-Delile
- Izici Zezilwane zase-Antarctica
- Izilwane zase-Antarctic
- 1. I-Emperor penguin
- 2. Krill
- 3. Ingwe yasolwandle
- 4. Uphawu lwe-Weddell
- 5. Uphawu lwenkalankala
- 6. Ross uphawu
- 7. I-Antarctic petrel
- Ezinye izilwane ezivela e-Antarctica
- Izilwane zase-Antarctic ezisengozini yokuqothulwa
I-Antarctica yiyona izwekazi elibanda futhi elingenakuhlala kahle lomhlaba. Awekho amadolobha lapho, kuphela izisekelo zesayensi ezibika imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ingxenye esempumalanga yezwekazi, okungukuthi, leyo eseduze ne-Oceania, iyindawo ebanda kakhulu. Lapha, umhlaba ufinyelela ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3 400, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, isiteshi sesayensi saseRussia Isiteshi seVostok. Kule ndawo, yabhalwa ebusika (ngenyanga kaJulayi) yowe-1893, amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -90 ºC.
Ngokuphikisana nalokho okungahle kubonakale, kukhona izifunda ezishisayo e-Antarctica, kanjalo nenhlonhlo yase-Antarctic, ehlobo, enamazinga okushisa azungeze u-0 ºC, amazinga okushisa ashisayo kakhulu ezilwaneni ezithile ese -15 ºC asevele ashisa. Kule ndatshana kaPeritoIzilwane, sizokhuluma ngempilo yezilwane e-Antarctica, le ndawo ebanda kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi sizochaza izici zezilwane zayo bese sabelana izibonelo zezilwane ezivela e-Antarctica.
Izici Zezilwane zase-Antarctica
Ukushintshwa kwezilwane kusuka e-Antarctica kulawulwa kakhulu yimithetho emibili, i- umthetho ka-allen, ebeka lezo zilwane ezingapheli (lezo ezilawula ukushisa komzimba) ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zinemilenze emincane, izindlebe, isifonyo noma umsila, okwenza ukunciphisa ukushisa, futhi umthetho weUBergmann, okubeka ukuthi ngenhloso efanayo yokulawula ukulahleka kokushisa, izilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezinjalo ezibandayo zinemizimba emikhulu kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezipholile noma ezishisayo. Isibonelo, ama-penguin ahlala emapolini makhulu kunama-penguin asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ukuze ziphile kulolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu, izilwane ziyashintshwa ukuze zithole inani elikhulu le- amanoni ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ukuvimbela ukulahleka kokushisa. Isikhumba siwugqinsi kakhulu futhi, ezilwaneni ezinoboya, iminyene kakhulu, iqoqa umoya ngaphakathi ukudala ungqimba oluvikela ngci. Lokhu kunjalo ngabathile abangasusi namabhere, noma kunjalo azikho amabhele we-polar e-Antarctica, noma izilwane ezincelisayo zalezi zinhlobo. Izimpawu nazo ziyashintsha.
Ngesikhathi esibanda kakhulu sasebusika, ezinye izilwane zifudukela kwezinye izindawo ezifudumele, okuyicebo elibalulekile lezinyoni.
Izilwane zase-Antarctic
Izilwane ezihlala e-Antarctica zikhona ikakhulukazi emanzini, njengezimpawu, amaphengwini nezinye izinyoni. Siphinde sathola ama-vertebrate asolwandle nama-cetaceans.
Izibonelo esizozichaza ngezansi, ngakho-ke, zingabameleli abahle bezilwane zase-Antarctic futhi zimi kanje:
- I-Emperor penguin
- UKrill
- ingwe yasolwandle
- uphawu lwe-weddell
- inkalankala uphawu
- uphawu lwe-ross
- I-Antarctic petrel
1. I-Emperor penguin
I-Emperor Penguin (Ama -ptenodyte forsteri) uhlala ngaphesheya kwe- ugu olusenyakatho yezwekazi lase-antarctic, usabalalisa ngendlela yesekhula. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswe njenge-Near Threatened njengoba inani labantu bayo lehla kancane ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lolu hlobo lushisa kakhulu lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku -15 ºC.
