-Delile
- Izici Zempisi
- izinhlobo zezimpisi
- Impisi Empunga (Canis lupus)
- Impisi yase-Iberia (Canis lupus signatus)
- Impisi yase-Arctic (Canus lupus arctos)
- Impisi yase-Arabia (Canis lupus arabs)
- impisi emnyama
- Impisi YaseYurophu (Canis lupus lupus)
- Impisi iTundra (Canis lupus albus)
- Impisi yaseMexico (Canis lupus baileyi)
- UBaffin Wolf (Canis lupus manningi)
- I-Yukon Wolf (Canis lupus pambasileus)
- I-Dingo (Canis lupus dingo)
- Impisi yaseVancouver (Canis lupus crassodon)
- I-Western Wolf (i-Canis lupus occidentalis)
- Impisi Ebomvu (Canis rufus)
- Impisi yase-Ethiopia (Canis simensis)
- I-African Golden Wolf (i-Canis anthus)
- Impisi YaseNdiya (Canis indica)
- Impisi yaseMpumalanga Canada (Canis lycaon)
- Impisi yaseHimalaya (Canis himalayensis)
- Inja yasekhaya (Canis lupus familiaris)
Impisi yisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama, esivame ukubhekwa njengesihlobo senja yasekhaya (I-Canis lupus familiaris), ngaphandle kokwehluka okusobala ngosayizi nokuziphatha.
Ubuwazi ukuthi kunokwehluka izinhlobo zezimpisi, ngayinye inezici zayo? Lezi zinhlobo zisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, iningi lazo zihlala endaweni ephezulu kakhulu ochungechungeni lokudla. Uma unesifiso sokwazi ezahlukahlukene izinhlobo zezimpisi ezikhona, ungaphuthelwa le ndatshana evela kuPeritoAnimal. Qhubeka ufunde!
Izici Zempisi
Impisi ibikhona eMhlabeni cishe iminyaka engama-800,000. Ngaleso sikhathi, zazisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke umhlaba, kubandakanya iMelika, i-Asia neYurophu. Namuhla, nokho, lokho sekuguqukile. Zihlalaphi izimpisi? Kakhulu e-United States kanye nengxenye ye-Europe, ikakhulukazi endaweni engeye-Russia, futhi bahlala emaphaketheni.
Phakathi kwezici zezimpisi kubonakala ukufana kwazo nezinja ezifuywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zifinyelela isisindo phakathi kwama-40 no-80 kilos, kuya ngohlobo lwempisi, futhi unomzimba omkhulu onemilenze eqinile, enemisipha, ehambisana nomhlathi onamandla onamazinyo abukhali.
impisi iyazala finyelela isivinini esiphakathi kuka-10 no-65 km / h, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukwenza ukweqa okukhulu, okudingekayo ukunqoba indawo esezintabeni nokubamba inyamazane yabo. Inzwa yakho yokuhogela ithuthukiswe kakhulu, futhi amehlo akho anamandla okubona ebumnyameni ngoba anakho i-tapetum lucidumulwelwesi olukwazi ukuhlunga ukukhanya okuncane okukhona ezindaweni ezimnyama.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- ijazi wezimpisi kuyinto obukhulu, obukhulu futhi obunzima. Ngale ndlela, ibavikela ezimweni ezimbi kanye nasekungcoleni, ngaphezu kokuwagcina efudumele ngesikhathi seqhwa futhi esebenza njengesifihla.
Lezi ngezinye zezici zezimpisi. Okulandelayo, sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhlukile impisi iyazala lokho kukhona.
izinhlobo zezimpisi
Kunezinhlobo nezinhlobo eziningana zezimpisi ezisatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, kepha zingaki izinhlobo zezimpisi ezikhona? Sizokutshela ngokulandelayo.
Ku- ubulili AmaKennels, zibhalisiwe Izinhlobo ezi-16 ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwabo izibaya lupus. Le nhlobo, nayo, iqopha izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwama-37 ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isiphambano phakathi kwenja yasekhaya nempisi empunga. Kukhona futhi i- AmaKennels mesomelas elongae, ama-subspecies ezinhlobo amakhemeli mesomeles, ezingezona izimpisi kodwa izimpungushe, kanye I-Canis simensis, naye oyi-coyote.
