Isifo sofuba Senkomo - Izimbangela Nezimpawu

-Delile

• Yini isifo sofuba sezinkomo
• Usuleleka kanjani isifo sofuba sezinkomo
• Izimbangela zesifo sofuba sezinkomo
• Izigaba zesifo sofuba sezinkomo
• Isigaba esiyinhloko sesifo sofuba sezinkomo
• Isigaba se-post-primary
• Izimpawu zesifo sofuba sezinkomo
• Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba sezinkomo
• ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba

Isifo sofuba yisifo esingelapheki futhi esihamba kancane esingathinta izinkomo futhi sibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomphakathi, njengoba iyi-zoonosis, okusho ukuthi amandla okudlulisela kubantu. Izimpawu ikakhulu ziphefumula futhi ziyisici senqubo ye-pneumonic, yize kungabonakala nezimpawu zokugaya ukudla. Ama-bacterium anomthwalo wemfanelo angaphansi kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi se- Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium futhi ingathinta izilwane eziningi, ikakhulukazi ama-ruminants, ama-herbivores kanye nezinye izidliwayo.

Qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal ukwazi konke mayelana isifo sofuba sezinkomo - izimbangela nezimpawu, iqukethe ini, idluliselwa kanjani nokunye okuningi.

Yini isifo sofuba sezinkomo

Isifo sofuba sesibeletho a izifo ezingamagciwane ezithathelwanayo ezingalapheki izimpawu zazo ezithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuvela. Igama layo livela ezilondeni ezibangelwa yizinkomo ezibangelwa izinkomo ezithintekile, ezibizwa ngokuthi "izilimo eziyizigaxa", emaphashini nakuma-lymph node. Ngaphezu kwezinkomo, izimbuzi, izinyamazane, amakamela noma izingulube zasendle, phakathi kokunye, nakho kungathinteka.

Usuleleka kanjani isifo sofuba sezinkomo

Lesi sifo yi-zoonosis, okusho ukuthi isifo sofuba sezinkomo singadluliselwa kubantu ngama-aerosols noma ngokufaka imikhiqizo yobisi engcolile noma engahlanzekile. Ingabe isifo esinesaziso esiyimpoqo kwinsizakalo yezilwane esemthethweni, ngokwemigomo yoMnyango Wezolimo, Imfuyo kanye Nokunikezela, kanye naku-World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), ngaphezu kwesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu ezinkomeni.

Izimbangela zesifo sofuba sezinkomo

Isifo sofuba senkomo sibangelwa i i-bacillus yebhaktheriya kusuka ku-complex ye Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium, ikakhulukazi i- I-Mycobacterium bovis, kodwa futhi I-Mycobacterium thandiwe nomaI-Mycobacterium isifo sofuba kancane kakhulu. Zinezici ezifanayo kakhulu ze-epidemiological, pathological and ecological.

Izilwane zasendle ezifana nezingulube zasendle zingasebenza njenge izikhulisi zamagciwane futhi njengomthombo wokutheleleka komshini wasekhaya.

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokuhogela ama-aerosols okuphefumula, yi izimfihlo (umchamo, isidoda, igazi, amathe noma ubisi) noma ukumunca amafomite awuthwele.

Izigaba zesifo sofuba sezinkomo

Ngemuva kokutheleleka, kunesigaba sokuqala kanye nesigaba sangaphambi kweprayimari.

Isigaba esiyinhloko sesifo sofuba sezinkomo

Lesi sigaba sivela ekutheleleni kuze kube kuviki elilodwa noma amabili lapho kuqala amasosha omzimba. Kuleli qophelo, lapho amabhaktheriya efinyelela emaphashini noma kuma-lymph node, ama-cytokines aqala ngamaseli we-dendritic aheha ama-macrophage ukuzama ukubulala amabhaktheriya. Ama-lymphocyte e-cytotoxic T okubulala abe esevela abulale i-macrophage nge-mycobacteria, okuholele kudoti kanye necrosis. Amasosha omzimba aqondisa ama-lymphocyte amaningi azungeze i-necrosis eba ngumoya wokuphotha, inamathele ndawonye, ​​yakhe i-granuloma enesifo.

Le nkinga eyinhloko ingaguqulela ku:

• Ukwelapha: imvamisa akuyona evame kakhulu.
• Ukusimamisa: kuvame kakhulu kubantu, ngokubalwa kwesilonda ukuvimbela i-mycobacterium ekuphunyukeni.
• Ukwenziwa kokuqala kwegazi: lapho kungekho gciwane. Lokhu kungashesha, kuvele isifo sofuba se-miliary, ngokwakhiwa kwama-granulomas amaningi anesifo nhlangothi zonke, amancane futhi afanayo. Uma kwenzeka kancane, kuvela izilonda ezingafani ngoba akuwona wonke ama-mycobacteria avela ngasikhathi sinye.

Isigaba se-post-primary

kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba athile, ngemuva kokuphinda kutholwe, kuqiniswe noma kwenziwe kusenesikhathi, lapho ibhaktheriya elibanga isifo sofuba lezinkomo lisakazekela ezicutshini eziseduze ngomzila we-lymphatic nangokuqhekeka kwamaqhuqhuva.

