Izici ze-Amphibian

Umlobi: John Stephens
Usuku Lokudalwa: 28 Ujanuwari 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 20 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
When the black jaguar finds the armadillo in front of it
Ividiyo: When the black jaguar finds the armadillo in front of it

-Delile

Ama-Amphibians akha iqembu bakudala kakhulu vertebrate. Igama labo lisho ukuthi "impilo embaxa-mbili" (amphi = both and bios = life) futhi bayizilwane ezi-ectothermic, okusho ukuthi bathembele emithonjeni yangaphandle yokushisa ukulawula ibhalansi yabo yangaphakathi. Futhi, zingama-amniote, njengezinhlanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imibungu yakho ayizungeziwe ulwelwesi: amnion.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvela kwezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini nokuhamba kwabo besuka emanzini beya ezweni kwenzeka ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka. Okhokho bakho baphila cishe Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-350 edlule, ekugcineni kweDevoniya, futhi imizimba yabo yayiqinile, inemilenze emide, iyisicaba futhi ineminwe eminingi. Lawa kwakungu-Acanthostega ne-Icthyostega, okwakungaphambi kwawo wonke ama-tetrapods esiwaziyo namuhla. Ama-Amphibian asatshalaliswa umhlaba wonke, yize engekho ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezindaweni ezibandayo nezise-Antarctic nakwezinye iziqhingi zasolwandle. Qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal futhi uzokuqonda konke izici zasemanzini, izici zabo nezindlela zabo zokuphila.


Yini ama-amphibians?

Ama-Amphibian yizilwane ezinomgogodla we-tetrapod, okungukuthi, zinamathambo nezitho ezine. Iqembu lezilwane elihluke kakhulu, njengoba zithola ukuguqulwa komzimba okuzivumela ukuthi zidlule kusuka esigabeni sesibungu ziye esigabeni sabadala, okusho nokuthi, ezimpilweni zabo zonke, banezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphefumula.

Izinhlobo zama-amphibians

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-amphibians, ahlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

  • Ama-Amphibians we-oda Gymnophiona: kuleli qembu, kunama-caecilians kuphela, umzimba wawo ofana nowezikelemu, kodwa onemilenze emine emifushane kakhulu.
  • Ama-Amphibians we-oda leCaudata: wonke ama-amphibian anemisila, njengama-salamanders nama-newt.
  • Ama-Amphibians we-oda lika-Anura: abanamsila futhi baziwa kakhulu. Ezinye izibonelo amasele kanye nezinja.

Izici ze-Amphibian

Phakathi kwezici zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, okulandelayo kuyabonakala:


I-metamorphosis yama-amphibians

Ama-Amphibian anezici ezithile ezithile endleleni yawo yokuphila. Ngokungafani nawo wonke amanye ama-tetrapods, ahamba ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-metamorphosis, lapho isibungu, okungukuthi unwabu, siba khona phenduka ube umuntu omdala futhi idlula kusuka ekuphefumuleni kwe-branchial kuya ekuphefumuleni kwamaphaphu. Phakathi nale nqubo, kwenzeka izinguquko eziningi ezakhiweni nezingokomzimba, lapho umzimba uzilungiselela khona ukusuka empilweni yasemanzini ukuya emhlabeni wasemhlabeni.

Iqanda lasemanzini lifakwa emanzini; ngakho-ke, lapho isibungu sichanyuselwa, sinemiphunga yokuphefumula, umsila nomlomo oyisiyingi ongakudla. Ngemuva kwesikhashana emanzini, izobe isilungele ukuguqulwa komzimba, lapho izobhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu kusukela ukunyamalala komsila nezinyongo, njengakwamanye ama-salamanders (i-Urodelos), ukwenza izinguquko ezinkulu ezinhlelweni zemvelo, njengakumaxoxo (ama-Anurans). O okulandelayo nakho kuyenzeka:


  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphethelo angaphandle nangemuva;
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo amathambo;
  • Ukukhula kwamaphaphu;
  • Ukwahlukaniswa kwezindlebe namehlo;
  • Izinguquko zesikhumba;
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izitho kanye nezinzwa;
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Neuronal.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zama-salamanders zingakwazi awudingi ukuguqulwa komzimba futhi sifinyelele esimweni somuntu omdala esinezici zesibungu, njengobukhona bezinhlungu, ezenza zibukeke njengomuntu omncane omncane. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-neoteny.

isikhumba sasemanzini

Zonke izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, okusho i-Urodelos noma iCaudata (ama-salamanders), ama-Anuras (amasele) noGimnophiona (ama-caecilians), bebonke babizwa ngeLissanphibia, futhi leli gama lisuselwa ekutheni lezi zilwane ungabi nasikali esikhunjeni, ngakho-ke "unqunu". Azinalo olunye ulwelwesi lwesikhumba njengamanye ama-vertebrate, kungaba izinwele, izimpaphe noma izikali, ngaphandle kwama-caecilians, isikhumba sawo esimbozwe uhlobo lwe "dermal scale".

Ngokwesinye isandla, isikhumba sakho sincane kakhulu, okusiza ukuphefumula kwesikhumba sabo, kuyangena futhi kunikezwa i-vascularization ecebile, izingulube nezindlala (kwezinye izimo ezinobuthi) ezibavumela ukuthi bazivikele ekulimaleni kwemvelo nakwabanye abantu, basebenze njengezindlela zabo zokuqala zokuzivikela.