Manje, njengoba kungezona zonke izinhlobo ezibhalisiwe kuhlobo lohlobo AmaKennels izimpisi, zingaki izinhlobo zezimpisi ezikhona? Ngokusho kwezinhlangano ezisemthethweni, kwenziwa izifundo ezahlukahlukene[1][2] futhi njengoba imininingwane ehlanganyelwe ye-toxicogenomics (CTD) ikhombisa, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zehlukile izinhlobo zempisi akhona, ngaphakathi kwawo kunezinhlayiya ezihlukile:
- Izindlwana zika-Anthus
- UKennels uyakhombisa
- Izindlwana ze-lycaon
- abakwaKennels himalayensis
- izibaya lupus
- izinja rufus
Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezithandwayo nezinhlobo ezincanyana.
Impisi Empunga (Canis lupus)
O izibaya lupus noma Impisi empunga uhlobo lwe-canine edlayo lapho kuvela khona izinhlobo eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba ezakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpisi. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi kufayela le- I-U.S, lapho ingesinye sezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye.
Lezi zinhlobo zibonakaliswa ngokuhlala emaphaketheni alawulwa ngaphansi kwesigaba sokuphatha senhlalo. Ngenxa yale nhlangano, bayazingela futhi bondle ndawonye. Lokhu kuziphatha, noma kunjalo, kwehlise kakhulu amathuba abo okuhlala kwezinye izindawo, njengoba lolu hlobo luyingozi emapulazini nasemfuyweni.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezulu kwezingu-10 ezimpunga, futhi sizokhuluma ngezinye zazo ngezansi.
Impisi yase-Iberia (Canis lupus signatus)
Impisi yase-Iberia (I-Canis lupus signatus) kuyinto izihlokwana ze Izindlwana zeLupus, kutholakala eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia. Kubonakala ngokufinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-50 bese wethula ijazi elihlukile: nsundu noma beige esiswini, emnyama ngemuva nangamapheshi akhanyayo ukusuka maphakathi nomzimba kuya emsileni.
I-Iberia ingenye ye- izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zempisi eSpain. Ukudla kwayo okudlayo kuqukethe ukuzingela izimvu, onogwaja, izingulube zasendle, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinye izinyoni, ngaphezu kwengxenye encane (5%) yokudla kwezitshalo.
Impisi yase-Arctic (Canus lupus arctos)
O I-Canus lupus arctos, noma impisi yase-Arctic, uhlobo oluthile uhlala eCanada kuphela kanye ne- IGreenland. Usayizi wazo mncane kunezinye izimpisi futhi, ezimweni eziningi, anesisindo esingaba ngamakhilogremu angama-45. Njengendlela yokuzijwayeza indawo ebandayo echitha kuyo impilo yayo, lolu hlobo lwempisi lunengubo emhlophe noma ekhanyayo ephuzi, evumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuzifihla kalula eqhweni. Lokhu futhi izihlokwana ze izibaya lupus.
Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuhlala emihumeni enamadwala futhi zondle ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezitholakala ezindaweni zase-Arctic, njenge-moose, izinkabi kanye ne-caribou, ngaphezu kwezimpawu zokuzingela kanye nama-partridges.
Impisi yase-Arabia (Canis lupus arabs)
Enye yezinhlobo zempisi impisi yase-Arabia (amaKennels lupus arabs), okubuye kube yi-subspecies yempisi empunga, futhi eyi- isatshalaliswa iNhlonhlo YaseSinayi futhi emazweni amaningana we Emaphakathi Mpumalanga. Yimpisi encane yasogwadule njengoba inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-20 kuphela futhi idla izidumbu nezilwane ezincane ezinjengamahares.
Ngokungafani nokwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zezimpisi, i-Arab ayikhali noma ihlala ngamaphakethe. Uboya babo bube nsundu ngombala onsundu, womabili amathoni akhanyayo ukuvumela ukufihla okungcono esihlabathini nasezindaweni ezinamadwala lapho behlala khona.
impisi emnyama
impisi emnyama ilungile ukwehluka kwengubo yempisi empunga (izibaya lupus), okungukuthi, akuyona i-subspecies ye-oda lezimpisi. Njengempisi empunga, impisi emnyama isatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia naseYurophu.
Lokhu kwehluka kwengubo kungenxa ye- ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo lokho kwenzeka esiphambanweni phakathi kwezinja ezifuywayo nezimpisi zasendle. Esikhathini esedlule, noma kunjalo, kwakukhona impisi emnyama yaseFlorida (I-Canis lupus floridanus), kepha kwathiwa akasekho ngo-1908.
Impisi YaseYurophu (Canis lupus lupus)
O isibaya lupus lupus kungama-subspecies asakazeke kakhulu empisi empunga ekhona. lolu hlobo lwempisi ihlala engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu, kodwa nezindawo ezinkulu zase-Asia ezifana neChina. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zaseYurophu, kunjalo enye yezinkulu kakhulu, njengoba inesisindo esiphakathi kwama-40 no-70 kilos. Ijazi layo yingubo eyimpunga eyaziwayo enesisu esinombala okhilimu.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwayo, impisi yaseYurophu iyisilwane esidla inyama yezinyoni, izinyamazane, izinyamazane, izinyamazane, izimbuzi nezingulube zasendle.
