-Delile
- Izici Zemikhomo
- Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini weBalaenidae
- Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini weBalaenopteridae
- Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini wakwaCetotheriidae
- Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini wakwa-Eschrichtiidae
- Izinhlobo Zemikhomo Esengozini
Imikhomo ingenye yezilwane ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngazo. Ezinye zezinhlobo zemikhomo yizilwane ezincelisayo ezaphila isikhathi eside ePlanethi Yomhlaba, kangangoba abanye babantu abasaphila namuhla kungenzeka bazalwa ngekhulu le-19.
Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal sizothola ukuthi mangaki izinhlobo zemikhomo kukhona, izici zazo, imikhomo esengozini yokuqothulwa nezinye izifiso eziningi.
Izici Zemikhomo
Imikhomo uhlobo lwama-cetaceans oluqoqwe kufayela le- uku-suborder Imfihlakalo, ebonakala ngokuba ne- amapuleti ezintshebe esikhundleni samazinyo, njengamahlengethwa, imikhomo ebulalayo, imikhomo yesidoda noma ama-porpoises (suborder odontoceti). Ziyizilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, ezijwayele ngokuphelele impilo yasemanzini. Ukhokho wakhe wayevela ezwekazini, isilwane esifana nemvubu yanamuhla.
Izici ezingokwenyama zalezi zilwane yizo ezenza zizifanele impilo engaphansi kwamanzi. Okwakho amaphiko we-pectoral ne-dorsal vumela ukuthi bagcine ibhalansi yabo emanzini futhi badlule kuyo. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba abanayo izimbobo ezimbili noma izipikili ngawo bathatha umoya odingekayo ukuze bahlale ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Ama-cetaceans angaphansi odontoceti banomoya owodwa kuphela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqina kwesikhumba saso nokuqongelela kwamafutha ngaphansi kwaso kusiza umkhomo gcina ukushisa komzimba njalo lapho behlela kukholamu lamanzi. Lokhu, kanye nokuma komzimba oyindilinga, okunikeza izici ze-hydrodynamic, kanye ne-microbiota ehlala emgudwini wayo wokugaya ukudla ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana, kubangela imikhomo iqhume lapho ifa ibhajwe emabhishi.
Okubonakalisa leli qembu yizingcwecwe zentshebe ezinazo esikhundleni samazinyo, ezizisebenzisela ukudla. Lapho umkhoma uluma emanzini agcwele inyamazane, uzivalela umlomo bese kuthi ngolimi, awakhiphele ngaphandle, kuphoqe ukuthi adlule phakathi kwezintshebe zakhe bese eshiya ukudla kubhajwe. Bese kuthi ngolimi lwakhe acoshe konke ukudla agwinye.
Iningi linempunga emnyama ngemuva futhi imhlophe esiswini, ngakho-ke zingabonakali kukholamu lamanzi. Azikho izinhlobo zemikhomo emhlophe, yi-beluga kuphela (I-Delphinapterus leucas), okungeyona i-whale, kodwa ihlengethwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhomo ihlukaniswa ngemindeni emine, inezinhlobo eziyi-15 sezizonke, esizobona ezigabeni ezilandelayo.
Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini weBalaenidae
Umndeni we-balenid wakhiwe yizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene eziphilayo, isigaba UBalaena nobulili U-Eubalaena, nangezinhlobo ezintathu noma ezine, kuya ngokuthi sincike ezifundweni ze-morphological noma ze-molecular.
Lo mndeni uhlanganisa i- izinhlobo ezincelisayo zesikhathi eside. Babonakala ngokuba nomhlathi ophansi kakhulu obheke ngaphandle, obanikeza lokhu kubonakala okuhle. Azinawo amafolda ngaphansi kwemilomo yazo ukuthi anganwebeka lapho zondla, ngakho-ke ukuma kwemihlathi yazo yikona okubavumela ukuba bathathe amanzi amaningi ngokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qembu lezilwane alinayo i-dorsal fin. Luhlobo lomkhomo oluncane, olulinganisa amamitha ayi-15 kuya kwayi-17, futhi lubhukuda kancane.
