-Delile
- Ngabe izilwane zinemizwa?
- Imizwa Yezinja: Incazelo Yesayensi
- Ngakho-ke, inja inemizwa?
- Ungazi kanjani ukuthi inja yami iyangithanda
Uma ubheka emehlweni omngane wakho omkhulu, awunakukwazi ukuphika ukuthi izinja zinemizwa, akunjalo? Osukwini lwethu nosuku, sakha ifayili le- isibopho sobungani nokwethembana nabangane bethu abanoboya. Isikhathi ngasinye okwabelwana ngaso sibonakala singubufakazi bokuthi izinja ziyakwazi ukuzwa imizwa ehlukahlukene futhi ziyiveze ngolimi lomzimba noma ngezwi elihlukile.
Njengomfundisi, ufunda ukutolika isimo sobuso bethu, ukuma kwethu nokuziphatha kwethu ukuxhumana nabo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyakwazi ukubona ngokushesha lapho inja yakho ijabule, idabukile, isaba noma izama ukukucela okuthile. Kepha ngabe lokho kusho ukuthi izinja zinemizwa nokucabanga? Noma ngabantu abavame ukubonisa imizwa ezinjeni, babanikeze izici zabantu namandla abo?
Kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal, sizochaza ukuthi isayensi ithini ngokuthi ngabe inja inemizwa maqondana nabantu, nezinye izinja nezilwane. Qhubeka ufunde ukuthola imizwa nemizwa yezinja!
Ngabe izilwane zinemizwa?
Intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe yenze ukuthi kube lula ukubona ukuthi izilwane ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezincelisayo, ziyahlangabezana imizwelo eyisisekelo iyefana neyabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banezakhi zobuchopho ezifanayo nezethu, futhi bacubungula imizwa ezindaweni ezijulile zobuchopho ezakha uhlelo lwe-limbic.
Imizwelo iqondwa njengohlobo olubanzi lwe izimpendulo ze-hormonal ne-neurochemical ezihambisana nesistimu ye-limbic yobuchopho, futhi ebeka umuntu ukuba asabele ngendlela ethile lapho ebona ukugqugquzela kwangaphandle ngezinzwa zakhe, ekuhumusha umsebenzi we-neuronal. Le nqubo yokuhumusha ivumela abantu nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukuthi bezwe imizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Uma ubheka izilwane endaweni yazo, noma inja yakho ekhaya, uzobona ngokusobala ukuthi zisabela ngendlela ehluke kakhulu emizweni emihle efana nenjabulo nemizwa emibi efana nokwesaba. Kuyacaca futhi ukuthi izilwane ziyizidalwa ezinemizwa ezingathuthuka izibopho ezithintekayo nabantu nezinye izilwane, ngaphezu kokuzwa ubuhlungu nokucindezeleka lapho behlelwa imvelo engemihle, ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukunganakwa.
Kepha lokhu kwanele ukusho ukuthi izilwane zinemizwa? Ngezansi, sizochaza kangcono umehluko phakathi kwemizwa nemizwa ngokwesayensi, sigxile embuzweni obalulekile wale ndatshana, wokuthi izinja zinemizwa yini.
Imizwa Yezinja: Incazelo Yesayensi
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza uma izinja zinemizwa noma umuzwa wemvelo, kepha iqiniso ukuthi lezi yizinto ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu. Imvelo ingachazwa, ngendlela emfushane kakhulu futhi eyenziwe lula, njengemoto yemvelo neyazalwa eyenza ophilayo asabele ezintweni ezahlukahlukene. Kuyinto etholakala ngokwemvelo yezilwane, edluliswa isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye ngezakhi zofuzo, njenge amandla okuguquguquka lokho kuvumela ukusinda kwabo.
Yize sekuphele inqubo ende yokufuya, izinja futhi zigcina izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha, ezifana nesazela sabaphathi (esaziwa nangokuthi "pack pack"), isizingeli sokuzingela kanye "nomkhuba" wokumaka indawo. Kepha lokho akusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuzwa noma ukuzwa imizwa ehlukile. O isazela siyingxenye yemvelo yemvelo ye-canine., kanye nekhono lokuba nemizwa noma imizwa akulinyazwa ukulondolozwa kwemvelo. Abantu ngokwabo futhi bagcina ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezihlotshaniswa nethuku lokusinda, elingathathwa njengethambo eliyisisekelo nesisekelo kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ngakho-ke, inja inemizwa?
