-Delile
- Ziyini izilwane ezidla izithelo?
- Izilwane ezikhathazayo: izici
- Izilwane ezi-frugivorous nokubaluleka kwazo ku-ecosystem
- Izilwane Ezidlayo: Izibonelo
- 1. Izilwane Ezincelisayo Ezidlayo
- 3. izinyoni ezidlayo
- 4. Izilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ezidla ubhedu
- 5. Izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezidla ubhedu
- 6. Izinhlanzi ezingadliwayo
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane kukhulu impela. Yize kungabonakala njengokudla okwedlule, ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zidalwa buhambisana futhi zombili izingxenye azidingeki kuphela ukuze ziphile, kepha zavela ndawonye.
Okunye ukuxhumana phakathi kwezilwane nezitshalo kungumbombayi. Kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal, sizokhuluma ngalobu budlelwano futhi sithole ukuthi izilwane ezidla izithelo: izici nezibonelo.
Ziyini izilwane ezidla izithelo?
Izilwane ezi-frugivorous yilabo abakudla kwabo kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezithelo, noma ingxenye enkulu yalokho abakudlayo kwenziwa ngalolu hlobo lokudla. Emkhakheni wezilwane, izinhlobo eziningi zonga kakhulu, kusuka ezinambuzaneni kuya ezincelisayo ezinkulu.
Ngo- izitshalo ezikhiqiza izithelo yilezi angiosperms. Kuleli qembu, izimbali zezitshalo zesifazane noma izingxenye zesifazane zesitshalo se-hermaphrodite zine-ovary enamaqanda amaningana okuthi, lapho evundiswa yisidoda, ajiye futhi ashintshe umbala, athole izimfanelo zokudla okunomsoco ezikhangayo ezilwaneni. Ama-20% ezinhlobo ezaziwayo zezilwane ezincelisayo zikhona izilwane ezidla izithelo, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lokudla lubaluleke kakhulu futhi lubalulekile phakathi kwezilwane.
Izilwane ezikhathazayo: izici
Ekuthomeni, iinlwana ezingazibandakanyi azibonakali zinempawu ezihlukanisayo ezilwaneni ezingabaleki, ikakhulukazi uma ziyizilwane ezinonya, okuthi noma zingadla emikhiqizweni eminingi, zibe nezithelo njengokudla kwazo okuyinhloko.
Izici eziyinhloko zivela kuyo yonke i- ithumbu lokugaya ukudla, kuqala ngomlomo noma ngomlomo. Ezilwaneni ezincelisayo nezinye izilwane ezinamazinyo, izinhlungu zomlomo zivame ebanzi futhi ethophayo ukwazi ukuhlafuna. Izilwane ezinamazinyo angahlafuni zivamise ukuba nolayini omncane, ngisho namazinyo asetshenziselwa ukusika izithelo nokugwinya izingcezu ezincane.
Izinyoni ezidla ukudla ezivame ukuba ne- umlomo omfishane noma omncane ukuze kukhishwe uginindela ezithelweni, njengoba kunjalo ngopholi. Ezinye izinyoni zinomlomo omncane, oqondile, osebenzela ukondla izithelo ezincane ezingagwinywa ziphelele.
ama-arthropods anakho imihlathi ekhethekile ukuhlanganisa ukudla. Uhlobo oluthile lungadla isithelo ngezigaba ezithile zempilo yalo futhi lube nokunye ukudla lapho selukhulile, noma kungenzeka lungasadingi ukusondla.
Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu salezi zilwane ukuthi ungagayezi imbewu, nokho, kuveza kubo ukuguqulwa komzimba nokwamakhemikhali, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-scarification, ngaphandle kwawo bekungeke kuhlume lapho bengaphesheya.
Izilwane ezi-frugivorous nokubaluleka kwazo ku-ecosystem
Izitshalo zezithelo nezilwane ezidla izithelo ziba nobudlelwano obulinganayo futhi ziye zavela ngokuhlanganyela kuwo wonke umlando. Izithelo zezitshalo zibamba amehlo futhi zinomsoco hhayi ukuthi imbewu izondle, kepha zidonsela ukunaka kwezilwane.
Izilwane ezidlayo zidla uginindela wesithelo, zimunca imbewu ndawonye. Ngalokho, isitshalo sithola izinzuzo ezimbili:
- Lapho udlula endaweni yokugaya ukudla, ama-acid nokunyakaza kwendlela yokugaya ukudla kususa ungqimba oluvikelayo embewini (ukunqanyulwa) kubangela ukuhluma kwenzeke ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise amathuba okusinda.