THE umkhomo we-greenland (I-Balaena mysticetus), okuwukuphela kohlobo lohlobo lwayo, olungesinye sezisongelwa kakhulu ngokukhishwa kwemikhomo, kusengozini yokuqothulwa ngokwe-IUCN, kodwa kuphela ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweGreenland [1]. Emhlabeni wonke, akukho okubakhathazayo, ngakho iNorway neJapan bayaqhubeka nokuzingela. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi yisilwane esincelisayo eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esesiphile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yeplanethi, sithola i- umkhomo waseningizimu kwesokudla (U-Eubalaena Australis), Olunye lwezinhlobo zemikhomo eChile, iqiniso elibalulekile ngoba kulapha ukuthi, ngonyaka we-2008, isimemezelo sabamemezela njengesikhumbuzo semvelo, simemezela ukuthi lesi sifunda "siyindawo ekhululekile yokushaywa komkhomo". Kubukeka sengathi kulesi sifunda ubuningi balezi zinhlobo buthuthukile ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kokuzingelwa, kepha ukufa okuvela ekubanjweni ngamanethi okudoba kuyaqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakazelwe ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva ama-Dominican Seagulls (i-larus dominicanus) bandise inani labo labantu futhi, bengakwazi ukuthola izinsiza zokudla, badla isikhumba emhlane wemikhomo emincane noma emincane, abaningi befa ngamanxeba abo.
Enyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean nase-Arctic ihlala eNyakatho ye-Atlantic Right Whale noma umkhomo we-basque (I-Eubalaena glacialis), ethola igama layo ngoba amaBasque ayekade engabazingeli abaphambili balesi silwane, ebaletha ekuqothulweni.
Izinhlobo zokugcina zalo mndeni yi Umkhomo ongakwesokudla wasePacific (Eubalaena japonica), icishe yaphela ngenxa yokushaywa ngumkhoma ngokungemthetho wumbuso waseSoviet.
Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini weBalaenopteridae
Wena i-balenoptera noma i-rorquais ziwumndeni wemikhomo owadalwa isazi sezilwane esiNgilandi eBritish Museum of Natural History ngo-1864. Igama elithi rorqual lisuselwa kwelaseNorway futhi lisho ukuthi "grooved in the throat". Lesi yisici esihlukanisayo salolu hlobo lomkhomo. Emhlathini ongezansi anezindwangu ezithile ezandayo lapho zithatha amanzi okudla, zivumela ukuthi zithathe inani elikhulu ngasikhathi sinye; kungasebenza ngokufana nokukhasa okutholwa ezinye izinyoni ezinjengama-pelican. Inani nobude bamafolda kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo oluthile kolunye. Wena izilwane ezinkulu ezaziwayo ungowaleli qembu. Ubude bayo buhluka phakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30.
Ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni sithola izinhlobo ezimbili: uhlobo Balaenoptera, nezinhlobo ezi-7 noma ezi-8 nohlobo lohlobo IMegapter, enohlobo olulodwa kuphela, i umkhomo (Megaptera novaeangliae). Lo mkhomo yisilwane esihlanganisa amazwe amaningi, esikhona cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle nolwandle. Izindawo zabo zokuzalela ngamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho bethutha khona emanzini abandayo. Kanye neNorth Atlantic Right Whale (i-Eubalaena glacialis), ivame ukubambeka emanetheni okudoba. Qaphela ukuthi imikhomo i-humpback ivunyelwe kuphela ukuzingelwa eGreenland, lapho kungazingelwa kufika ku-10 ngonyaka, kanti esiqhingini saseBequia, 4 ngonyaka.
Iqiniso lokuthi kunezinhlobo eziyisi-7 noma ezi-8 kulo mndeni kungenxa yokuthi akukacaci ukuthi ngabe izinhlobo ezi-rorqual ezishisayo kufanele zehlukaniswe kabili. Balaenoptera eden futhi Balaenoptera brydei. Lo mkhomo ubonakala ngokuba nama-cranial crests amathathu. Zingaba ngamamitha ayi-12 ubude bese zikala amakhilogremu ayi-12,000.