Impisi iTundra (Canis lupus albus)
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezimpisi ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo yi isibaya lupus lupus noma impisi ye-tundra. uhlala I-tundra yaseRussia kanye nesifunda saseSiberia kuze kufike eScandinavia. Inesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-50 futhi inengubo ende, enesiponji evumela ukuthi iphile esimweni sezulu esiqandayo.
Impisi ye-tundra izondla ngama-reindeer, hares nezimpungushe ze-arctic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyizinhlobo eziyimizulane ezihamba zilandela ukuhamba kwezilwane eziyingxenye yokudla kwazo.
Impisi yaseMexico (Canis lupus baileyi)
Olunye uhlobo lwempisi i- Canis lupus baileyi, ama-subspecies ahlala ku- i-America esenyakatho, lapho ethanda ukuhlala khona ezingwadule nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezipholile. Inesisindo esifinyelela ku-45 kilos kanti ijazi layo linemibala eminingana, okukhona phakathi kwalo ukhilimu, ophuzi nomnyama.
Izinhlobo zondla izinkomo, amahare, izimvu namagundane. Ngenxa yokuthi zihlasela izinkomo, lezi zimpisi zazishushiswa futhi namuhla, ziyabhekwa zingasekho emvelweni, noma kunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezihloselwe ukukhiqizwa kabusha ekuthunjweni.
UBaffin Wolf (Canis lupus manningi)
Impisi Yabaffin (I-Canis lupus manningii-subspecies engajwayelekile ehlala kuphela ku- Isiqhingi saseBaffin, eCanada. Uboya nobukhulu bayo buyafana nobempisi yase-Arctic. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngalezi zinhlobo, kepha kudla izimpungushe nezidleke.
I-Yukon Wolf (Canis lupus pambasileus)
Enye yezinhlobo zempisi I-Canis lupus pambasileus, obizwa nangokuthi wolf-of-yukón noma Impisi emnyama yase-Alaska. Ihlala eYukón, isifundazwe esise-Alaska esiyinika igama laso. Kuphakathi kwayo izimpisi ezinkulu emhlabeni, eza ku isisindo kuze kufike kuma-70 kilos.
Kubonakala ngejazi elihlanganisa imibala ehlukene, kusuka kokumhlophe, mpunga, beige nokumnyama, imibala esatshalaliswa ngendlela engahlelekile emzimbeni.
I-Dingo (Canis lupus dingo)
Idingo (Izindlwana zamaLupus dingo) izinhlobonhlobo ezisatshalaliswa ngu Australia nezinye izindawo zase-Asia. Kuyimpisi encane, enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-32 kuphela, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuvame ukubhekwa njengenja futhi kwamukelwe njengesilwane esifuywayo.
Ibhantshi likadingo linombala ofanayo ohluka phakathi kokubomvu nokuphuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola abantu abane-albinism.
Impisi yaseVancouver (Canis lupus crassodon)
O I-Canis lupus crassodon é kutholakala eVancouver Island, eCanada. Njengempisi yase-Arctic, inengubo emhlophe evumela ukuthi ikwazi ukuzifihla emvelweni. Yize kunolwazi oluncane ngalenhlobo yempisi, kuyaziwa ukuthi ihlala emaphaketheni afinyelela kubantu abangama-35 futhi kuyaqabukela isondela ezindaweni ezihlala abantu.
I-Western Wolf (i-Canis lupus occidentalis)
Impisi yasentshonalanga (I-Canis lupus occidentalis) uhlala ogwini lolwandle i-Arctic Glacial uye eMelika Ubumbano. Ngenye yezinkulu kakhulu izinhlobo zempisi, ifinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-85 ubude, yize inesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-45 kuya kwangama-50 kuphela.
Ngokuqondene nejazi, kungaba mnyama, mpunga noma nsundu ngomhlophe. Ukudla kwalo kuhlukahlukene, njengoba kudla izinkabi, izinyoni, izinhlanzi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyamazane nezinyamazane.
Impisi Ebomvu (Canis rufus)
Ukushiya eceleni ama-subspecies empisi empunga, ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zempisi sithola i- izinja rufus noma impisi ebomvu. Ihlala kuphela kwezinye izindawo ze- EMexico, e-United States naseCanada, ngoba in ingozi ebucayi yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuzingelwa kohlobo olusebenzisela ukudla, ukwethulwa kwezinhlobonhlobo endaweni yalo kanye nomphumela wokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo.