- Uhambo lokudla ngomgudu wokugaya ukudla wesilwane ngokuvamile luthatha amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku. Ngakho-ke, uma isilwane sidle isithelo esithile endaweni ethile, kungenzeka ukuthi lapho siyoyikhipha, bekukude nesihlahla esikhiqizile, kuhlakazeka inzalo yalesi sitshalo nokwenza ikoloni izindawo ezintsha.
Singasho-ke, ukuthi izithelo zingumvuzo izilwane ezithola ukusabalalisa imbewu, njengoba nje impova, ngezinyosi, umvuzo wokuvotela izitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
Izilwane Ezidlayo: Izibonelo
Wena izilwane ezidla izithelo zisakazeke yonke iplanethi, kuzo zonke izifunda lapho kunezitshalo zezithelo. Ngezansi, sizokhombisa ezinye izibonelo zezilwane ezidla kanzima ezibonisa lokhu kwehlukahlukana.
1. Izilwane Ezincelisayo Ezidlayo
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane buhlala buqinile, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezondla kuphela izithelo, njengelulwane impungushe endizayo (I-Acerodon jubatus). Lesi silwane sihlala ehlathini lapho sondla khona, futhi sisengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi. E-Afrika, uhlobo olukhulu lwamalulwane nalo aludli kahle, i- isando selulwane (I-Hypsinathus monstrosus).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkawu eziningi zingama-frugivores. Ngakho-ke, yize banokudla oku-omnivorous, ikakhulukazi badla izithelo. Lokhu kunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, kwefayela le- imfene (pan troglodytes) noma i- gorilla (gorilla gorilla), yize ziziningi ama-lemurs futhi ube yi-frugivores.
Izinkawu zomhlaba omusha, njenge izinkawu ezihewula, izinkawu zesicabucabu nama-marmosets, badlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni imbewu yezithelo abazidlayo, ngakho-ke futhi ziyingxenye yohlu lwezibonelo zezilwane ezidla ubhedu.
Wena izikhwama, voles futhi possums ziyizilwane ezincelisayo zasebusuku ezidla izithelo, noma kunjalo, uma zihlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izibungu ngeke zinqikaze ukuzidla. Okokugcina, wonke ama-ungulates ayizitshalo ezidliwayo, kepha ezinye, njenge- i-tapir, bondla cishe izithelo kuphela.
3. izinyoni ezidlayo
Ngaphakathi kwezinyoni, kufanelekile ukugqamisa i- zopholi njengabathengi abakhulu bezithelo, ngomlomo owenzelwe ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinyoni nazo ziyizinyoni ezibucayi ezibalulekile. USylvia, njengesithelo se-blackberry. Ezinye izinyoni, njenge i-cassowary yaseningizimu (cassuarius cassuarius), futhi udla izithelo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala enhlabathini yasehlathini, ezibalulekile ekusakazekeni kwezitshalo. Wena ama-toucans ekudleni kwayo kusekelwe kwizithelo namajikijolo, yize nazo zingadla izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane noma izilwane ezincelisayo. Vele, ekuthunjweni kubalulekile ukuthi impilo yakho idle inani elithile lamaprotheni ezilwane.
4. Izilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ezidla ubhedu
Kukhona nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingadli kakhulu, njenge ama-iguana aluhlaza. Abakuhlafuni ukudla, kepha bakusika ngamazinyo abo kube yizicucu abakwazi ukukugwinya kuphelele. Ezinye izibankwa, njenge amadragoni anentshebe noma i- scincides zingadla izithelo, kepha zingama-omnivores, ngokungafani nama-iguana aluhlaza, angama-herbivores, ngakho-ke nawo adinga ukumunca izinambuzane ngisho nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Izimfudu zasemhlabeni ngelinye iqembu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla ubhedu, yize kwesinye isikhathi zingadla izinambuzane, ama-molluscs noma izibungu.
5. Izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezidla ubhedu
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezidla ubhedu, njenge impukane yezithelo noma I-Drosophila melanogaster, esetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni. Le mpukane encane ibeka amaqanda ayo ezithelweni, kuthi lapho zichanyuselwa, izibungu zidle izithelo zize zifinyelele ekuguqulweni komzimba zize zifinyelele ebudaleni. Futhi, eziningi izimbungulu zombhede, izinambuzane ze-hemiptera, zimunca ujusi ngaphakathi kwesithelo.
6. Izinhlanzi ezingadliwayo
Noma kungabonakala kungajwayelekile, sivala uhlu lwezibonelo zezilwane ezingaphucukile naleli qembu, njengoba kukhona nezinhlanzi ezingadli kakhulu, njengalezo zomndeni. mthokozisi. Lezi zinhlanzi, ezaziwa kakhulu pacu, zondla izitshalo, kodwa hhayi izithelo zazo kuphela, futhi nakwezinye izingxenye ezinjengamaqabunga neziqu.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izilwane Ezihluphayo: Izici Nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.