Izinhlobo ze-Flying Dinosaurs - Amagama nezithombe

Umlobi: Peter Berry
Usuku Lokudalwa: 18 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 14 Unovemba 2024
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-Delile

Ama-dinosaurs kwakuyizilwane ezivelele ngesikhathi seMesozoic. Ngokuhamba kwalesi sikhathi, baye bahlukahluka kakhulu futhi basakazeka kuyo yonke iplanethi. Abanye babo babenesibindi sokwenza ikoloni umoya, kwaveza okwehlukile izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo futhi ekugcineni izinyoni.

Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezindizayo ezinkulu ezivame ukubizwa ngama-dinosaurs akuzona izibankwakazi empeleni, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo. Ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe? Ungaphuthelwa le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal ngezinhlobo ezindizayo zama-dinosaur: amagama nezithombe.

Amakilasi we-Flying Dinosaur

Ngesikhathi seMesozoic, izinhlobo eziningi zama-dinosaurs zagcwala yonke iplanethi, zaba ama-vertebrate amakhulu. Singazihlukanisa lezi zilwane ngama-oda amabili:


  • Ama-Ornithischians(Ornitischia): aziwa njengama-dinosaurs "anenyonga yezinyoni", ngoba igatsha le-pubic lesakhiwo sabo se-pelvic lalibheke ohlangothini lwe-caudal (ngasemsileni), njengoba kwenzeka ezinyonini zanamuhla. La ma-dinosaurs ayengama-herbivores futhi amaningi kakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo bekugcwele umhlaba wonke, kepha banyamalale emngceleni ophakathi kweCretaceous neTertiary.
  • AmaSaurischians(ISaurischia): ingabe ama-dinosaurs ane "hips lizard". Igatsha le-pubic lama-saurischians lalinesimo se-cranial, njengoba kwenzeka ezihuquzelayo zanamuhla. Leli oda lifaka zonke izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs adla inyama kanye nezinhlobo eziningi ezidla imfuyo. Yize iningi labo lanyamalala emngceleni weCretaceous-Tertiary, abambalwa basinda: izinyoni noma ama-dinosaurs endizayo.

Faka le ndatshana ukuze ufunde ukuthi ama-dinosaurs aqothuka kanjani.


Izici ze-Flying Dinosaurs

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla endiza kuma-dinosaurs kwakuyinqubo ehamba kancane lapho kuvela khona izinyoni zanamuhla. Ngokulandelana kokubukeka, lezi yizici zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo:

  • iminwe emithathu: Izandla ezineminwe emithathu kuphela esebenzayo namathambo womoya, alula kakhulu. Lezi zinsizakusebenza zavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-230 edlule, ku-suborder Theropoda.
  • izibambo ezijikayo: sibonga ithambo elimise okwenyanga. Eyaziwayo I-Velociraptor lalinalesi sici, esasilivumela ukuthi lizingele inyamazane ngokuswayipha kwengalo.
  • Izimpaphe (nokuningi): ukuguqulwa kozwane lokuqala, izingalo ezinde, inani elincishisiwe lama-vertebrae, umsila omfushane nokubukeka kwezimpaphe. Abamele lesi sigaba bangakhuphuka mhlawumbe mhlawumbe beshaye amaphiko abo ukuze babaleke ngokushesha.
  • ithambo le-coracoid: ukuvela kwethambo le-coracoid (ukujoyina ihlombe ku-thorax), i-vertebrae ye-caudal yahlangana yakha umsila wenyoni, noma i-pygostyle, nezinyawo zangaphambi kokuqina. Ama-dinosaurs ayenezi zici ayengama-arboreal futhi ayenamaphiko amakhulu okundiza.
  • alula bone: ukuvela kwe-alula, ithambo elivela ekuhlanganisweni kweminwe engezansi. Leli thambo lithuthukise ukuhamba ngesikhathi sendiza.
  • Umsila omfushane, emuva kanye ne-sternum: ukunciphisa umsila nokubuyela emuva, ne-keeled sternum. Lezi yizici eziholele ekubalekeni kwezinyoni kwanamuhla.

Izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo

Ama-dinosaurs ezindizayo afake futhi afaka (kulokhu, izinyoni) izilwane ezidlayo, kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zama-dinosaurs adla ukudla okunomsoco futhi omnivorous. Manje njengoba usuyazi izici, kancane kancane, ezaveza izinyoni, ake sibone ezinye izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo noma izinyoni zakudala:


I-Archeopteryx

Uhlobo lwe izinyoni ezindala owayehlala ngesikhathi se-Upper Jurassic, eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyi-150 edlule. Babhekwa njenge- ifomu lokuguquka phakathi kwama-dinosaurs angakwazi ukundiza nezinyoni zanamuhla. Babengekho ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha ubude, futhi amaphiko abo ayemade futhi enezimpaphe. Kodwa-ke, kunenkolelo yokuthi bekwazi ukundiza kuphela futhi kungenzeka ukuthi babengabagibeli bezihlahla.

