Izilwane ezisengozini ePantanal

Umlobi: John Stephens
Usuku Lokudalwa: 25 Ujanuwari 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 20 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
komodo dragon Vs green anaconda - Who wins this battle?
Ividiyo: komodo dragon Vs green anaconda - Who wins this battle?

-Delile

Lapho ukhuluma ngePantanal, yini efika engqondweni yakho? abantu abaningi bacabanga ngakho ama-jaguar, ama-alligator noma inhlanzi enkulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi le biome - eyaziwa njengendawo eyixhaphozi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - inokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezitshalo nezilwane.

Noma kunjalo, yonke le ngcebo ihlala kuyo ukusongela njalo, kungaba ngenxa yokwanda kwemililo, ukunwetshwa kokulima noma ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ngakho-ke, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi inani le- izilwane ezisengozini ePantanal.

Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal, sizokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izilwane ezisengcupheni, esezivele zingasekho nokuthi yini engenziwa ukuvimbela ezinye izilwane ukuthi zinganyamalali emvelweni. Hlola!


Yini iPantanal?

IPantanal ingelinye lama-biomes ayisithupha akhona eBrazil, kanye ne I-Amazon, iCaatinga, iCerrado, i-Atlantic Forest neCerrado. Indawo yayo yi-150,988 km², emele i-1.8% yendawo ephelele yendawo yaseBrazil.[1]

Yize incane uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-biomes aseBrazil, ungakhohliswa. Ngakho-ke unombono, iPantanal ine indawo enkulu kuneGrisi, iNgilandi noma iPortugal futhi iliphinda kabili iPanama.

ikuphi iPantanal

Etholakala esifundeni saseMidwest, itholakala emadolobheni angama-22 eMato Grosso naseMato Grosso do Sul, ngaphezu kweParaguay neBolivia. I-biome ivelela ubukhona obuqinile bemiphakathi yendabuko, efana nabantu abantu bomdabu nemaron, okwathi eminyakeni edlule kwasiza ekusakazeni isiko lePantanal.


Itholakala ekucindezelekeni okukhulu okutholakala e-Upper Paraguay River Basin. Ngezikhathi zemvula enamandla, Umfula iParaguay uchichima futhi kukhukhula ingxenye enkulu yensimu kanti izindawo zokutshala zigcwele amanzi. Lapho amanzi ehla, kuvuswa izinkomo kuvunwe futhi kutshalwe izilimo ezintsha, yingakho lesi sifunda saziwa kakhulu ngokudoba, imfuyo nokuxhaphaza kwezolimo.

Izilwane nezimbali

yakho enkulu ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo (izimbali nezilwane), iPantanal iyigugu Likazwelonke nguMthethosisekelo Wombuso futhi ithathwa njengeBiosphere futhi Ifa Lemvelo Lobuntu yi-UNESCO, engakuvimbeli ukukhula kwamahlathi nokubhujiswa okukhulayo. Kuphela u-4.6% wesifunda ovikelwe yizingxenye zokongiwa kwemvelo.


Ubukhona bezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitshalo nezilwane, njengezilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni nezinambuzane nakho kungenxa yendawo enelungelo kuyo kanye nomthelela wezimila nezilwane ezivela e-Amazon Forest, e-Atlantic Forest, eChaco naseCerrado.

Kunezinhlobo okungenani ezingama-3 500 zezitshalo, izinhlobo eziyi-124 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-463 nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingama-325.[2]Kepha uhlu lwezilwane ezisengozini yokulwa luqhubeka lukhula, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesenzo somuntu.

