Izinhlobo Zokuphefumula Kwezilwane

Umlobi: Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa: 7 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 1 Udisemba 2024
Anonim
IZIBANI NOKUSEBENZA KWAZO
Ividiyo: IZIBANI NOKUSEBENZA KWAZO

-Delile

Ukuphefumula kungumsebenzi obalulekile wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, njengoba nezitshalo ziphefumula. Embusweni wezilwane, umehluko ezinhlotsheni zokuphefumula uncike ekuguqukeni kokwakheka kweqembu ngalinye lezilwane nohlobo lwendawo ezihlala kuyo. Uhlelo lokuphefumula lwenziwa iqoqo lezitho ezisebenza ngokubambisana ukwenza ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Phakathi nale nqubo, ngokuyisisekelo kukhona ifayili le- ukushintshaniswa kwegesi phakathi komzimba nemvelo, lapho isilwane sithola khona i-oxygen (O2), igesi ebalulekile emisebenzini yaso ebalulekile, futhi ikhipha i-carbon dioxide (CO2), okuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, ngoba ukuqongelela kwayo emzimbeni kuyabulala.


Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda ngokuhlukile izinhlobo zokuphefumula kwezilwane, qhubeka ufunda le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal, lapho sizokhuluma khona ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene izilwane eziphefumula ngazo nomehluko wazo ophambili nobunzima bawo.

ukuphefumula embusweni wesilwane

Zonke izilwane zabelana ngomsebenzi obalulekile wokuphefumula, kodwa ukuthi zikwenza kanjani lokhu kuyindaba ehlukile eqenjini ngalinye lesilwane. Uhlobo lokuphefumula olusetshenzisiwe luyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeqembu lezilwane kanye nelazo izici nokwakheka kwe-anatomical.

Phakathi nale nqubo, izilwane, kanye nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, shintshanisa amagesi nemvelo futhi bangathola umoya-mpilo futhi balahle isikhutha. Ngenxa yale nqubo yokuguqula umzimba, izilwane zingakwazi thola amandla ukwenza yonke eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile, futhi lokhu kubalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo ze-aerobic, okungukuthi, lezo ezihlala lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo (O2).


Izinhlobo Zokuphefumula Kwezilwane

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphefumula kwezilwane, ezingahlukaniswa zibe:

  • ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu: lokho kwenziwa ngamaphaphu. Lokhu kungahluka ngokwendlela yokwakheka kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngokunjalo, ezinye izilwane zinephaphu elilodwa, kanti ezinye zinamabili.
  • ukuphefumula kwe-gill: luhlobo lokuphefumula inhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle eziningi ezinakho. Kulolu hlobo lokuphefumula, ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izigaxa.
  • Ukuphefumula tracheal: lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuphefumula kwama-invertebrate, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane. Lapha, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi aluphazamisi ukushintshaniswa kwegesi.
  • ukuphefumula kwesikhumbaUkuphefumula kwesikhumba kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kuma-amphibians nakwezinye izilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama futhi ezinesikhumba esincane. Ekuphefumuleni okungatheni, njengoba igama lisho, ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka ngesikhumba.

Amaphaphu aphefumulela ezilwaneni

Lolu hlobo lokuphefumula, lapho ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka khona ngamaphaphu, inwebeka phakathi kwama-vertebrate asemhlabeni (njengezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo), ama-vertebrate asemanzini (njengama-cetaceans) nama-amphibians, nawo akwazi ukuphefumula ngesikhumba sawo. Ngokuya ngeqembu lomgogodla, uhlelo lokuphefumula lunezinguquko ezihlukile zokwakheka nokwakheka kwamaphaphu kuyashintsha.


Ukuphefumula kwe-Amphibian lung

Kuma-amphibians, amaphaphu angaba lula izikhwama ezinemithambo yegazi, njengama-salamanders namaxoxo, angamaphaphu ahlukaniswe amakamelo anamafolda akhulisa indawo yokuxhumana yokushintshaniswa kwegesi: i-alveoli.

Amaphaphu aphefumulela ezihuquzelayo

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinayo amaphaphu akhethekile kakhulu kunama-amphibians. Zihlukaniswe zaba izikhwama zomoya eziningana ezinesiponji ezixhumene. Indawo ephelele yokushintshaniswa kwegesi inyuka kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Ezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa, ngokwesibonelo, zinamaphaphu amabili, kanti izinyoka zinelilodwa kuphela.

Ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu ezinyonini

Ezinyonini, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibheka enye yazo izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphefumula ngenxa yomsebenzi wendiza kanye nokufunwa okuphezulu komoya-mpilo okusho lokhu. Amaphaphu abo angena umoya ngezikhwama zomoya, izakhiwo ezikhona kuphela ezinyonini. Izikhwama aziphazamisi ukushintshaniswa kwamagesi, kepha zinamandla okugcina umoya bese ziwuxosha, okungukuthi, zisebenza njengeziphepho, zivumela amaphaphu ukuthi abe izindawo ezigcina umoya omusha egeleza ngaphakathi kuwe.

