Izilwane ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Umlobi: Peter Berry
Usuku Lokudalwa: 13 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 14 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
ukuphupha amanzi
Ividiyo: ukuphupha amanzi

-Delile

Ukuphefumula inqubo edingekayo yazo zonke izilwane. Ngayo, bamunca i-oxygen edingekayo ukuze umzimba wenze imisebenzi ebalulekile, futhi bakhiphe isikhutha esiningi emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, amaqembu ehlukene ezilwane asethuthukile izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukwenza lo msebenzi. Isibonelo, kunezilwane ezikwazi ukuphefumula ngesikhumba sazo, izigulisi noma amaphaphu.

Kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal, sikutshela ukuthi ini izilwane eziphefumula amaphaphu nokuthi bakwenza kanjani. Ukufunda okuhle!

Kwenzekani ekuphefumuleni kwamaphaphu ezilwaneni

Ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu yilokho okwenziwa ngamaphaphu. Kuyindlela yokuphefumula esetshenziswa ngabantu nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ngaphezu kwazo, kunamanye amaqembu ezilwane aphefumula ngamaphaphu awo. Izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane eziningi eziphila nasemanzini zisebenzisa lolu hlobo lokuphefumula. Kukhona nezinhlanzi eziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo!


Izigaba zokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Ukuphefumula ngamaphaphu kuvame ukuba nezigaba ezimbili:

  • Ukuhogela: okokuqala, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-inhalation, lapho umoya ungena khona emaphashini uvela ngaphandle, okungenzeka ngomlomo noma ngemigodi yamakhala.
  • Ukuphefumula: isigaba sesibili, esibizwa ngokuthi ukukhipha umoya, lapho kukhishwa khona umoya nemfucumfucu kusuka ephashini kuya ngaphandle.

Emaphashini kune-alveoli, okuyizigaxa ezincane kakhulu ezinodonga lwe-unicellular oluvumela i- ukudlula kusuka ku-oxygen kuya egazini. Lapho umoya ungena, amaphaphu ayavuvukala futhi ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka e-alveoli. Ngale ndlela, umoya-mpilo ungena egazini bese usatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu emzimbeni, bese kuthi i-carbon dioxide ishiye amaphaphu, athi kamuva adedele angene emkhathini lapho amaphaphu ekhululeka.


Ayini amaphaphu?

Kodwa liyini ngempela iphaphu? Amaphaphu ukungeniswa komzimba okuqukethe okuphakathi lapho kutholakala khona umoya-mpilo. Kusebusweni bamaphaphu lapho ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka khona. Amaphaphu imvamisa angamabili futhi ayasebenza ukuphefumula okubili: umoya uyangena futhi uphume ngeshubhu efanayo. Kuya ngohlobo lwesilwane nezici zaso, amaphaphu ayahluka ngobukhulu nangosayizi futhi ingaba neminye imisebenzi ehambisanayo.

Manje, kulula ukucabanga ngalolu hlobo lokuphefumula kubantu nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, kepha bewazi ukuthi kunamanye amaqembu ezilwane aphefumula ngamaphaphu awo? Ingabe ufisa ukwazi ukuthi ziyini? Qhubeka ufunda ukuthola!

Izilwane zasemanzini ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Izilwane zasemanzini ngokuvamile zithola umoya-mpilo ngokushintshaniswa kwegesi ngamanzi. Bangakwenza lokhu ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula okunqamulelayo (ngesikhumba) nokuphefumula kwe-branchial. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umoya unomoya-mpilo omningi kakhulu kunamanzi, izilwane eziningi zasemanzini zisungule i- ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu njengendlela ehambisanayo yokuthola umoya-mpilo emkhathini.


Ngaphezu kokuba yindlela esebenza kahle yokuthola umoya-mpilo, ezilwaneni zasemanzini amaphaphu nawo ayazisiza. entanta.

inhlanzi ephefumula amaphaphu

Yize kubonakala kungajwayelekile, kunezimo zezinhlanzi eziphefumula zisebenzisa amaphaphu azo, njengokulandelayo:

  • I-Bichir-de-cuvier (I-Polypterus senegalus)
  • IMarble lungfish (I-Protopterus aethiopicus)
  • Isi-Piramboia (Indida yeLepidosiren)
  • I-Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri)
  • I-African lungfish (I-Protopterus ixhuma)

Ama-amphibians aphefumula amaphaphu

Iningi lama-amphibians, njengoba sizobona kamuva, lichitha ingxenye yempilo yabo ngokuphefumula kwe-gill bese liba nokuphefumula kwamaphaphu. Abanye izibonelo zama-amphibians abaphefumula ngamaphaphu abo yilawa:

  • Toad Common (I-Owl spinosus)
  • Ixoxo lesihlahla sase-Iberia (hyla molleri)
  • Isihlahla Sesihlahla (Phyllomedusa sauvagii)
  • Intulo yomlilo (intulo yokuhleba)
  • UCecilia (mzukulu)

