-Delile
I-octopus ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezilwane zasolwandle ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezungeze. Izici zomzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi, ubuhlakani obukhulu anabo noma ukukhiqizwa kwakhona ezinye zezindikimba ezivuselele intshisekelo enkulu kososayensi emhlabeni jikelele, okwaholela ekwandisweni kwezifundo eziningana.
Yonke le mininingwane isebenze njengogqozi lokubhala lo mbhalo wePeritoAnimal, lapho sihlanganise inani eliphelele le- Amaqiniso angama-20 amnandi ngama-octopus asuselwa ezifundweni zesayensi. Thola okuningi ngalesi silwane esihle ngezansi.
Ukuhlakanipha okumangazayo kwama-octopus
- I-octopus, yize ingaphili isikhathi eside futhi iveza indlela yokuphila yodwa, iyakwazi ukufunda nokuziphatha ezinhlotsheni zayo iyodwa.
- Lezi yizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, zibandlulula ngesimo se-classical kanye nokufunda kusetshenziswa ukubuka.
- Bayakwazi futhi ukufunda ngokusebenzisa isimo sokusebenza. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi ukufunda kungasetshenzelwa nabo kusetshenziswa imivuzo emihle nemiphumela emibi.
- Amandla abo okuqonda aboniswe ngokwenza izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha ngokuya ngesikhuthazi esikhona, kuya ngokusinda kwabo.
- Bayakwazi ukuhambisa izinto zokwakha izindawo zabo ezinde, yize benobunzima bokuhamba futhi bangabeka engcupheni impilo yabo okwesikhashana. Ngale ndlela, banethuba lokuphila isikhathi eside.
- Ama-octopus asebenzisa ingcindezi ehluke kakhulu lapho ezimisele ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukile, inyamazane noma, uma, uma evikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi bayazigcina izisulu, njengasendabeni yezinhlanzi, kakhulu kakhulu kunamathuluzi abangawasebenzisa ukuze bazivikele.
- Babona futhi bahlukanise amathemente abo anqunyiwe kwamanye amalungu ohlobo lwabo. Ngokusho kwesinye sezifundo okukhulunywe ngazo, u-94% we-octopus awuzange uzidle izibozi zawo, kodwa ubuthutha lapho ubakhosela ngomlomo wawo.
- Ama-octopus angalingisa izinhlobo zezinto endaweni yazo ezinobuthi njengendlela yokuphila. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yomthamo wayo wenkumbulo yesikhathi eside, yokufunda nenkumbulo evikelayo ye-reflex, ekhona kunoma yisiphi isilwane.
- Inokusizwa kwe-presynaptic serotonin, into ye-neurotransmitter ethonya imizwa, imizwa kanye nezimo zokudangala ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. Kungalesi sizathu "Isimemezelo SaseCambridge Sokuqonda" sifaka i-octopus njengesilwane esizaziyo.
- Ukuhlelwa kokuziphatha kwezimoto kwe-octopus nokuziphatha kwayo okuhlakaniphile kwakubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamarobhothi amakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yohlelo lwayo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinto eziphilayo.
Izici zomzimba zama-octopus
- Ama-octopus angahamba, abhukude futhi anamathele kunoma iyiphi indawo ngenxa yezinkomishi zawo ezinamandla neziqinile zokudonsa. Ngalokhu ngidinga ukukwenza izinhliziyo ezintathu, eyodwa esebenza ekhanda lakho kuphela futhi ezimbili ezimpompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.
- I-octopus ayikwazi ukuzibamba ngenxa yento ethile esikhunjeni sayo ekuvimbelayo.
- Ungakushintsha ukubukeka kwayo, njengoba kwenza onwabu, kanye nokuthungwa kwayo, kuya ngemvelo noma izidalwa ezikhona.
- Iyakwazi vuselela amatende akho uma lezi zinqunywa.
- Izingalo ze-octopus ziguquguquka ngokwedlulele futhi zinokunyakaza okuningi. Ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwayo okulungile, kuhamba ngamaphethini abekwe eceleni anciphisa inkululeko yawo futhi avumele ukulawula umzimba.
- Ukubona kwabo kungumbala we-colorblind, okusho ukuthi banenkinga yokubandlulula ama-hues abomvu, aluhlaza futhi kwesinye isikhathi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ama-octopus anezungeze Izinzwa ezingama-500,000,000, kufana nokuba nenja futhi kuphindwe kayisithupha kunegundane.
- Itende ngalinye le-octopus linalo nxazonke Izigidigidi ezingama-40 zamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke, kubhekwa ukuthi ngamunye, ngamunye, uyisitho esikhulu sezinzwa.
- Njengoba ingenawo amathambo, i-octopus isebenzisa imisipha njengesakhiwo esiyinhloko somzimba, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo nokuphambana kwayo. Kuyindlela yokulawula izimoto.
- Kunobudlelwano phakathi kwama-receptor olfactory ebuchopho be-octopus nohlelo lwayo lokuzala. Bayakwazi ukukhomba izakhi zamakhemikhali zamanye ama-octopus ezintanta emanzini, kufaka phakathi ngezinkomishi zawo zokudonsa.
Umbhalo wezincwadi
UNir Nesher, uGuy Levy, uFrank W. Grasso, uBinyamin Hochner "Indlela Yokuzibona Phakathi Kwesikhumba NamaSuckers Ivimbela Izikhali Ze-Octopus Ekuphazamaneni" CellPress Meyi 15, 2014
UScott L. Hooper "Ukulawulwa Kwezimoto: Ukubaluleka Kokuqina "CellPress Nov 10, 2016
UCaroline B. Albertin, Oleg Simakov, Therese Mitros, Z. Yan Wang, Judit R. Pungor, Eric Edsinger-Gonzales, Sydney Brenner, Clifton W. Ragsdale, Daniel S. Rokhsar "I-octopus genome nokuvela kwe-cephalopod neural and morphological izinto ezintsha "Imvelo 524 Aug 13, 2015
UBinyamin Hochner "Umbono Ohlanganisiwe We-Octopus Neurobiology" CellPress Oct 1, 2012
U-Ilaria Zarrella, uGiovanna Ponte, u-Elena Baldascino noGraziano Fiorito "Ukufunda nokukhumbula ku-Octopus vulgaris: icala le-plasticity yezinto eziphilayo" Umbono Wamanje ku-Neurobiology, sciencedirect, 2015-12-01
UJulian K. Finn, uTom Tregenza, uMark D. Norman "Ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokuvikela ku-octopus ephethe kakhukhunathi "CellPress Oct 10, 2009