-Delile
- Kuyini ukuguqulwa komzimba?
- Izinhlobo ze-metamorphosis
- ukuguqulwa kwesinambuzane
- I-Amphibian metamorphosis
- Izigaba ze-metamorphosis elula
- Izigaba ze-metamorphosis ephelele ezinambuzaneni
- Izigaba ze-metamorphosis kuma-amphibians
- Yiziphi izilwane ezine-metamorphosis?
THE ukuguqulwa komzimba, e-zoology, iqukethe uguquko olutholwa yizilwane ezithile ezidlula zisuka kolunye uhlobo luye kolunye, ngokulandelana okuvamile, kusukela ekuzalweni kuye ekubeni umuntu omdala. kuyingxenye ye- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi alithinti umzimba wakho kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuziphatha kwakho nendlela ophila ngayo.
Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal, sizochaza ukuthi ini izilwane ezibhekana nokuguqulwa komzimba ekukhuleni kwazo, futhi ichaza nokuthi izigaba ze-metamorphosis zinjani noma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-metamorphosis ezikhona. Funda futhi uthole konke mayelana nale nqubo!
Kuyini ukuguqulwa komzimba?
Ukuqonda kangcono kusho ukuthini "ukuguqulwa komzimba’, kufanele sazi eyakho i-etymology. Leli gama lisuselwa esiGrekini futhi liqukethe la magama alandelayo: umgomo (Ngaphezu kwalokho), umorfhe (umdwebo noma umumo) kanye -osis (ushintsho lwesimo), ngakho-ke, kungaba ngukuguqulwa kusuka entweni eyodwa kuye kwenye.
Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa komzimba ezilwaneni ushintsho olungazelelwe nolungalungiseki ku i-physiology, i-morphology nokuziphatha. Kuyisikhathi empilweni yesilwane esihambelana nokudlula kusuka kwifomu lesibungu kuya kwifomu yobusha noma yabantu abadala. Kuthinta izinambuzane, ezinye izinhlanzi nezilwane ezithile eziphila ezweni, kodwa hhayi izilwane ezincelisayo.
Lesi sigaba sokukhula sibonakala ngokuzalwa kwesibungu esizimele, esingakwazi ukuzala kabusha ngokocansi size sifinyelele esigabeni saso sobusha noma sabantu abadala, esaziwa ngokuthi "imago"noma"isigaba sokugcinaNgaphezu kwalokho, izimo ze-metamorphosis azigcini nje ngokukha phezulu, kodwa futhi zibandakanya izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu esilwaneni, njenge:
- Ukuguqulwa komzimba
- Ukuguqulwa kwezicubu zomzimba
- Ukujwayela indawo entsha
Izinhlobo ze-metamorphosis
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi yini i-metamorphosis, sizochaza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona. Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi, ngenkathi ezinambuzaneni kukhona ushintsho ezingeni lamaselula, kuma-amphibians kubandakanya ukushintshwa kwezicubu zesilwane, ngakho-ke izinqubo ezahlukene. Thola ngezansi ukuthi yini umehluko okhona phakathi kwama-metamorphoses ezinambuzane ezimbili nokuthi ahluke kanjani ekuguquguqukeni kwe-amphibian:
ukuguqulwa kwesinambuzane
sibona ezinambuzaneni izinhlobo ezimbili ze-metamorphosis, ngokungafani nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, ezithola eyodwa kuphela. Okulandelayo, sizochaza ukuthi ziqukethe ini:
- i-hemimetabolism: eyaziwa nangokuthi i-metamorphosis elula, elula, noma engaphelele. Kulolu hlobo lwe-metamorphosis, umuntu akasizwani nesigaba se "pupa", okungukuthi, akanaso isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Idla njalo, ngaleyo ndlela inyuse usayizi wayo, ize ifinyelele esigabeni sayo sokukhula. Ngaphakathi kohlobo, ifomu ngalinye lokuphila linokuzivumelanisa kwalo nemvelo. Abanye izibonelo yezilwane ezihlushwa i-hemimetabolism ngama-lobster nezimbungulu.
- IHolometabolism: Yaziwa nangokuthi i-metamorphosis ephelele noma eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulokhu sibona izigaba ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene futhi zonke zigcina esigabeni se-pupal (okungadlula amasonto ngisho neminyaka, kuya ngohlobo lwazo) kuze kuzalwe imago. Sibona ushintsho olukhulu engxenyeni yomuntu ngamunye. Ezinye izibonelo zezilwane ezenziwa i-holometabolism uvemvane, impukane, umiyane, inyosi noma ibhungane.
- ametabolism: ebizwa nangokuthi "ametabolia", ibhekisa ezinambuzaneni nakuma-arthropods okuthi, lapho efinyelela esigabeni se-nymph, aveze ukufana okuthile nefomu lomuntu omdala. Noma kunjalo, ayikhiqizi ukuguqulwa komzimba, intuthuko eqondile. Abanye izibonelo yizintwala nezibungu.