Izimfudu zasemanzini ngokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Ezinye izilwane zamaphaphu ezijwayele imvelo yasemanzini yizimfudu zasolwandle. Njengazo zonke ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izimfudu, zombili zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle, ziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo. Kodwa-ke, izimfudu zasolwandle nazo zingenza ukushintshaniswa kwegesi ngokusebenzisa i- ukuphefumula kwesikhumba; ngale ndlela, bangasebenzisa umoya-mpilo osemanzini. Ezinye izibonelo zezimfudu zasemanzini eziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo yilezi:

  • Ufudu lwasolwandle oluvamile (ukunakekela)
  • Ufudu oluhlaza (I-Chelonia mydas)
  • Ufudu lwesikhumba (I-Dermochelys coriacea)
  • Ufudu olubomvuAma-Trachemys scripta elegans)
  • Ingulube ikhala ufudu (Ama-carettochelys insculpta)

Yize ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthola umoya-mpilo, ngenxa yale ndlela ehlukile yokuphefumula, izimfudu zasolwandle ziyakwazi ulala phansi kolwandle, sichitha amasonto ngaphandle kokuvela!

Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Kwezinye izimo, isimo sokuphefumula kwamaphaphu sandulela impilo emanzini. Lokhu kunjalo ngama-cetaceans (imikhomo namahlengethwa), okuthi, noma basebenzisa kuphela ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu, ukuzivumelanisa nempilo yasemanzini. Lezi zilwane zinezimbobo zamakhala (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-spiracles) ezisengxenyeni engenhla yogebhezi, lapho zisebenzisa khona ukungena nokuphuma komoya kuya nasemaphashini ngaphandle kokuvela ngokuphelele ebusweni. Ezinye izimo zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle eziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo yilezi:

  • I-Blue Whale (I-Balaenoptera musculus)
  • I-Orca (i-orcinus orca)
  • Ihlengethwa elivamile (UDelphinus delphis)
  • I-Manatee (UTrichechus manatus)
  • Uphawu Grey (I-Halichoerus grypus)
  • Southern Indlovu Seal (leonine mirounga)

Amaphaphu aphefumula izilwane zomhlaba

Zonke izilwane ezinomgogodla zasemhlabeni ziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo. Noma kunjalo, iqembu ngalinye lihlukile ukuguquguquka kwemvelo ngokuya ngezici zayo. Ezinyonini, ngokwesibonelo, amaphaphu ahlotshaniswa nezikhwama zomoya, azisebenzisa njengezinqolobane zomoya omusha ukwenza ukuphefumula kuphumelele kakhudlwana futhi nokwenza umzimba ube lula ekukhanyeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezi zilwane, ukuthuthwa kwangaphakathi komoya nakho ehlotshaniswa nokuzwakala. Endabeni yezinyoka nezinye izibankwa, ngenxa yobukhulu nokuma komzimba, elinye lamaphaphu livame ukuba lincane kakhulu noma linyamalale.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ngokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

  • I-Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis)
  • I-Boa constrictor (i-constrictor enhle)
  • Ingwenya yaseMelika (ICrocodylus acutus)
  • Ufudu Olukhulu LweGalapagos (I-Chelonoidis nigra)
  • Inyoka yeHorseshoe (Ama-hemorrhoids eHippocrepis)
  • I-Basilisk (I-Basiliscus Basiliscus)

Izinyoni eziphefumula amaphaphu

  • Indlunkulu yendlu (umgibeli wasekhaya)
  • I-Emperor penguin (Ama -ptenodyte forsteri)
  • I-hummingbird enentamo ebomvu (U-Archilochus colubris)
  • Intshe (Ikamela leStruthio)
  • Ukuzulazula i-Albatross (I-Diomedea exulans)

Amaphaphu aphefumula izilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba

  • u-weasel omncanemustela nivalis)
  • Umuntu (homo sapiens)
  • I-Platypus (I-Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
  • Indlulamithi (Indlulamithi camelopardalis)
  • Igundane (Mus musculus)

Izilwane ezingenamqolo ngokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla eziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo, kutholakala okulandelayo:

Ama-arthropod ngokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Ku-arthropods, ukuphefumula kuvame ukuvela nge-tracheolae, okungamagatsha e-trachea. Kodwa-ke, ama-arachnids (izicabucabu nawofezela) nawo athuthukise uhlelo lokuphefumula kwamaphaphu abakwenzayo ngezakhiwo ezibizwa nge-a amaphaphu anamaqabunga.

Lezi zakhiwo zakhiwa umgodi omkhulu obizwa nge-atrium, oqukethe i-lamellae (lapho kushintshaniswa khona igesi) nezikhala zomoya eziphakathi nendawo, ezihlelwe njengasemakhasini encwadi. I-atrium ivulekela ngaphandle ngembobo ebizwa nge-spiracle.

Ukuqonda kangcono lolu hlobo lokuphefumula kwe-arthropod, sincoma ukuthi uthinte le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal ekhuluma ngokuphefumula kwetreacheal ezilwaneni.

