida
Ukuhleleka kwama-brisingidos kufana ne-starfish ehlala ezansi kuphela kwezilwandle, imvamisa iphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1800 kanye nama-2400 ukujula, isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ePacific Ocean, emanzini aseCaribbean naseNew Zealand, yize ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala ezinye izifunda. Zingaba nezingalo ezinkulu eziyisithupha kuya kwezingama-20, ezizisebenzisela ukondla ngokuhlunga futhi ezinemiqolo emide emise okwenaliti. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zine-disk eguquguqukayo lapho umlomo utholakala khona. Kujwayelekile ukubona izinhlobo zalolu hlelo emaweni asolwandle noma ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona imisinga yamanzi, ngoba lokhu kusiza ekudleni.
I-oda leBrisingida lakhiwa ngu- imindeni emibili I-Brisingidae ne-Freyellidae, enezizukulwane eziyi-16 sezizonke futhi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- Brisinga decacnemos
- i-novodine yaseMelika
- elegans freyella
- hymenodiscus coronata
- Colpaster edwardsi
Uma ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eminingi ngempilo ye-starfish, vakashela nendatshana yethu mayelana nokuzala kwe-starfish, lapho uzobona khona incazelo yokuthi isebenza kanjani nezibonelo.
I-Starfish ye-oda Forcipultida
Isici esiyinhloko saleli oda ukuba khona kwezakhiwo ezimise okwe-pincer emzimbeni wesilwane, ongavula futhi uvale, obizwa nge-pedicelareas, ngokuvamile abonakala kuleli qembu futhi akhiwa isiqu esifushane esiqukethe izingcezu ezintathu zamathambo. Izinyawo ezihamba ngama-ambulensi, okuyizinwele ezithambile ezihlelwe engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, zinezinkomishi zokudonsa ezicijile. Izingalo zivame ukuba namandla futhi zinezipika ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu. Zisatshalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, kokubili emanzini ashisayo namakhaza.
Kunokwehluka ngokokuhlukaniswa kwaso, kodwa-ke, omunye wemukelekile ubheka ukuba khona kwemindeni eyi-7, engaphezu kuka-60 wezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300. Ngaphakathi kwalokhu ku-oda, sithola i-starfish evamile (i-Asterias rubens), engomunye wabamele kakhulu, kepha singathola nezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- ICoscinasteria tenuispina
- labidiaster annulatus
- I-Ampheraster alaminos
- I-Allostichaster capensis
- I-Bythiolophus acanthinus
I-Starfish ye-oda Paxilosida
Abantu kuleli qembu banezinyawo ezinjenge-tube ezinama-ambulensi, ezinezinkomishi zokuncela ezijwayelekile, uma bekhona, futhi babonakala ngokuba nokuncane izakhiwo ze-granule emapuletini amboza indawo engaphezulu yamathambo omzimba. Inezingalo ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu, ezisiza ukumba inhlabathi yesihlabathi lapho ingatholakala khona. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlobo, zingaba khona ukujula okuhlukile futhi uhlala emazingeni angenasisekelo.
Le oda ihlukaniswe imindeni eyi-8, imikhakha engu-46 kanye izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-250. Eminye yile:
- I-Astropecten acanthifer
- ICtenodiscus australis
- ludia bellonae
- UGephyraster Fisher
- Iplanethi ye-Abyssaster
I-Starfish ye-oda Notomyotida
Wena izinyawo eziphuthumayo yalolu hlobo lwe-starfish akhiwa ngochungechunge lwezine futhi anazo amaswidi ngokweqile, yize ezinye izinhlobo zingenazo. Umzimba unezinsipho ezincane futhi ezicijile, nezingalo ezakhiwe ngamabhande emisipha aguquguqukayo. Idiski lincane kakhulu, ngokuba khona kwemisebe emihlanu futhi i-pedicel ingaba nezimo ezihlukile, njengama-valve noma ama-spines. Izinhlobo zaleli qembu zihlala amanzi ajulile.