Ngaphezu kokungenzi kahle komhlaba ngokungafanele, ubusosayensi, ukuzingela kanye nokudoba izidlova kuyakhuthazwa ngokushushumbiswa kwezikhumba nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile. Umngcele namanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika wandisa ubungozi ku-ecosystem. THE ukunwetshwa kwezolimo nemililo zikhonjwa njengezinsongo ezinkulu kwi-biome. Phakathi kuka-Agasti noSepthemba 2020, bekulinani elirekhodiwe lemililo esifundeni, esibhidlize inani elilingana nezinkundla zebhola ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili.[3]

Izilwane ezisengozini ePantanal

Ngokusho kweChico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, okuyinhlangano kahulumeni yezemvelo eyingxenye yoMnyango Wezemvelo, kunezinhlobo eziyi-1,172 zezilwane ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa eBrazil. Kuleli nani, angama-318 asesimweni esithathwa njengesibucayi, okungukuthi, asengozini enkulu yokunyamalala emvelweni.[2]

Kubalulekile ukungadidanisi izilwane engozini, okungukuthi, lezo ezisekhona kepha zisengozini yokunyamalala, kanye nalezo sezivele zashabalala kumvelo (okwaziwa kuphela ngokudalwa kwabathunjiweyo) noma ukuqothulwa (okungasekho). Emkhakheni wosongo, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zingahlukaniswa njenge: ezisengozini, ezisengozini noma ezisengozini enkulu.

Ngezansi, ake sazi izilwane ezihlala ePantanal futhi ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ngokweRed List ye-International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources (IUCN) kanye neChico Mendes Institute. Ukugcina kuphela ohlwini yisilwane esingasekho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi yisithombe se- isimo sihlaziyiwe kuze kube kuvalwa le ndatshana.[4]

1. IJaguar (i-panthera onca)

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-jaguar, yi- ikati lesithathu elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ungumbhukudi oncomekayo futhi uhlala emfuleni noma ezindaweni zamachibi. Ingafinyelela ku-150kg futhi ilume kakhulu futhi ibulale. Kuyisilwane esidla inyama, okuyibeka phezulu kuketanga lokudla.

Kukhanga izivakashi kunoma ngubani onentshisekelo kwimvelo, kepha ngeshwa kubazingeli, yingakho i-jaguar isohlwini olusemthethweni lwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa eBrazil. Ngaphezu kokuzingela, ukwanda kwamadolobha nokulahleka kwendawo yawo yemvelo ngenxa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukwandisa usongo lokuqothulwa.

2. Impisi enomhlwenga (I-Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Unguye isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke ongowokuzalwa eNingizimu Melika futhi ungatholakala ePantanal, ePampas naseCerrado. Imikhuba yayo nezici zayo zomzimba kuyenza ibe uhlobo oluhlukile nolukhetheke kakhulu.

3. Uviniga wenja (I-Speothos venaticus)

Inomzimba ohlangene kakhulu, imilenze emifushane, eqinile, izindlebe eziyindilinga, umsila omfushane nomhlanga omkhulu wezwi. Ungayitholi i- imisindo ehlukene ukuthi angakhipha.

4. I-Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)

Yaziwa nangokuthi impisi yomfula, i-jaguar yamanzi noma i-otter enkulu. Yisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama esinemikhuba emibi. Lezi zinhlobo zisengozini yokuqothulwa ikakhulu ngenxa ye- ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Inezimpawu ezimhlophe emphinjeni, ezenza ukuthi kube lula ukuhlukanisa phakathi komuntu ngamunye. Umsila uyisicaba esimise njengegwedlo ukusiza ekubhukudeni. Futhi inezinwele ezimfushane ezinombala onsundu noma onsundu nezinyawo ezibanzi nolwelwesi olujoyina izinzwane.

5. Izinyamazane zeMarsh (Blastocerus dichotomus)

Itholakala ePantanal, kodwa futhi ihlala e-Amazon naseCerrado. Yinyamazane enkulu kunazo zonke eLatin America futhi ingaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-125 kg futhi ifinyelele ku-1.80 m ukuphakama. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi Ama-60% ezinhlobo zayo asevele aphelile ngenxa yokuzingela nokulahlekelwa yingxenye yendawo yabo yokuhlala. Kungakho kubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuba ngesinye sezilwane ezisengozini ePantanal.

