-Delile
- Umphakathi wezintuthwane: ukuhlangana okuhle
- Ukuzala kwentuthwane
- Indiza Yomshado Wezintuthwane
- Ukuzalwa kwekholoni entsha yezintuthwane
Izintuthwane zingenye yezilwane ezimbalwa ezikwazile kholoni umhlaba, njengoba zitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Kuze kube manje, zingaphezu kuka-14,000,000 izinhlobo zezintuthwane esezitholakele, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ziningi kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zezintuthwane zahlangana nezinye izinhlobo, zakha ubudlelwano obuningi bokubandakanya, kubandakanya nobugqila.
Izintuthwane ziye zaphumelela kakhulu, ngokwengxenye, ngenxa yenhlangano yazo eyinkimbinkimbi yomphakathi, zaba yinto engaphezulu kwezinto lapho isigaba esisodwa sinomsebenzi wokukhiqiza nokuqhubekisela phambili uhlobo. Uma uthola ukuthi le ndaba iyathandeka, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda le ndatshana ngabakwaPeritoAnimal, lapho sizochaza khona, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zikhiqiza kanjani izintuthwane, idlozi lizalela amaqanda amangaki nokuthi lizala kangaki.
Umphakathi wezintuthwane: ukuhlangana okuhle
O intuthwane igama lesayensi é izintuthwane, futhi bayiqembu lezilwane ezihlela ngokwazo ku ubumbano, ifomu eliphakeme kakhulu futhi eliyinkimbinkimbi yenhlangano yezenhlalo emhlabeni wezilwane. Kubonakala nge inhlangano ye-caste, ukuzalanisa okukodwa okunye ukungazali, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isigaba sabasebenzi. Lolu hlobo lomphakathi lwenzeka kuphela kwezinye izinambuzane, njengezintuthwane, izinyosi neminyovu, amanye ama-crustaceans nohlobo olulodwa lwesilwane esincelisayo, i-naked mole rat rat (i-heterocephalus glaber).
Izintuthwane zihlala ngokuzijabulisa, futhi ziyazihlela ukuze intuthwane eyodwa (noma eziningana, ezimweni ezithile) isebenze njenge ukuzala insikazi, kulokho esikwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "Ndlovukazi ". Amadodakazi akhe (hhayi odadewabo) yizisebenzi, enza imisebenzi enjengokunakekela inzalo, ukuqoqa ukudla nokwakha nokwandisa isiduli.
Abanye babo baphethe ukuvikela leli koloni futhi, esikhundleni sabasebenzi, babizwa ngezintuthwane zesosha. Mikhulu kakhulu kunezisebenzi, kodwa mancane kunendlovukazi, futhi anomhlathi othuthukile.
Ukuzala kwentuthwane
Ukuchaza i- ukuzala kwentuthwane, sizoqala kusuka kwikoloni elivuthiwe, lapho i- indlovukazi intuthwane, abasebenzi namasosha. Induli ibhekwa njengokuvuthiwe uma ine cishe Iminyaka emi-4 yokuphila, kuya ngohlobo lwentuthwane.
Isikhathi sokukhiqiza izintuthwane senzeka unyaka wonke ezindaweni ezishisayo zomhlaba, kepha ezindaweni ezipholile nezibandayo, kuphela ngezikhathi zonyaka ezishisa kakhulu. Uma kubanda, ikoloni liyangena ukungasebenzi noma ukulala ubusika bonke.
Indlovukazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda avundile angenamvundiso kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, okuzonikeza abasebenzi namasosha ithuba, uhlobo oluthile noma olunye luzalwa ngokuya ngamahomoni nokudla okufakiwe ezigabeni ezimbili zokuqala zempilo yakhe. Lezi zintuthwane ziyizidalwa ze-haploid (zinengxenye yenani elijwayelekile lama-chromosomes ezinhlobo). idlozi eliyindlovukazi lingalala phakathi kweqanda elilodwa nezinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Ngesikhathi esithile, intuthwane eyindlovukazi izalela amaqanda akhethekile (anama-hormone), yize efana ngokufana namanye. La maqanda akhethekile ngoba aqukethe i- izindlovukazi zesikhathi esizayo nabesilisa. Kuleli qophelo, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi abesifazane ngabantu abangama-haploid kanti abesilisa bangama-diploid (inani elijwayelekile lama-chromosomes ezinhlobo). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaqanda azokhiqiza abesilisa kuphela avundiswa. Kepha kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi zivundiswe uma kungekho abesilisa endaweni yezintuthwane?
Uma unesithakazelo kulolu hlobo lwezilwane, bheka: Izilwane eziyi-13 ezingajwayelekile emhlabeni
Indiza Yomshado Wezintuthwane
Lapho izindlovukazi zesikhathi esizayo nabesilisa bekhula futhi bekhulisa amaphiko abo ngaphansi kokunakekelwa yikholoni, kunikezwe isimo sezulu esifanelekile sokushisa, amahora okukhanya nomswakama, abesilisa bayaphuma baphume esidlekeni bahlangane ezindaweni ezithile namanye amadoda. Lapho wonke umuntu ehlangene, i indiza yomshado wezintuthwane, okufanayo nokuthi zikhona ukukhwelana kwezilwane, lapho benza khona ukunyakaza futhi badedele ama-pheromones aheha izindlovukazi ezintsha.
Uma befika kule ndawo, bayahlangana futhi yenza ukulingisa. Owesifazane angakhwelana nowesilisa oyedwa noma abaningana, kuye ngohlobo. Ukuvundiswa kwezintuthwane kungaphakathi, owesilisa wethula isidoda ngaphakathi kowesifazane, futhi usigcina ku spermtheca ize isetshenziselwe isizukulwane esisha sezintuthwane ezivundile.
Lapho ukulandelana kuphela, abesilisa bayafa nabesifazane bafuna indawo yokungcwaba nokucasha.
Ukuzalwa kwekholoni entsha yezintuthwane
Owesifazane onamaphiko owalingisa ngesikhathi sebhola lomshado futhi wakwazi ukucasha uzohlala ngaphansi komhlaba impilo yakho yonke. Lezi zikhathi zokuqala zibalulekile futhi ziyingozi, ngoba kuzodingeka aphile ngamandla anqwabelene ngesikhathi ekhula endaweni yakhe futhi angazidla nezimpiko zakhe, aze abeke amaqanda akhe okuqala angavundiswanga, azokhipha awokuqala. abasebenzi.
Labasebenzi bayabizwa abahlengikazi, mancane kunokujwayelekile futhi anempilo emfushane kakhulu (izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto). Bazophatha ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwendlwana, ukuqoqa ukudla kokuqala nokunakekela amaqanda azokhiqiza abasebenzi abasebenza ngokugcwele. Izalelwa kanjena ikoloni lezintuthwane.
Uma ubuthandile ukwazi ukuthi izintuthwane zizala kanjani, bona futhi: Izinambuzane eziningi ezinobuthi eBrazil
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izintuthwane Zizala Kanjani, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.