Hhayi kahle. Ake siye ezingxenyeni ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi kungani isimangalo sokuthi izinja zinemizwa singaphelele.Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, izinja zinemizwa (njengezinye izilwane eziningi) futhi uzizwe ngendlela efanayo neyabantu. Esinye sezifundo ezibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kutholakala senziwa ngu isazi sezinzwaUGregory Berns, wase-Emory University, othathe isinqumo sokuqeqesha izinja eziningana ukuthi zivumelane nomshini wamagnetic resonance (resonance osebenza ngamandla kazibuthe), ovumela ukuthwebula izithombe zomsebenzi wobuchopho. Kungani singeke sithi izinja zinemizwa?
kahle ngoba i-psychology ngokwesiko yehlukanisa imizwa emizweni. Njengoba sibonile, imizwa iqukethe ikakhulukazi izimpendulo ze-neuronal, zamakhemikhali, nezamahomoni ezibeka umuntu engcupheni yokuthi enze ngendlela ethile lapho ebhekene nesikhuthazo esithile. Isibonelo, injabulo umuzwa ongenza inja imamatheke ekuphenduleni kokufika komnikazi wayo ekhaya.
Ngokulandelayo, imizwa ihlotshaniswa nohlelo lwe-limbic, kodwa kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuqondayo, ngaphezu kokubekeka okuzenzekelayo kuzimpendulo ezithile. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngemizwa njengemizwelo, njengoba ibingathola ngokunembile ekubonisweni okujwayelekile nangokujwayelekile kwemizwa, ikakhulu kubhekwe isipiliyoni sokuzithoba somuntu ngamunye (ukuthi umuntu ngamunye uzizwela kanjani imizwa yakhe).
Ngakho-ke, inkinga enkulu esinayo namuhla ukusho lokho izilwane zinemizwa (kufaka phakathi izinja) ukuthi ulwazi lwethu lwe uhlelo lokuqonda Okwamanje abakasivumeli ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi bayazindla yini ngemizwa yabo. Lokho wukuthi, asinabo ubufakazi besayensi obukhombisa ukuthi izinja nezinye izilwane ziyakwazi ukuxhuma imizwa ethile ezihlangabezana nayo ezimweni ezithile nemicabango eyinkimbinkimbi ngalolo lwazi.
Ake sithi ukusho ukuthi izinja zinemizwa engaphezu kwemizwa, ubomvu bakho buzodinga cabanga ngenjabulo indlela azizwa ngayo lapho ekubona ungena ekhaya, ukuze ufike esiphethweni sokuthi ukusabela kwakhe okuzenzekelayo kokunikina umsila wakhe ngamandla noma ukumamatheka kungenxa yothando lwakhe ngawe. Kepha kuze kube manje, isayensi nobuchwepheshe abukwazanga ukukhombisa lolu hlobo lwe ukucabanga okuyinkimbinkimbi nokucabangayo ezinjeni.
Ngakho-ke ngenkathi sazi ukuthi izilwane nezinja zinemizwa, asikwazi ukusho ngezizathu zesayensi ukuthi nazo zinemizwa. Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinja azibhekwa njengezinemizwa yecala, ngoba, ukuze bazizwe benecala, kuzodingeka bacabange ngento abayenzile ebhekwa njengembi noma engathandeki esikweni lethu.
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi inja yami iyangithanda
Umzimba wezinja nawo ukhiqiza i- i-oxytocin, Okudume kakhulu njenge "i-hormone yothando"Okunye okubhekwe kakhulu ocwaningweni olubalulwe ngenhla lukaDkt. Berns ukuthi impendulo enhle kakhulu yezinja kuzo zonke izinja yenzeka lapho ibona ukunuka "komuntu wakho oyintandokazi", ivuselela isifunda sobuchopho esaziwa njenge-caudate nucleus, esihlotshaniswa nothando kuzinja nakubantu.
Lapho inja ibona iphunga lomnakekeli wayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nekhaya layo, lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa nokwehlukaniswa kwe-oxytocin, futhi yilokho okuvumela ubomvu bayo ukuthi bubukeke ngijabule futhi ngijabule lapho ekubona noma ehlanganyela izikhathi ezinhle nawe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olwenziwe yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo u-Andrea Beetz lwembula ukuthi izinja nabantu bathola ukwanda okufana kakhulu kwamazinga e-oxytocin ngemuva kokuhlanganyela isikhathi esingangesikhathi semizuzu eyishumi. Ngemuva kwalokho, bobabili bathola izinzuzo lokhu kuhlangana, nezinja zikuthokozela kakhulu njengabantu ukuba senkampanini yalabo ababenzela okuhle.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokuthola isasasa noma umuzwa wenhlalakahle ngezikhathi ezithile lapho benabanakekeli babo, izinja nazo zine inkumbulo enhle kakhulu, nayo ehlotshaniswa nezinzwa ezithuthuke kahle. Kungakho inja ingajabula kakhulu ukuphinde ihlangane nomuntu noma enye inja, noma ngabe sekuphele izinyanga noma iminyaka bagcina ukubonana.
Vele, izinja azibonisi uthando lwazo ngendlela efanayo neyabantu, njengoba ukuziphatha kwezinja zenhlalo nolimi lomzimba kuqondiswa ngamakhodi ahlukile. Kungakho inja yakho mhlawumbe ingazizwa ikhululekile ngokugona, kepha ikhombisa uthando ngendlela ezenzekelayo, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa kwayo ukwethembeka okungenamibandela.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Unomuzwa wenja?, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.