Ama-Emperor penguin adla kakhulu izinhlanzi olwandle i-Antarctic, kepha futhi angadla ama-krill nama-cephalopods. yiba ne- umjikelezo wokuzala wonyaka. Amakoloni akhiwa phakathi kukaMashi no-Ephreli. Njengeqiniso elithakazelisayo ngalezi zilwane zase-Antarctic, singasho ukuthi zizalela amaqanda phakathi kukaMeyi noJuni, eqhweni, yize iqanda libekwa ezinyaweni zomunye wabazali ukuvimbela ukuba lingagodoli. Ekupheleni konyaka, imidlwane izimela.
2. Krill
I-Antarctic krill (I-Euphausia enhle kakhulu) kuyisisekelo sohlu lokudla kule ndawo yomhlaba. Cishe incane crustacean malacostraceanesiphila sakha izinkumbi ezingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 ngobude. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kungumjikelezo, yize iningi labantu litholakala eSouth Atlantic, eduze ne-Antarctic Peninsula.
3. Ingwe yasolwandle
Izingwe zasolwandle (I-Hydrurga leptonyx), enye ye- Izilwane zase-Antarctic, zisatshalaliswa emanzini ase-Antarctic nangaphansi kwe-Antarctic. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, bafinyelela isisindo samakhilogremu angama-500, okuyi-dimorphism enkulu yezocansi yalolu hlobo. Imidlwane ivame ukuzalwa eqhweni phakathi kukaNovemba noDisemba futhi ilunyulwa inamaviki amane nje kuphela ubudala.
Bayizilwane ezihlala zodwa, imibhangqwana ilingisa emanzini, kodwa ayikaze ibonane. badume ngokuba abazingeli abakhulu bama-penguin, kepha babuye badle nge-krill, ezinye izimvu zamanzi, izinhlanzi, ama-cephalopods, njll.
4. Uphawu lwe-Weddell
Izimpawu ze-Weddell (Leptonychotes weddellii) babe ukusatshalaliswa kwenyanga ngaphesheya koLwandle i-Antarctic. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu ababodwa bayabonakala ngasogwini lweNingizimu Afrika, iNew Zealand noma iNingizimu Australia.
Njengasesimweni esidlule, izimvu zamanzi zemishado zikhudlwana kunabesilisa, yize isisindo sazo sishintsha kakhulu lapho kufakwa izifuba. Bangakha eqhweni lonyaka noma emhlabeni, okubavumela ukuthi benze kanjalo yakha amakoloni, ibuyela minyaka yonke endaweni efanayo ukuzala kabusha.
Izimpawu ezihlala eqhweni lonyaka ezithile zenza izimbobo ngamazinyo azo ukuthola amanzi. Lokhu kubangela ukugqokwa kwamazinyo okusheshayo, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila.
5. Uphawu lwenkalankala
Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezimpawu zezinkalankala (UWolfdon carcinophagaezwenikazi i-Antarctic kuncike ekushintshashintsheni kwendawo yonyaka yeqhwa. Lapho amashidi eqhwa enyamalala, inani lezimpawu zamankalankala liyanda. Abanye abantu baya eningizimu ye-Afrika, e-Australia noma eNingizimu Melika. ngena ezwekazini, eza ukuthola isifanekiso esibukhoma esingamakhilomitha ayi-113 ukusuka ogwini nasekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha ayi-920.
Lapho izimpawu zezinkalankala zesifazane zizala, zikwenza lokho eqhweni, lapho umama nengane bephelezelwa ngu owesilisa, ini bukela ukuzalwa kowesifazane. Lo mbhangqwana nomdlwane bazohlala ndawonye kuze kube amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokulunyulwa komdlwane.
6. Ross uphawu
Esinye sezilwane zase-Antarctica, izimpawu zase-ross (Ommatophoca rossii) zisatshalaliswa ngokuzungezile kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Antarctic. Zivame ukuqoqwa ngamaqembu amakhulu ngaphezu kweqhwa elintantayo ehlobo ukuzala.