Izimpawu zesifo sofuba sezinkomo

Isifo sofuba singaba nenkambo subacute noma okungamahlalakhona, futhi kuthatha okungenani izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthi kuvele izimpawu zokuqala. Kwezinye izimo, ingahlala ingasebenzi isikhathi eside, kanti kokunye, izimpawu zingaholela ekufeni kwenkomo.

Wena izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zesifo sofuba sezinkomo yilezi:

• I-Anorexia.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo.
• Yehla ekukhiqizeni ubisi.
• Umkhuhlane okhulayo.
• Ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu, okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Amaphaphu ayakhala.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ubuhlungu ezimbanjeni.
• Uhudo.
• Ubuthakathaka.
• Usayizi owandisiwe wama-lymph node.
• Tachypnoea.
• i-necrosis enamacala izilonda ezinesifo sofuba, ngokuvumelana kwepasti nokuphuzi.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba sezinkomo

Ukuxilongwa kokuqashelwa kwesifo sofuba sezinkomo kusekelwe izimpawu zenkomo. Kodwa-ke, i-symptomatology ijwayelekile kakhulu futhi ibonisa izinqubo eziningana ezingathinta izinkomo, njenge:

• Izifo zomgudu wokuphefumula ezingenhla.
• Amathumba emaphaphu ngenxa yokuphefumula i-pneumonia.
• Isifo esithathelwanayo sezinkomo i-pleuropneumonia.
• Bovine leukosis.
• I-Actinobacillosis.
• Isisu.

Ngakho-ke, i-symptomatology ayisoze yaba ukuxilongwa okucacile. Lesi sakamuva sitholakala ngokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. O ukuxilongwa kwe-microbiological ingatholakala nge:

• I-Ziehl-Nelsen Stain: ngifuna i-mycobacteria kusampula ene-Ziehl-Nelsen staining ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kucace bha, kepha akuzweli, okukhombisa ukuthi uma i-mycobacteria ivela, singasho ukuthi inkomo inesifo sofuba, kodwa uma zingabonwa, ngeke sikwenze lokho.
• isiko lamagciwane: akuyona into ejwayelekile, njengokuhlola njengoba kuhamba kancane. Ukukhonjwa kwenziwa nge-PCR noma i-DNA probes.

Ngokulandelayo, i ukuxilongwa kwelabhoratri kuhlanganisa:

• Elisa engaqondile.
• U-Elisa ngemuva kwe-uberculinization.
• I-tuberculinization.
• Isivivinyo sokukhishwa kwe-Interferon-gamma (INF-y).

O ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculinization isivivinyo sikhonjisiwe ukusithola ngqo enkomeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe umjovo we-bovine tuberculin, okukhishwe amaprotheni we I-Mycobacterium bovis, ngesikhumba sefreyimu yentamo, nokukala ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemuva kwesiza somjovo ukushintsha ukushuba kwesibaya. Kususelwa ekuqhathaniseni ukushuba kwe-forceps endaweni, ngaphambi nangemva kokufaka isicelo kwamahora angama-72.Ukuhlolwa okuthola uhlobo lwe-IV hypersensitivity esilwaneni esingenwe yi-mycobacteria yesifo sofuba sezinkomo.

Ukuhlolwa kutholakala uma ubukhulu bukhulu kune-4 mm futhi uma inkomo inayo izimpawu zomtholampilo, kuyangabazeka uma ilinganiselwa phakathi kuka-2 no-4 mm ngaphandle kwezimpawu zomtholampilo, futhi iyimbi uma ingaphansi kuka-2 mm futhi ingenazo izimpawu.

Ngakho-ke, i- ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni yesifo sofuba sezinkomo siqukethe:

• Isiko nokuhlonza i-mycobacteria.
• I-tuberculinization.

ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba

Ukwelashwa akululeki. Kuyisifo esaziwayo. Ngeshwa, zonke izilwane ezifanele kufanele zigunyazwe.

Kukhona kuphela ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba somuntu, kanye nomuthi wokugoma. Ukuvikela okungcono kakhulu ukugwema ukuthola isifo sofuba lwezinkomo ubisi pasteurization yalezi zilwane ngaphambi kokuminza, kanye nokuphathwa nokulawulwa kahle kwezinkomo.

Ngaphezu kokulawulwa kwamapulazi, a uhlelo lokuthola isifo sofuba ngokuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokuxilongwa kanye nokuhlolwa kokulimala okubonakalayo esilaheni ukuze kuvinjelwe inyama yabo ukuthi ingangeni ochungechungeni lokudla.

Lo mbhalo wenzelwe imininingwane kuphela, kwaPeritoAnimal.com.br asikwazi ukunquma ukwelashwa kwezilwane noma ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxilongwa. Siphakamisa ukuthi uthathe isilwane sakho uye kudokotela wezilwane uma kungenzeka ukuthi unanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo noma ukungaphatheki kahle.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Isifo sofuba Senkomo - Izimbangela Nezimpawu, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu sezifo zegciwane.