Amaphaphu ukuphefumula ezincelisayo

Izilwane ezincelisayo zinakho amaphaphu amabili kwezicubu ezinwebeka zihlukaniswe ngama-lobes, futhi isakhiwo saso sinjalo okufana nesihlahla, njengoba zingena zibe yi-bronchi ne-bronchioles kuze kufike e-alveoli, lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Amaphaphu afakwa emgodini wesifuba futhi anqunyelwe yi-diaphragm, umsipha obasizayo futhi, ngokunwebeka kwayo nokuncipha kwayo, kusiza ukungena nokuphuma kwamagesi.

ukuphefumula kwe-gill ezilwaneni

Amagill yizitho ezithintekayo umoya emanzini, ziyizakhiwo zangaphandle futhi zitholakala ngemuva noma ohlangothini lwekhanda, kuya ngohlobo lwazo. Zingavela ngezindlela ezimbili: njengezakhiwo eziqoqiwe kuma-gill slits noma njengezihlanganisi ezinamagatsha, njengakwi-newt kanye ne-salamander larvae, noma kuma-invertebrate njengezibungu zezinambuzane ezithile, ama-annelids nama-molluscs.

Lapho amanzi engena emlonyeni futhi ephuma ngemigodi, umoya-mpilo "ubhajwe" bese udluliselwa egazini nakwezinye izicubu. Ukuhwebelana kwegesi kwenzeka ngenxa ye- ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ngosizo lwe opercles, ezihambisa amanzi ezigulini.

Izilwane eziphefumula ngemithambo

Ezinye izibonelo zezilwane eziphefumula ngezinhlungu yilezi:

  • Isi-Manta (I-Mobula birostris).
  • Whale shark (i-rhincodon typus).
  • Isikhwama Lamprey (UGeotria Australis).
  • Oyster omkhulu (I-tridacna gigas).
  • I-Blue Octopus enhle (ingwane cyanea).

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu, ungathinta le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal ngokuthi izinhlanzi ziphefumula kanjani?

ukuphefumula okunamathambo ezilwaneni

Ukuphefumula okunobuhlungu ezilwaneni ama-invertebrate avame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, ama-arachnids, ama-myriapods (ama-centipedes nama-millipedes), njll. Uhlelo lwe-tracheal lwakhiwe ngegatsha lamashubhu namapayipi agijima emzimbeni futhi axhuma ngqo nazo zonke izitho nezicubu, ukuze, kulokhu, isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi asiphazamisi ekuthuthweni kwamagesi. Ngamanye amagama, i-oxygen iyahlanganiswa ngaphandle kokufinyelela i-hemolymph (uketshezi oluvela ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi lwama-invertebrate, olufana nezinambuzane, olwenza umsebenzi ofana negazi kubantu nakwezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla) futhi lungena ngqo kumaseli. Ngokulandelayo, la mapayipi axhunywe ngqo ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezibizwa amahlazo noma imiphefumulo, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuqeda i-CO2.

Izibonelo Zokuphefumula Kwezinambuzane Ezilwaneni

Ezinye zezilwane ezinokuphefumula okunemisipha yilezi ezilandelayo:

  • Ibhungane lamanzi (gyrinus natator).
  • Inkumbi (UCaelifera).
  • Intuthwane (Ukubulala).
  • Inyosi (Apis mellifera).
  • Umnyovu wase-Asia (iminyovu ye-velutine).

Ukuphefumula kwesikhumba ezilwaneni

Esimweni esinjalo, ukuphefumula kwenzeka ngesikhumba hhayi ngesinye isitho esifana namaphaphu noma ama-gill. Kwenzeka kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini nezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla ezihambisana nezindawo ezinomswakama noma ezinezikhumba ezincanyana kakhulu; izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana namalulwane, ngokwesibonelo, anesikhumba esincane kakhulu emaphikweni awo nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yokushintshaniswa kwegesi engenziwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngokusebenzisa i- isikhumba esincanyana kakhulu nesiniselwayo, ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenziwa lula futhi, ngale ndlela, umoya-mpilo nesikhutha kungadlula ngokukhululeka kuwo.

Ezinye izilwane, njengezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini noma izimfudu ezinamashelisi athambile, ziye izindlala ezinomunyu ezisiza ukuthi zigcine isikhumba simanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwesibonelo, amanye ama-amphibians anezikhumba zesikhumba futhi ngaleyo ndlela andise indawo yokushintshanisa futhi, yize angahlanganisa izindlela zokuphefumula, njengephaphu nesikhumba, Ama-amphibians angama-90% yenza ukushintshaniswa kwegesi ngesikhumba.

Izibonelo zezilwane eziphefumula ngesikhumba sazo

Ezinye zezilwane eziphefumula ngesikhumba sazo yilezi:

  • Isibungulumbricus terrestris).
  • Umuthi wezokwelapha (IHirudo medicinalis).
  • I-Iberia newt (lyssotriton boscai).
  • Ixoxo lenyama elimnyama (Ama-Cultripes).
  • Ixoxo eliluhlaza (I-Pelophylax perezi).
  • I-sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus).

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo Zokuphefumula Kwezilwane, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.