Ezinambuzaneni, i-metamorphosis ilawulwa yi- "ecdysone", i-hormone ye-steroid engenawo ama-hormone wezingane futhi edlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni izici zesibungu zomzimba wesilwane. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ifayela le- inkinga ekhulayo: izibulala-zinambuzane eziningana zinezici ezifana nalezi mahormone ezingane, ngendlela ezigcina zivimbela ukuguquguquka komuntu ngokuzivimbela ngokuphelele.
I-Amphibian metamorphosis
"Ukuguqulwa komzimba kwama-amphibiya kungumphumela wesenzo sehomoni yegilo. (Gudernatsch, 1912) Okuhlangenwe nakho kukhombisa ukuthi ukufakelwa kwe-thyroid noma ukwelashwa kwe-thyroid kubangela ukuguqulwa komzimba."
Ekuguqukeni kwama-amphibians, siyabona okunye kufana nezinambuzane, njengoba nabo bedlula esigabeni sesibungu (tadpole) nesigaba se-pupal (tadpole enezitho) ngaphambi kokubeletha imago, okungaba yisigaba sabadala. O isibonelo okuvame kakhulu ixoxo.
Ngemuva kwesigaba se- "prometamorphosis", lapho izinzwane zezilwane sezibonakala, ulwelwesi oluhlangana phakathi olubizwa ngokuthi isundu lubaxhuma bakhe inqina yokubhukuda emise okwegundane. Lapho-ke i-hormone ebizwa nge- "pituitary" idlula egazini iye endlaleni yegilo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kuvusa ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni T4, okuyi kubangela ukuguquguquka okuphelele.
Okulandelayo, sizokhombisa ukuthi izigaba ze-metamorphosis zikhiqizwa kanjani ngokuya ngohlobo ngalunye.
Izigaba ze-metamorphosis elula
Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono ukuguquguquka okulula noma okungaphelele, sizokukhombisa isibonelo sesimo sesikhonyane. Izalwa ngeqanda elivundile bese iqala ukukhula ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kokudlula esigabeni se-chrysalis. Phakathi nezigaba zokuqala ayinazo izimpiko, njengoba izovela kamuva lapho iguquka. Futhi, ayivuthwa ngokocansi ize ifinyelele esigabeni sayo sobudala.
Izigaba ze-metamorphosis ephelele ezinambuzaneni
Ukuchaza ukuguqulwa okuphelele noma okuyinkimbinkimbi, sikhetha i-butterfly metamorphosis. Kuqala, njengasesimweni esedlule, kusuka eqandeni elivundile, elichamisela isibungu. Lo muntu uzondla futhi akhule kuze kube yilapho ama-hormone eqala ukudala ushintsho lwesigaba. Isibungu sizoqala ukuzisonga ngentambo esiyifihlayo, size sakhe i-chrysalis esiyimboza ngokuphelele.
Ngalesi sikhathi sokubonakala kokungasebenzi, isibungu sizoqala ukuphinda sisebenzise izitho zaso zobusha futhi siguqule umzimba waso ngokuphelele, size sikhule imilenze namaphiko. Ingahlala izinsuku noma amasonto. Ekugcineni, isiphungumangathi sizovuleka, sinikeze ibhu elidala.
Izigaba ze-metamorphosis kuma-amphibians
Ukuchaza izigaba ze-metamorphosis kuma-amphibians, sikhethe ukuguquguquka kweselesele. Amaqanda amaxoxo avundiswa emanzini ngenkathi ezungezwe isisindo se-gelatinous esiwavikelayo. Zizothuthuka kuze kube yilapho izibungu sezakhiwe ngokuphelele bese kuzalwa unoshobishobi, onenhloko nomsila. Njengoba unoshobishozi wondla futhi uthuthuka, uzoqala ukuvela imilenze futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isibalo sexoxo lomuntu omdala. Ekugcineni, lapho ilahlekelwa ngumsila, kuzothathwa njengexoxo elikhulile nelikhulile ngokobulili.
Yiziphi izilwane ezine-metamorphosis?
Ekugcineni, sikhombisa uhlu oluncane lwamaqembu ezilwane kusuka ku- izilwane ezibhekana nokuguqulwa komzimba ekuthuthukisweni kwayo:
- lissamphibians
- Ama-Anuran
- Abaphos
- Ama-Urodels
- ama-arthropods
- Izinambuzane
- AmaCrustaceans
- echinoderms
- AmaMolluscs (ngaphandle kwama-cephalopods)
- izinhlungu
- Izinhlanzi zeSalmoniform
- Izinhlanzi ze-Anguilliformes
- Izinhlanzi zePleuronectiform
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izilwane ezidlula ekuguqulweni komzimba, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.