Lezi zimpawu yilezi ezincane kulezi zinhlobo ezine esikutholile e-Antarctica, enesisindo esingama-216 kilograms kuphela. Abantu balolu hlobo bayadlula izinyanga ezimbalwa olwandle oluvulekile, ngaphandle kokusondela ezwekazini. Bahlangana ngoJanuwari, lapho bashintsha khona amajazi abo. Imidlwane izalwa ngoNovemba futhi ilunyulwa lapho inenyanga eyodwa ubudala. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lukhombisa ukuthi iyi- izinhlobooyedwa.
7. I-Antarctic petrel
I-Antarctic petrel (I-Antarctic thalassoicaisatshalaliswa kulo lonke ugu lwaleli zwekazi, yakha ingxenye yezilwane zase-Antarctic, noma kunjalo khetha iziqhingi eziseduze ukwenza izidleke zakho. Amawa amatshe angenalo iqhwa ayachichima kulezi ziqhingi, lapho le nyoni yakha khona izidleke zayo.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-petrel yi-krill, yize kungadla nezinhlanzi nama-cephalopods.
Ezinye izilwane ezivela e-Antarctica
Zonke izindlela ze- Izilwane zase-Antarctic ixhunywe ngandlela thile nolwandle, azikho izinhlobo zasemhlabeni kuphela. Ezinye izilwane zasemanzini ezivela e-Antarctica:
- Ama-Gorgonia (I-Tauroprimnoa austasensis futhi UKuekenthali Digitogorgia)
- Izinhlanzi zesiliva zase-Antarctic (I-Pleuragramma antarctica)
- I-Antarctica Starry Skateboard (Amblyraja Georgian)
- i-Antarctic réis engamashumi amathathu (sterna vittata)
- Imiqulu ye-Beechroot (ichyyila eyincithakalo)
- Umkhomo waseNingizimu noma i-Antarctic Minke (I-Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
- I-Southern Dormant Shark (ISomniosus antarcticus)
- Iwa le-silvery, i-petrel yesiliva noma i-austral petrel (I-Fulmarus glacialoides)
- I-Antarctic mandrel (i-stercorarius antarcticus)
- Inhlanzi Yamahhashi Akhohlakele (I-Zanchlorhynchus spinifer)
Izilwane zase-Antarctic ezisengozini yokuqothulwa
Ngokwe-IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), kunezilwane eziningana ezisengozini yokuqothulwa e-Antarctica. Kukhona imininingwane engaphezulu, kepha enganele yokunquma. Kukhona uhlobo ku ingozi ebucayi yokuqothulwa, a umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka ku-antarctica (I-Balaenoptera musculus intermedia), inani labantu linalo kwehle ngo-97% kusukela ngo-1926 kuze kube manje. Inani labantu kukholakala ukuthi lehle kakhulu kwaze kwaba ngu-1970 ngenxa yokushaywa ngemvu, kodwa lenyuke kancane kusukela lapho.
Nezinhlobo ezintathu ezisengozini yokuqothulwa:
- umsizi albatross (Phoebetria Beetle). Lolu hlobo lwalusengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa kwaze kwaba ngu-2012, ngenxa yokudoba. Manje isengozini ngoba kukholakala, ngokusho kokubona, ukuthi ubukhulu besibalo bukhulu.
- INyakatho Royal Albatross (I-Diomedea sanfordi). INyakatho Royal Albatross yayisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa ngenxa yeziphepho ezinamandla ngeminyaka yama-1980 eyabangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Okwamanje ayikho idatha eyanele, abantu bayo bazinzile futhi manje bayancipha futhi.
- IGrey Heading Albatross (talasarche chrysostoma). Izinga lokwehla kwalolu hlobo belusheshe kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ezintathu ezedlule (iminyaka engama-90). Imbangela enkulu yokunyamalala kwalezi zilwane ukudoba okude.
Kunezinye izilwane ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa okuthi noma zingahlali e-Antarctica, zidlule ngasogwini lwazo lapho zihamba khona, njenge i-atlantic petrel (i-pterodroma engaqinisekile), O sclater penguin noma wakhe i-penguin e-crested (FUTHIudiptes sclasizoba), O ikhala eliphuzi i-albatross (Thalassarche carteri) noma i- I-Antipodean albatross (I-Diomedea antipodensis).
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izilwane zase-Antarctic nezici zazo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.