-Delile
- Ingabe ufezela uyinambuzane?
- imvelaphi kofezela
- IScorpion Anatomy
- konke mayelana nofezela
- ukuziphatha kofezela
- Bahlala kuphi ofezela?
- Ukudla kweScorpion
- yimuphi ufezela onobuthi
- Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ngemuva kokulunywa ngofezela
- Okufanele ukwenze uma kunesibhobo sikofezela
- Ezinye izifiso zofezela
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1 000 ofezela emhlabeni. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lacraus noma i-alacraus, zibonakala ngokuba izilwane ezinobuthi ezinomzimba ohlukanisiwe kuma-metamer amaningana, uzipho olukhulu kanye nesiteki esimakiwe endaweni engemuva komzimba. Zihlala cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba ngaphansi kwamatshe noma iziqu zemithi futhi zondla izilwane ezincane ezinjengezinambuzane noma izicabucabu.
Kanye nama-pycnogonid aziwayo, bakha iqembu lama-cheliceriformes, abonakala kakhulu ngokuba khona kwe-chelicerae nokungabikho kwezimpondo. Kodwa-ke, banezinye izimfanelo noma izimfanelo eziningi ezenza lezi zilwane arthropods zithakazelise kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge izici ze-scorpion, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda le ndatshana ngabakwaPeritoAnimal.
Ingabe ufezela uyinambuzane?
Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane nokwakheka komzimba kuhlukaniswe kwaba izingxenye ezilezi zilwane, singacabanga ukuthi yizinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, yize zombili zingama-arthropods, ofezela bahlobene nezicabucabu, njengoba zingezesigaba sama-Arachnids se-subphylum chelicerates.
Ama-Scorpions abonakala ngokuba khona kwe-chelicerae nokungabikho kwezimpondo, kuyilapho izinambuzane zingezesigaba se-Insecta, esifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-subphylum yama-hexapods futhi asinazo lezi zici zama-chelicerates. Ngakho-ke, singakusho lokho ufezela akayona inambuzane, uyi-arachnid.
Igama likafezela, yebo, lincike ezinhlotsheni. I-scorpion ephuzi, isibonelo, yi- I-Tityus serrulatus. Igama lesayensi le-emperor scorpion yi IPandinus Imperator.
imvelaphi kofezela
Imininingwane ye-Fossil ikhombisa ukuthi ofezela babonakala njengezindlela zasemanzini cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-400 edlule futhi kamuva yanqoba imvelo yasemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuma kwamaphaphu ala ma-arthropods kufana nokuma kwezinhlungu ze-Eurypterids, izilwane ezi-chelicerate esezivele zingasekho endaweni yasolwandle futhi lapho abanye ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi ofezela banamuhla basemhlabeni batholakala.
IScorpion Anatomy
Uma sibheka manje izici zoofezela ezibhekisa ku-anatomy ne-morphology yabo, singasho ukuthi ofezela banomzimba ohlukaniswe izifunda ezimbili: prosome noma isifunda esedlule kanye ne- umabhebhana noma isifunda sangemuva, esakhiwe iqoqo lamasegmenti noma ama-metamers. Kulesi sakamuva, izingxenye ezimbili nazo zingahlukaniswa: i-mesosome ne-metasome. Ubude bomzimba bofezela bungahluka kakhulu. Ufezela omkhulu kunayo yonke eyake yatholakala ufinyelela ku-21 cm ngenkathi kukhona ezinye ezingafinyeleli kumamilimitha ayi-12.
Ku-prossoma bane-carapace enama-ocelli amabili aphakathi (amehlo alula) kanye nama-2-5 ngazimbili ze-lateral ocelli. Ngakho-ke, ofezela bangaba namehlo amabili kuya kwayishumi. Kulesi sifunda kutholakala nezengezo zesilwane eziqukethe i- i-chelicera noma okokukhulumela, ama-pedipalps amabili uzipho-luphelile futhi imilenze eyisishiyagalombili echaziwe.
Endaweni yama-messoma yi i-operculum yesitho sangasese, equkethe amapuleti amabili afihla isitho sangasese sobulili. Ngemuva kwale operculum yi ipuleti lepectin, esebenza njengendawo yokuhlangana ye- amakama, izakhiwo zofezela ezine-chemoreceptor kanye nomsebenzi wokuthinta. Ku-mesosome kukhona futhi ama-stigmas ayi-8 noma ukuvuleka kokuphefumula okuhambelana ne- amaphaphu amahle, afana namakhasi ezincwadi zezilwane. Ngakho-ke, ofezela benza ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu. Ngokufanayo, kwi-messoma kunohlelo lokugaya ofezela.
I-metasome yakhiwa ngamamitha amancane kakhulu enza uhlobo lwendandatho ekugcineni okukhona kuyo Inyongo enobuthi. Kugcina ngokutinyela, isici sikofezela, lapho kungenela khona indlala ekhiqiza into enobuthi. Thola ngezinhlobo eziyi-15 zofezela kule enye indatshana.
konke mayelana nofezela
Izici zoofezela azigcini ngokubukeka kwazo kuphela, kodwa nasekuziphatheni kwazo, futhi lapho sizoqala khona.
ukuziphatha kofezela
Lezi zilwane imvamisa ubusuku, njengoba bethanda ukuphuma bayofuna ukudla ebusuku futhi bangasebenzi phakathi nosuku, okubavumela ukuba balahlekelwe amanzi kancane futhi balondoloze izinga lokushisa kangcono.