Izinhlobo eziningi, njengama-dendrobatids (amaxoxo anobuthi), anazo imibala ekhanyayo kakhulu ezibavumela ukuthi banikeze "isexwayiso" kubadli babo, njengoba behlaba umxhwele kakhulu, kepha lo mbala cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi uhlotshaniswa nezindlala ezinobuthi. Lokhu ngokwemvelo kubizwa ngokuthi yi-animal aposematism, okuwumbala oyisixwayiso ngokuyisisekelo.

Amathambo Amphibian and Extremities

Leli qembu lezilwane linokuhlukahluka okuningi ngokuya ngamathambo alo maqondana namanye ama-vertebrate. Ngesikhathi sokuvela kwabo, bona ilahlekile futhi yaguqula amathambo amaningi yezingaphambili, kepha ukhalo lwakhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, luthuthuke kakhulu.

Imilenze yangaphambili inezinzwane ezine kanti eyangemuva inezinhlanu, futhi zinabile ukugxuma noma ukubhukuda, ngaphandle kwama-caecilians, alahlekelwe izitho zawo zangemuva ngenxa yendlela abaphila ngayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuya ngohlobo, imilenze yangemuva ingashintshelwa ukugxuma nokubhukuda, kepha futhi nokuhamba.

Umlomo we-Amphibian

Umlomo wama-amphibians ubonakala ngokuba nezici ezilandelayo:

  • Amazinyo abuthakathaka;
  • Umlomo omkhulu futhi obanzi;
  • Ulimi olunemisipha noluyinyama.

Izilimi zase-Amphibian zikwenza lula ukuzondla kwazo, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuphuma ziphume zibambe inyamazane yazo.

Ukudla kwe-Amphibian

Ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ama-amphibians adla yini kuyinkohliso encane, njengoba izilwane eziphila emanzini ziphila kuyehluka ngeminyaka, Ukwazi ukondla uhlaza lwasemanzini ngesikhathi sesibungu kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezincane esigabeni sabantu abadala, njenge:

  • Izikelemu;
  • Izinambuzane;
  • Izicabucabu.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezidlayo ezingadla ama-vertebrate amancane, njengezinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo. Isibonelo salokhu ama-bullfrogs (atholakala ngaphakathi kweqembu lamaxoxo), angabazingeli abangosomathuba futhi imvamisa angancipha lapho ezama ukugwinya inyamazane enkulu kakhulu.

Ukuphefumula kwe-Amphibian

Ama-Amphibians anakho ukuphefumula kwe-gill (esigabeni sayo sesibungu) nesikhumba, sibonga isikhumba sabo esincanyana futhi esingenekayo, esivumela ukuthi bashintshane ngegesi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala banokuphefumula kwamaphaphu futhi, ezinhlotsheni eziningi, bahlanganisa izindlela ezimbili zokuphefumula ezimpilweni zabo zonke.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinhlobo zama-salamanders azinakho ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu, ngakho-ke zisebenzisa kuphela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi esikhunjeni, okuvame ukugoqwa ukuze indawo yokushintshana inyuke.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Amphibian

Ama-Amphibians akhona hlukanisa ubulili, okungukuthi, ziyi-dioecious, futhi kwezinye izimo kune-dimorphism yezocansi, okusho ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane bayahluka. Umanyolo ikakhulukazi ungaphandle kuma-anurans nangaphakathi kwe-urodelus ne-gymnophionas. Yizilwane ezi-oviparous futhi amaqanda azo afakwa emanzini noma enhlabathini enomswakama ukuvimbela ukoma, kepha esimweni sama-salamanders, owesilisa ushiya iphakethe lesidoda ku-substrate, elibizwa ngokuthi i-spermatophore, ukuze liqoqwe kamuva ngabesifazane.

Amaqanda e-Amphibian abekwa ngaphakathi uquqaba frothy eyenziwe ngabazali futhi, nayo, ingavikelwa yi- ulwelwesi lwe-gelatinous okubuye futhi kubavikele ezifweni nasezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Izinhlobo eziningi zinokunakekelwa ngabazali, yize zivamile, futhi lokhu kunakekelwa kunqunyelwe ukuthwala amaqanda emlonyeni noma onoshobishobi emhlane, nokuwahambisa uma kukhona umhlaseli eduze.

Futhi, banazo indle, kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni, futhi kungalesi siteshi lapho kuzaliswa futhi kukhishwe khona.

Ezinye izici zama-amphibians

Ngaphezu kwezici ezingenhla, ama-amphibians nawo ahlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:

  • Inhliziyo encane: banenhliziyo e-tricavitary, enama-atria amabili ne-ventricle eyodwa, nokusakazwa okubili okudlula enhliziyweni. Isikhumba sakho sinemithambo yegazi kakhulu.
  • Yenza izinsizakalo zemvelo: ngoba izinhlobo eziningi zondla izinambuzane ezingaba izinambuzane kwezinye izitshalo noma izakhamzimba zezifo, ezinjengomiyane.
  • Bangama-bioindicators amahle: ezinye izinhlobo zinganikeza imininingwane ngemvelo ezihlala kuyo, njengoba zithola izinto ezinobuthi noma ze-pathogenic esikhunjeni sazo. Lokhu kubangele ukuthi inani labo lehle ezifundeni eziningi zeplanethi.
  • Ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo: kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-8,000 zama-amphibian emhlabeni, ezingaphezu kuka-7,000 ezihambelana nama-anuran, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-700 zama-urodelos futhi ezingaphezu kuka-200 zihambisana nama-gymnophionas.
  • Kusengozini: inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zisengozini noma zisengozini ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nesifo esibizwa nge-chytridiomycosis, esibangelwa yisikhunta se-chytrid, I-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, ebhubhisa kakhulu abantu babo.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izici ze-Amphibian, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.