6.Izinyamazane zePampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster)

Umzimba wayo ulinganiselwa kumasentimitha angama-80 kuya kwangama-95 futhi ungaba nesisindo esingafinyelela kuma-40 kg. Ezeduna zinempondo eyakhekayo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Inendandatho yoboya obumhlophe ezungeze amehlo nezindlebe ezinombala omhlophe ngaphakathi. Wena uboya buwolintshi emzimbeni wonke, ngaphandle kwesisu esimhlophe nomsila omnyama. Akuvamisile ukwakha amaqembu amakhulu futhi imvamisa ibonakala yodwa noma ngamaqembu afika kubantu abayisithupha.

7. UJau-bellied Jacu (ipenelope ochrogaster)

Yinyoni enkulu enamaphiko amade nomsila omude, inezimpaphe ezakhiwe ngemigqa emhlophe, izinyawo ezilula nomlomo omnyama, futhi ingafinyelela ku-77 cm. Inekhanda elibomvu futhi ayivamile ukubonwa emvelweni ngokuziphatha kwayo kokuzihlukanisa, into ehluke kakhulu komunye uJacus. O ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho yizizathu eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa kwayo. Kwesinye isihloko sePeritoAnimal ungathola okuningi ngezinyoni ezisengcupheni yokushabalala.

8. Umlomo wangempela (I-Sporophila maximilian)

Le nyoni iphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-14.5 no-16.5 ubude. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-northern boll weevil, i-boll weevil yangempela noma i-black boll weevil, ihlala emadlelweni agcwele amanzi, izindlela ezinezihlahlana, emaphethelweni ama-clumps amahlathi, amaxhaphozi, amabhange emifula namachibi, ngokusobala ezindaweni ezisondele emanzini, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona khona utshani nelayisi, okuyisisekelo sabo ukudla emvelweni. Wena izibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa elayisi zikhonjwe njengesinye sezimbangela ezibeka lesi silwane ohlwini olubomvu lwezilwane engcupheni yokuqothulwa.

9.Tapir (I-Tapirus terrestris)

Yi- isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke eBrazil, ifinyelela ku-2.40 m ubude nesisindo sama-300 kg. Elinye igama eliyitholayo yi-tapir. Isizungu, itapir ingaphila ibe neminyaka engama-35 ubudala.Ilukuluku ngaye isikhathi sakhe sokukhulelwa, esihlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka futhi esingafinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-400.

10.I-Giant Armadillo (Maximus Priodonts)

Le nhlobo ayivamile ngokwemvelo futhi iphila phakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 nengu-15 ngokwesilinganiso. Inomsila omude, onomsila ombozwe izihlangu ezincane zepentagonal. Phakathi kwezinsongo ezinkulu kwi-giant armadillo kukhona imililo, ezolimo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingela.

11. UMargay (I-Leopardus wiediiá)

Isilwane sikhona kuwo wonke ama-biomes eBrazil, kepha sihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezindawo zehlathi. Lolu hlobo lunamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, aphumile, impumulo eqhamukayo, imilenze emikhulu nomsila omude kakhulu. Imilenze yangemuva inamalungu aguquguqukayo ngokukhethekile, avumela ukujikeleza okungafika kuma-degree angama-180, okukunika amandla angavamile phakathi kwama-feline ukwehla esihlahleni. ikhanda phansi.

12.I-Giant Anteater (UMyrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus)

Isilwane singabonakala hhayi ePantanal kuphela, kodwa nase-Amazon, eCerrado nase-Atlantic Forest. Izinhlobo zinomkhuba wasemhlabeni futhi zihlala zodwa ngaphandle kukamama nezingane zakhe, ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, nangesikhathi sokuzala, lapho kungakhiwa imibhangqwana. Imililo, i- ukulima futhi ukugawulwa kwamahlathi yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zokusongela indawo enkulu edla izidleke.