Ukuziphatha kwabo ngesikhathi sokuzalisa kuphawuleka kakhulu, njengoba benza uhlobo lwe umdanso womshado phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane isici kakhulu. Okokuqala, owesilisa ubeka isidoda esinesidoda phansi bese kuthi, lapho ebamba insikazi, ayidonse ayibeke ngaphezulu kwe-spermatophore. Ekugcineni, owesilisa ucindezela owesifazane phansi ukuze afake ingcindezi ku-spermatophore futhi isidoda sivulekele ukuvumela isidoda ukuthi singene kowesifazane.
Bahlala kuphi ofezela?
Indawo yokuhlala ofezela yehluke kakhulu, njengoba itholakala ezindaweni ezinotshani obukhulu iye ezindaweni yomile kakhulu, kodwa njalo ifihlwe ngaphansi kwamatshe nezingodo emini, okungesinye sezici ezimelela kakhulu i-alacraus. Bahlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwezindawo lapho amazinga okushisa abanda kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, sithola izinhlobo ezinjenge I-Euscorpius flaviaudis, ohlala ezwenikazi i-Afrika naseningizimu yeYurophu noma izinhlobo ezinjenge Inkolelo-ze donensis, etholakala emazweni ehlukene eMelika.
Ukudla kweScorpion
Ama-Scorpions yizilwane ezidla inyama futhi, njengoba sishilo, zizingela ebusuku. Banekhono lokuthola isisulu sabo ngokudlidliza okusemoyeni, phansi nangamasiginali amakhemikhali. Ukudla kwakho kuqukethe izinambuzane ezifana namakhilikithi, amaphela, izimpukane ngisho nezicabucabu, kepha bangaphinde badle izibankwa, amagundane amancane, izinyoni ngisho nabanye ofezela.
yimuphi ufezela onobuthi
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezempilo, babhaliswa Izingozi eziyi-154,812 ngofezela eBrazil ngo-2019. Leli nani limele u-58.3% wazo zonke izingozi ezinezilwane ezinobuthi ezweni.[1]
O Ingozi ofezela kuyinto okuguqukayo, njengoba kuya ngohlobo. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo zinokuthula okukhulu futhi zivikela zona kuphela uma zihlaselwa, ezinye zinolaka kakhulu futhi zinobuthi obunamandla obuningi obukwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu kulabo abahlangana nabo.
Bonke ofezela banobuthi futhi zinobuhlungu obukwaziyo ukubulala izinambuzane, isisulu sazo esiyinhloko. Kepha yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela eziyingozi kithina bantu. THE ufezela kubangela, ezimweni eziningi, umuzwa ofanayo nowezinyosi, okusho ukuthi kubuhlungu impela.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezinazo ubuthi obubulalayo okwabantu, njengoba kunjalo ngofezela olunomsila omnyama (I-Androctonus bicolor). Udosi lwalesi sifezela lubangela ukuboshwa ngokuphefumula.
Isihlungu se-Scorpion sisebenza kanzima futhi ngokushesha kwizisulu zaso futhi sihlukaniswa njenge-neurotoxic njengoba sisebenza ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Ubuthi obunjalo bungabangela ukufa kwe-asphyxia futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka kwezimoto nokuvinjelwa kwemiyalo ebhekele ukuphefumula.
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ngemuva kokulunywa ngofezela
Phakathi kwezimpawu ezibangelwa ubuthi be-scorpion yilezi:
- Ubuhlungu esifundeni esiqhekekile
- Ububomvu
- Ukuvuvukala
Ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, i-scorpion sting nayo ingadala:
- ukuhlanza
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- isicanucanu
- ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- amathe amaningi
Okufanele ukwenze uma kunesibhobo sikofezela
Lapho umuntu ehlupheka a ufezela, isincomo ukuthi asheshe aye esibhedlela futhi, uma kungenzeka, asibambe asihambise isilwane esibhedlela ukuze ithimba labezokwelapha likwazi ukubona i-serum efanelekile yokulwa nofezela. Ukuthatha isithombe sesilwane nakho kungasiza.
I-serum ayikhonjiswa njalo, kuya ngohlobo lofezela nobuthi bayo. Uchwepheshe wezempilo kuphela ongenza lokhu kuhlola futhi enze ukuxilongwa. Futhi yazi ukuthi ayikho imishanguzo yasekhaya yokwelapha ukulunywa. Noma kunjalo, kunezinyathelo ezithile okufanele zithathwe lapho utholwa ngofezela, njengokuhlanza indawo yokuluma ngensipho namanzi hhayi ukusika noma ukukhama indawo ethintekile.
Ezinye izifiso zofezela
Manje njengoba usuyazi main izici ze-scorpion, le eminye imininingwane enesifiso ingathakazelisa kakhulu:
- Bangaphila phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 nengu-6, kepha kunezimo lapho zingahlala khona isikhathi eside kunalokho
- Emazweni athile, njengeMexico, lezi zilwane zaziwa njenge- “alacraus”. Eqinisweni, ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe elifanayo, ofezela abancane babizwa nangokuthi i-alacraus.
- Ingabe i-ovoviviparous noma i-viviparous futhi inani lenzalo lihluka phakathi kuka-1 no-100. Ngemuva kokuhamba kwabo, ofezela abadala babanikeza ukunakekelwa kwabazali.
- Zisebenzisa ikakhulu uzipho lwazo olukhulu ukuzingela inyamazane yazo. Umjovo wobuhlungu ngezinduku zawo usetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni zokuvikela noma zokubamba inyamazane enzima kakhulu.
- Kwamanye amazwe, njengeChina, la mathambo adliwa ngabantu, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi nawo ayelapha.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izici zeScorpion, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.