Iberosomesornis

Eyodwa idayinaso endizayo owayehlala ngesikhathi seCretaceous, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-125 edlule. Yayingadluli amasentimitha ayi-15 ubude, yayinezinyawo zangaphambi kokuqina, i-pygostyle nama-coracoids. Izinsalela zayo zatholakala eSpain.

Ichthyornis

Kwakungenye yokuqala izinyoni ezinamazinyo okutholakele, futhi uCharles Darwin wakuthatha njengobunye bobufakazi obedlula bonke benkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lezi zibankwakazi ezindizayo zaziphila eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-90 edlule, futhi zazingamasentimitha angaba ngu-43 kubude bephiko. Ngaphandle, zazifana kakhulu nezinhlanzi zasolwandle zanamuhla.

Umehluko phakathi kwama-dinosaurs nama-pterosaurs

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izinhlobo ze-dinosaur ezindizayo zazingahlangene nakancane nokuthi ucabangani. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu ezindizayo kusukela kumaMesozoic kwakungewona ama-dinosaurs ngempela kodwa ama-pterosaurs, kepha ngani? Lokhu ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili:

  • amaphiko: amaphiko ama-pterosaurs kwakungukunwetshwa kolwelwesi olwaxhumanisa umunwe walo wesine nezitho zalo zangemuva. Kodwa-ke, izimpiko zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo noma izinyoni yimilenze yangaphambilini eguquliwe, okusho ukuthi bangamathambo.
  • iziphetho: AmaDinosaurs ayenemilenze etholakala ngaphansi kwemizimba yawo, esekela isisindo sawo esigcwele futhi ebavumela ukuthi balondoloze ukuma okuqinile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ama-pterosaurs ayenezitho zomzimba zabo zaziswa kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba. Lo mehluko ubangelwa ukuthi i-pelvis ihluke kakhulu eqenjini ngalinye.

Izinhlobo zePterosaurs

Ama-Pterosaurs, ngephutha abizwa ngokuthi ama-dinosaurs endizayo, empeleni ayengolunye uhlobo lwesirhubuluzi esasihlala nama-dinosaurs wangempela ngesikhathi seMesozoic. Njengoba imindeni eminingi yama-pterosaur yaziwa, sizobheka nje ezinye izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu:

Ama-Pterodactyls

Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo yi-pterodactyls (Pterodactylus), uhlobo lwe ama-pterosaurs adlayo ezondla izilwane ezincane. Njengama-pterosaurs amaningi, ama-pterodactyls ayenawo isibanda ekhanda lokho mhlawumbe kwakuyisimangalo socansi.

I-Quetzalcoatlus

okukhulu kakhulu I-Quetzalcoatlus uhlobo lwe-pterosaurs lomndeni wakwa-Azhdarchidae. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa i- Izinhlobo Ezaziwa Kakhulu Zokundiza "AmaDinosaurs".

Wena I-Quetzalcoatlus, owethiwa ngegama likankulunkulu wama-Aztec, wayengafinyelela ebangeni elingamaphiko elingamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-11 futhi kungenzeka babe yizilwane ezidlayo. kukholakala ukuthi zazikhona ivumelaniswe nempilo yasemhlabeni kanye ne-locomotion ye-quadrupedal.

URhamphorhynchus

I-ranphorrhine yayiyi-pterosaur encane kakhulu, enamaphiko angaba amamitha ayisithupha. Igama lalo lisho ukuthi "impumulo enomlomo", futhi kungenxa yokuthi ine- impumulo ephela ngoqhwaku ngamazinyo esihlokweni. Yize isici sayo esasigqame kakhulu ngokungangabazeki sasinomsila omude, ovame ukuvezwa kumabhayisikobho.

Ezinye izibonelo zama-pterosaurs

Ezinye izinhlobo "zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo" zifaka lo mkhakha olandelayo:

  • I-Preondactylus
  • I-Dimorphodon
  • I-Campylognathoides
  • Anurognathus
  • I-Pteranodon
  • I-Arambourgian
  • Nyctosaurus
  • ludodactylus
  • I-Mesadactylus
  • AmaSordes
  • I-Ardeadactylus
  • I-Campylognathoides

Manje njengoba wazi zonke izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo laphaya, ungahle ube nentshisekelo kule enye i-athikili yezilwane zasePerito emayelana nezilwane zasolwandle zangaphambi komlando.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo ze-Flying Dinosaurs - Amagama nezithombe, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.