Olunye lwezinhlobo zemikhomo eMedithera yi-Fin Whale (I-Balaenoptera physalus). Ungumkhomo wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva komkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (I-Balaenoptera musculus), efinyelela kumamitha angama-24 ubude. Lo mkhoma kulula ukuhlukanisa eMedithera nezinye izinhlobo zama-cetaceans njenge-sperm whale (Umzimba we-macrocephalus), ngoba lapho itshuza ayikhombisi umsila wayo ekugcineni, njengoba kwenza owokugcina.
Ezinye izinhlobo zemikhomo kulo mndeni zikhona
- I-Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
- Umkhomo Omncane (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
- I-Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
- I-Umura Whale (Balaenoptera omurai)
Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini wakwaCetotheriidae
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule bekukholelwa ukuthi iCetotheriidae ibisishabalele ePleistocene yokuqala, yize izifundo zakamuva ze IRoyal Society banqume ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziphilayo zalo mndeni, i i-pygmy whale yangakwesokudla (ICaperea marginata).
Le mikhomo ihlala eningizimu yezwe, ezindaweni ezinamanzi apholile. Kukhona okumbalwa okubonwayo kwalolu hlobo, imininingwane eminingi ivela kokuthwebula okwedlule eSoviet Union noma ekuthambekeni komhlaba. Ingabe imikhomo emincane kakhulu, cishe amamitha ayi-6.5 ubude, ayinayo imigoqo yomphimbo, ngakho ukubukeka kwayo kuyefana nokwemikhomo yomndeni wakwaBalaenidae. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinamaphiko amafushane wokuqamba, ethula ekwakhiweni kwethambo lawo iminwe emi-4 kuphela esikhundleni se-5.
Izinhlobo zomkhomo emndenini wakwa-Eschrichtiidae
I-Eschrichtiidae imelwe luhlobo olulodwa, i- umkhomo ompunga (U-Eschrichtius robustus). Lo mkhomo ubonakala ngokungabi nesiphetho sangemuva futhi esikhundleni salokho unezinhlobo ezithile zama-humps amancane. yiba ne- ubuso obungu-arched, ngokungafani neminye imikhomo enobuso obuqondile. Amapuleti abo esilevu amafushane kunezinye izinhlobo zemikhomo.
Umkhomo ompunga ungenye yezinhlobo zemikhomo eMexico. Bahlala kuleyo ndawo baya eJapan, lapho bangazingelwa khona ngokusemthethweni. Le mikhomo iphakela ezansi nolwandle, kepha eshalofini lezwekazi, ngakho-ke ijwayele ukuhlala eduze nogu.
Izinhlobo Zemikhomo Esengozini
I-International Whaling Commission (IWC) yinhlangano ezalwe ngonyaka we-1942 ukulawula kanye vimbela ukuzingelwa kwemikhomo. Naphezu kwemizamo eyenziwe, futhi yize isimo sezinhlobo eziningi sithuthukile, i-whaling iyaqhubeka nokuba ngesinye sezimbangela ezinkulu zokunyamalala kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle.
Ezinye izinkinga zifaka ukushayisana nemikhumbi emikhulu, iziza zengozi ku-r.amanetha okudoba, ukungcoliswa ngu I-DDT (isibulala-zinambuzane), ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye ncibilikisa, ebulala abantu abaningi be-krill, ukudla okuyinhloko kwemikhomo eminingi.
Izinhlobo ezisongelwa njengamanje noma ezisongelwa kakhulu yilezi:
- I-Blue Whale (I-Balaenoptera musculus)
- Ukwanda Komkhomo Weningizimu Kwesokudla kweChile-Peru (U-Eubalaena Australis)
- I-North Atlantic Right Whale (I-Eubalaena glacialis)
- Ukwanda kwe-oceanic kwemikhomo ye-humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae)
- Umkhomo weTropical eGulf of Mexico (Balaenoptera eden)
- I-Antarctic Blue Whale (I-Balaenoptera musculus Intermedia)
- Umkhomo Ngiyazi (I-Balaenoptera borealis)
- Umkhomo ompunga (U-Eschrichtius robustus)
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo Zemikhomo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.