Ama-molluscs aphefumula ngamaphaphu

Kuma-molluscs kukhona nomgodi omkhulu womzimba. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-mantle cavity futhi, kuma-molluscs asemanzini, inama-gill amunca umoya-mpilo emanzini angenayo. kuma-molluscs we iqembu I-Pulmonata(iminenke yomhlaba nama-slugs), lo mbobo awunazo iziphethu, kepha unemithambo yegazi kakhulu futhi usebenza njengephaphu, umunca umoya-mpilo oqukethwe emoyeni ongena uvela ngaphandle nge-pore ebizwa nge-pneumostoma.

Kulesi esinye isihloko sePeritoAnimal ngezinhlobo zama-molluscs - izici nezibonelo, uzothola izibonelo eziningi zama-molluscs aphefumula ngamaphaphu awo.

Ama-Echinoderm ngokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphefumula kwamaphaphu, izilwane eziseqenjini I-Holothuroidea (ukhukhamba wasolwandle) kungaba enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Lezi zilwane ezingenamgogodla nezamanzi zenze uhlobo lokuphefumula kwamaphaphu okuthi, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa umoya, sebenzisa amanzi. Zinezakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuthi "izihlahla zokuphefumula" ezisebenza njengamaphaphu asemanzini.

Izihlahla zokuphefumula zingamashubhu anamagatsha amakhulu axhumeka kwimvelo yangaphandle nge-cloaca. Zibizwa ngamaphaphu ngoba zingama-invaginations futhi zinokugeleza okuya kumabhidi amabili. Amanzi angena futhi aphume endaweni efanayo: indle. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezinciphiso ze-cloaca. Ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka ebusweni bezihlahla zokuphefumula kusetshenziswa umoya-mpilo emanzini.

Izilwane ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu kanye ne-gill

Izilwane eziningi zasemanzini eziphefumula amaphaphu nazo zinayo ezinye izinhlobo zokuphefumula okuhambisanayo, njengokuphefumula okunqamulelayo nokuphefumula kwe-gill.

Phakathi kwezilwane ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu kanye ne-gill kukhona ama-amphibians, abachitha isigaba sokuqala sempilo yabo (isigaba sezibungu) emanzini, lapho baphefumula khona ngemithambo yabo. Kodwa-ke, iningi lama-amphibian lilahlekelwa yizifo lapho lifinyelela ebudaleni (isigaba sasemhlabeni) bese liqala ukuphefumula amaphaphu nesikhumba.

ezinye izinhlanzi baphinde baphefumule ngemithambo yabo besebancane futhi, lapho sebekhulile, baphefumula ngamaphaphu abo kanye nangezinyongo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlanzi ziphoqeleka ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu lapho sezikhulile, njengoba kunjalo ngezinhlobo zomkhakha I-Polypterus, iProtopterus futhi Lepidosiren, ngubani ongaminza uma engenakho ukufinyelela ngaphezulu.

Uma ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho bese uqedela lonke ulwazi olunikezwe kule ndatshana mayelana nezilwane eziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo, ungathinta le ndatshana kaPeritoIzilwane ngezilwane eziphefumula ngesikhumba sazo.

Ezinye izilwane ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu

Ezinye izilwane ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu yilezi:

  • Impisi (izibaya lupus)
  • Inja (I-Canis lupus familiaris)
  • ikati (UFelis catus)
  • I-Lynx (I-Lynx)
  • Ingwe (i-panthera pardus)
  • Ingwe (ingwe yehlosi)
  • Ibhubesi (panthera leo)
  • I-Puma (I-Puma concolor)
  • Unogwaja (I-Oryctolagus cuniculus)
  • Umvundla (I-Lepus europaeus)
  • UFerret (UMustela putorius wazala)
  • i-skunk (Mephitidae)
  • ICanary (Serinus canaria)
  • Ukhozi Ukhozi (inqe)
  • I-Barn Owl (UTyto alba)
  • I-Flying squirrel (uhlobo Pteromyini)
  • Imvukuzane kaMarsupial (I-notoryctes typhlops)
  • i-llama (udaka lwe-glam)
  • I-Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
  • Insephe (uhlobo UGazella)
  • Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa (Ursus Maritimus)
  • I-Narwhal (Monodon monoceros)
  • Umkhomo Wesidoda (Umzimba we-macrocephalus)
  • ICockatoo (umndeni Cockatoo)
  • Ukugwinya kwesimila (UHirundo rustic)
  • I-Peregrine Falcon (falco peregrinus)
  • I-Blackbird (i-turdus merula)
  • I-turkey yasendle (Ukutholwa kwe-latham)
  • KaRobin (erithacus rubecula)
  • Inyoka yamakhorali (umndeni elapidae)
  • Iguana yasolwandle (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
  • Ingwenya encane (I-Osteolaemus tetraspis)

Futhi manje njengoba usukwazi konke ngezilwane eziphefumula ngamaphaphu azo, ungaphuthelwa yile vidiyo elandelayo ngesinye sazo, esisethula Amaqiniso ayi-10 amnandi ngamahlengethwa:

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izilwane ezinokuphefumula kwamaphaphu, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.