Impisi ebomvu ibonakala ngesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu angama-35 nokwethula ijazi elinamachashaza lapho kungenzeka khona ukubona izindawo ezibomvu, ezimpunga neziphuzi. Ziphila ngokudla izinyamazane, ama-raccoon namagundane.
Impisi yase-Ethiopia (Canis simensis)
Ebizwa nangokuthi i-Abyssinian, i- I-Canis simensis noma impisi yase-Ethiopia empeleni kuyimpungushe nomaimpunga, ngakho-ke, ayizibheki njengolunye lwezinhlobo zempisi. Ihlala kuphela amamitha ayi-3000 ezintabeni zase-Ethiopia. Inosayizi omncane, ofana nenja, enesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu ayi-10 nangu-20 kuphela. Futhi, uboya bayo bubomvu, bunamabala amhlophe ngaphansi kwentamo nomsila omnyama.
Bahlala emaphaketheni ahlelwe abaphathi. Njengamanje, usengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo ehlala kuyo nokuhlaselwa okutholayo kubantu ukuyigcina ikude nemfuyo.
I-African Golden Wolf (i-Canis anthus)
Impisi yegolide yase-Afrika (Izindlwana zika-Anthusuhlobo lwempisi olutholakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Le mpisi iguqulelwa isimo sezulu esiwugwadule, kepha incamela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinemithombo yamanzi eseduzane.
Ngokuqondene nezici zayo zomzimba, ubukhulu bayo buncane kunabo bezinye izimpisi. Inesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu ayi-15 futhi linengubo emnyama emhlane nasemsileni, nombala oyisihlabathi emilenzeni nasesiswini.
Impisi YaseNdiya (Canis indica)
Impisi yaseNdiya (UKennels uyakhombisa) isuka ku- I-Israel, iSaudi Arabia, iNdiya nePakistan, lapho ethanda ukuhlala khona ezindaweni ezingama-semi-desert. Kuyimpisi enokubukeka kwesitayela, njengoba inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-30 kuphela, nejazi elibomvu noma elinsundu ngokukhanyayo, elikuvumela ukuthi litholwe esihlabathini nasezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Lolu hlobo lwempisi ludla kakhulu izinkomo, yingakho selushushiswa eNdiya amakhulu eminyaka.
Impisi yaseMpumalanga Canada (Canis lycaon)
Olunye uhlobo lwempisi impisi yaseMpumalanga Canada (Izindlwana ze-lycaon), ini uhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada. Le mpisi inengubo eqinile, enezinwele ezinde ukhilimu omnyama nokukhanya, okusatshalaliswa ngendlela engahlelekile emzimbeni wonke.
Lezi zinhlobo zempisi zihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi eCanada, lapho zondla khona ama-vertebrate amancane futhi zihlala emaphaketheni. Kubuye kube yi- uhlobo lwemvelo olusengozini yokushabalala, ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo yokuhlala kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwabantu lokhu okukubangele emaphaketheni.
Impisi yaseHimalaya (Canis himalayensis)
Impisi yaseHimalaya (abakwaKennels himalayensis) é kusuka eNepal naseNyakatho India. Bahlala emiphakathini emincane futhi njengamanje kunenani elincane labantu abadala.
Ngokuphathelene nokubukeka kwayo, kuyimpisi encane, ezacile. Ijazi layo linzima futhi linezinto ezikhanyayo ezinombala onsundu, ompunga nokhilimu.
Inja yasekhaya (Canis lupus familiaris)
Inja yasekhaya (I-Canis lupus familiaris) ingenye yezilwane ezisakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni futhi iphakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo eziyizintandokazi. Izici zabo zomzimba ziyehluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezaziwayo ezikhona, ezinomehluko omkhulu ngosayizi, umbala nohlobo lwejazi, ubuntu nokulindela impilo, phakathi kokunye.
inja yasekhaya i-subspecies ehlukile. Emsukeni wayo, imibono yamuva nje isikisela ukuthi inja, njengoba yaziwa namuhla, ingumphumela weziphambano phakathi kwezimpisi zedingo, izimpisi zebasenji nezimpungushe. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni eyi-14,900 eyedlule, amanani egazi ezinja nezimpisi ahlukana, yize kwaziwa ukuthi babelana nokhokho oyedwa. Kusukela kulokhu kwehlukaniswa, uhlobo ngalunye lwakhula ngendlela ehlukile, futhi inja ingahle ifuywe.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo zezimpisi nezici zazo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.