13. I-Puma noma i-cougar (I-Puma concolor)

Kuyisilwane esincelisayo sasemhlabeni esitholakala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingelinye lama-fimin aguqulelwe kangcono ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezindawo. Inengubo ethambile ye-beige umzimba wonke, ngaphandle kwesifunda sesisu, esilula. Imidlwane izalwa inamabala ansundu amnyama namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Usayizi nesisindo kuyahluka ngokuya ngendawo okwenzeka kuyo. Kushesha kakhulu, i- ipuma ingagxuma isuke phansi ekuphakameni kuka-5.5 m.

14. Ukhozi olumhlophe (Inqe laseCorona)

Inkulu futhi inamasentimitha aphakathi kwama-75 nama-85 cm, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-3.5 kg. Inyoni endala ivame ukuba ne- kuholele izimpaphe ezimpunga, kanye nohlaka olumise okomqhele nomsila omfushane onebhande elilodwa elimpunga.

Ukuphela: IHyacinth Macaw Encane (I-Anodorhynchus glaucus)

I-hyacinth macaw encane isinyamalale impela. Kungadidaniswa namanye ama-hyacinth macaws: i-blue macaw (i-Cyanopsitta spixii), ecishiwe endle, ekhona ngaphansi kokunakekelwa ngabantu kuphela; iLear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari), esengozini endle; kanye neHyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), esongelwa ngayo ukuqothulwa emvelweni. Wagqama ngobuhle bakhe obukhulu, obabumenza athandeke kakhulu ngabazingeli njalo. Ngezansi sithola umdwebo wokuthi lolu hlobo luzoba njani, ngeshwa oluyingxenye yohlu lwezilwane ezisengozini ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuphela kwezilwane

Njengoba sesishilo, i-Pantanal biome icebe kakhulu kuzo zombili izilwane nezitshalo zayo. Futhi i- ukongiwa kwemvelo, izitshalo, izilwane nezilwanyana ezincane, kuqinisekisa ukusimama kwemithombo yemvelo, ethinta izimpilo zethu thina bantu emhlabeni.

Ukunyamalala kwezilwane kuthinta konke uchungechunge lokudla, kubangela ukungalingani emvelweni. Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa nokuthi ukuncipha kwezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo kuyingozi ekukhiqizeni imvelo njengokungcola kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Ngisho nokuphela kwezilwane ezidla kakhulu izithelo, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-frugivores, nakho kubeka engcupheni amandla amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo ukuncela isikhutha (CO2) emkhathini, kusheshisa ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba.[5]

Ukuvimbela ukuphela kwezilwane, ukuqwashisa kubalulekile. Kuyadingeka ukulwa nokuzingela okungekho emthethweni, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, imililo futhi uqaphele ngezakhiwo ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezindawo zemvelo zezilwane. Ukulahla udoti ezindaweni ezifanele kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthintana nezilwane nemikhiqizo ethile noma i ukufa yi-asphyxia ngokulahlwa okungafanele kwepulasitiki, isibonelo. [6]

Kukhona futhi namaphrojekthi amaningi wokonga nokuxhasa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ongazisekela, ngaphezu kwezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni (ama-NGO).

Zonke izilwane ezisengozini

Imininingwane ngezilwane ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ingatholakala ku:

  • Incwadi Ebomvu yeChico Mendes Institute: ngumbhalo oqukethe uhlu lwazo zonke izinhlobo zaseBrazil ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ukuyifinyelela, vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-ICMBio.
  • Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources (IUCN): ikhasi, ngesiNgisi, linikeza inkambu yokusesha lapho ungafaka khona igama lesilwane ofuna ukusazi.

Kulesi esinye isihloko sePeritoAnimal, bona abanye izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa eBrazil.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izilwane ezisengozini ePantanal, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu sezilwane ezisengozini.