I-oda i-Notomyotida lakhiwa ngumndeni owodwa, i-Benthopectinidae, inezizukulwane eziyi-12 nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-75, phakathi kwazo esingazisho:
- I-Acontiaster bandanus
- I-Benthopecten acanthonotus
- kunuka echinulatus
- I-Myonotus intermedius
- Pectinaster Agassizi
I-Starfish ye-oda i-Spinulosida
Amalungu aleli qembu anemizimba ebucayi futhi njengesici esihlukile awanawo ama-pedicelarias. Isifunda sama-aboral (maqondana nomlomo) simbozwe ameva amaningi, ahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile kolunye, ngobukhulu nangokwakheka, nangokuhlelwa. Idiski lalezi zilwane imvamisa lincane, ngokuba khona kwemisebe emihlanu yama-cylindrical kanti izinyawo ze-ambulensi zinezinkomishi zokudonsa. Indawo yokuhlala iyehluka futhi kungenzeka ibe khona izindawo eziphakathi kwamanzi noma ezijulile zamanzi, zombili ezifundeni ezibandayo, ezipholile nezishisayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweqembu kuyimpikiswano, kodwa-ke, irekhodi lomhlaba lezinhlobo zasolwandle libona umndeni owodwa, i-Echinasteridae, onemikhakha eyi-8 izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu, njenge:
- enegazi uHenricia
- Echinaster colemani
- Subulata metrodira
- UViolet Odontohenricia
- URhopiella hirsuta
I-Starfish ye-oda Valvatida
Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-starfish kuleli qembu zinakho izingalo ezinhlanu ezibunjiwe, lapho kunemigqa emibili yezinyawo ezihamba ngama-ambulensi nama-ossicles agadlile, okuyizakhiwo zamatshe amatshe afakwe ngaphakathi esikweleni eziletha ukuqina nokuvikelwa kwesilwane. Futhi banama-pedicelarias nama-paxillas emzimbeni. Lezi zokugcina ziyizakhiwo ezimise okwesambulela ezinomsebenzi wokuvikela, ngenhloso yokuvimbela izindawo ezidla nokuphefumula kuzo ukuthi zingaphazanyiswa yisihlabathi. Leli oda ezahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi abantu abasukela kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya ngaphezu kwama-75 cm bangatholakala.
I-oda likaValvatida linempikiswano enkulu maqondana nomnotho walo. Olunye lwezigaba lubona imindeni eyi-14 futhi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-600. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:
- i-pentaster obtusatus
- nodosus protoraster
- usathane clarki
- I-Alternatus heterozonia
- linckia guildingi
I-Starfish ye-oda le-Velatida
Izilwane zale oda zine imvamisa imizimba enamandla, enamadiski amakhulu. Ngokuya ngohlobo, banakho phakathi kwezingalo ezi-5 nezili-15 futhi eziningi zazo zinamathambo angathuthuki kahle. Kukhona i-starfish encane, enobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-0.5 no-2 cm, kanti amanye afinyelela ku-30 cm. Ngokuya ngosayizi, ikilasi lihluka phakathi kuka-5 no-15 cm ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuye kolunye. Izinyawo ze-Ambulatory zethulwa ngochungechunge olufanayo futhi imvamisa zinenkomishi yokudonsa eyakhiwe kahle. Ngokuqondene ne-pedicelaria, imvamisa abekho, kepha uma benayo, aqukethe amaqembu ameva. Izinhlobo zeli oda zihlala ekujuleni okukhulu.
Imindeni emi-5, imikhakha engama-25 nokuzungezile Izinhlobo ezingama-200, phakathi kwalabo abatholakele:
- belyaevostella hispida
- UCaymanostella Phorcynis
- UKorethraster hispidus
- I-Asthenactis australis
- I-euretaster attenuatus
Ezinye izibonelo zezinhlobo ze-starfish
Ngaphandle kwe izinhlobo ze-starfish kuchazwe kuso sonke lesi sihloko, kuningi okunye okuvelele, njengokulandelayo:
- i-asterina enobuthi
- I-Echinaster sepositus
- I-Marth Maraas glacialis - inkanyezi enameva
- I-Astropecten irregularis
- luidia ciliaris
I-Starfish inendima ebalulekile yemvelo ngaphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, ngakho-ke zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo. Kodwa-ke, zithinteka kalula kumakhemikhali, ngoba azikwazi ukuhlunga kalula ubuthi obungena olwandle.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini ezisetshenziswa izivakashi futhi kujwayelekile ukubona ukuthi izivakashi zale ndawo zithatha kanjani i-starfish ukuzibuka nokuthatha izithombe, okuyisimo sengqondo impela. kuyingozi esilwaneni, ngoba kudinga ukucwiliswa ukuze ukwazi ukuphefumula, ngakho-ke, ngemuva nje kokuphuma emanzini, bayafa. Mayelana nalokhu, Akufanele neze sikhiphe lezi zilwane endaweni yazo, singabancoma, sibagcine njalo emanzini hhayi ukubasebenzisa.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo ze-Starfish, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.