Izici zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo

Umlobi: John Stephens
Usuku Lokudalwa: 23 Ujanuwari 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 22 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Amaphupho & Ukuhlolwa on Indaba Yesintu | Alex Mthiyane
Ividiyo: Amaphupho & Ukuhlolwa on Indaba Yesintu | Alex Mthiyane

-Delile

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyiqembu lezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Kuyo sithola i- izibankwa, izinyoka, izimfudu nezingwenya. Lezi zilwane zihlala ezweni nasemanzini, kokubili okusha futhi okunosawoti. Singathola izilwane ezihuquzelayo emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezingwadule, ezimfundeni nasezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu emhlabeni. Izici zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zawavumela ukuba enze ikoloni izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo.

Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal, sizokwazi ukuthi izici ezihuquzelayo lokho kuzenza izilwane ezingavamile, ngaphezu kwe izithombe ezihuquzelayo kuhle!

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo

ezihuquzelayo yizilwane ezinomgogodla ezithathwe eqenjini lama-reptilomorphic fossil amphibians abizwa ngokuthi Ama-diadectomorphs. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zokuqala zavela ngesikhathi seCarboniferous, lapho kwakukhona ukudla okunhlobonhlobo okutholakalayo.


Ukuvela kwezinto ezihuquzelayo

Ezihuquzelayo ezihuquzelayo zanamuhla zavela kuzo zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu, ngokususelwa ebukhoneni bokuvuleka kwesikhashana (banezimbobo kugebhezi, ukunciphisa isisindo sabo):

  • ama-synapsids: ezihuquzelayo okufana nesilwane esincelisayo futhi lokho kwabakhulisa. Babenovulo lwesikhashana kuphela.
  • Ama-testudines noma ama-Anapsids: kunikezwe izimfudu, azinakho ukuvuleka kwesikhashana.
  • ama-diapsids, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: archosauromorphs, ezibandakanya zonke izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs futhi ezaveza izinyoni nezingwenya; futhi phumzihlempisane, ezaqala izibankwa, izinyoka nezinye.

Izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezibonelo

Esigabeni esedlule, ubuwazi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezihuquzelayo ezaqala ezamanje. Namuhla, sazi amaqembu amathathu ezihuquzelayo nesibonelo:


Izingwenya

Phakathi kwabo, sithola izingwenya, ama-caimans, ama-gharials nama-alligator, futhi lezi ngezinye zezibonelo ezimele kakhulu zezilwane ezihuquzelayo:

  • Ingwenya yaseMelika (ICrocodylus acutus)
  • Ingwenya yaseMexico (crocodylus moreletii)
  • I-American Alligator (I-Alligator mississippiensis)
  • I-Alligator (ingwenya ye-caiman)
  • I-Alligator-ye-ixhaphozi (UCaiman Yacare)

I-squamous noma i-Squamata

Ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo njengezinyoka, izibankwa, ama-iguana nezinyoka ezingaboni, njenge:

  • I-Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis)
  • Iguana yasolwandle (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
  • I-iguana eluhlaza (iguana iguana)
  • I-Gecko (IMauritanian tarentola)
  • I-Arboreal python (I-Morelia viridis)
  • Inyoka eyimpumputhe (IBlanus cinereus)
  • I-Yemen Chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)
  • Ukhozi Olubi (UMoloki horridus)
  • I-Sardão (lepida)
  • Ugwadule Iguana (I-Dipsosaurus dorsalis)

Ama-testudines

Lolu hlobo lwesirhubuluzi luhambisana nezimfudu, zombili ezasemhlabeni nezasemanzini:


  • Ufudu lwesiGrikhi (ukuhlolwa kwamahhala)
  • Ufudu lwaseRussia (I-testudo horsfieldii)
  • Ufudu oluhlaza (I-Chelonia mydas)
  • Ufudu oluvamile (ukunakekela)
  • Ufudu lwesikhumba (I-Dermochelys coriacea)
  • Ufudu olumayo (inyoka chelydra)

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesirhubuluzi

Ngemuva kokubona izibonelo ezithile zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, silandela ngezici zazo. ezihuquzelayo yizilwane ezi-oviparous, okungukuthi, abekela amaqanda, noma ezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zine-ovoviviparous, njengezinyoka ezithile, ezizala inzalo ephelele. Ukuvundiswa kwalezi zilwane kuhlala kungaphakathi. Amagobolondo amaqanda angaba lukhuni noma abe mncane.

Kwabesifazane, amaqanda "ayantanta" emgodini wesisu futhi anesakhiwo esibizwa ngomsele kaMüller, ofihla igobolondo lamaqanda.

isikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihuquzelayo ukuthi esikhunjeni sawo azikho izindlala ezinamafinyila ukuvikelwa, kuphela izikali ze-epidermal. Lezi zikali zingahlelwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: eceleni, ukugqagqana, njll. Izikali zishiya indawo ehambayo phakathi kwazo, ebizwa ngokuthi ihinji, ukuvumela ukunyakaza. Ngaphansi kwezikali ze-epidermal, sithola izikali zamathambo ezibizwa ngama-osteoderms, umsebenzi wawo ukwenza isikhumba siqine ngokwengeziwe.

Isikhumba sezilwane ezihuquzelayo asishintshiwe sibe yizicucu, kodwa kuso sonke isiqeshana, i-exuvia. Ithinta kuphela ingxenye yesikhumba. Ubuvele usazi lesi sici sezilwane ezihuquzelayo?

ukuphefumula kwesilwane esihuquzelayo

Uma sibuyekeza izici zama-amphibians, sizobona ukuthi ukuphefumula kwenzeka ngesikhumba futhi amaphaphu ahlukaniswe kahle, okusho ukuthi awanawo amanani amaningi wokushintshaniswa kwegesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezihuquzelayo, lokhu kwehlukana kuyanda, kubangele ukuthi bakhiqize okuthile umsindo wokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi izibankwa nezingwenya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaphu ezihuquzelayo ahamba ngomsele obizwa ngokuthi mesobronchus, ene-ramifications lapho ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka ohlelweni lokuphefumula oluphindaphindayo.

Isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi lezirhubuluzi

Ngokungafani nezilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoni, inhliziyo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ine-ventricle eyodwa kuphela, ezinhlotsheni eziningi eziqala ukuhlukana, kepha ihlukanisa ngokuphelele izingwenya.

inhliziyo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingwenya

Kuma-crocodilians, ngaphezu kwalokho, inhliziyo inesakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi IPaniza hole, exhumana nengxenye yesobunxele yenhliziyo nesokudla. Lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziselwa ukwenza kabusha igazi lapho isilwane sicwile emanzini futhi singakwazi noma singafuni ukuphuma siphefumule, lokhu kungenye yezimpawu zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezihlaba umxhwele.

Isirhubuluzi sokugaya ukudla uhlelo

Ukukhuluma ngezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezici ezijwayelekile, uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lufana kakhulu nolwezilwane ezincelisayo. Iqala emlonyeni, okungenzeka noma ingabi namazinyo, bese idlulela esiswini, esiswini, emathunjini amancane (amafushane kakhulu ezihuquzelayo ezidlayo) namathumbu amakhulu, angena ku-cloaca.

ezihuquzelayo musa ukuhlafuna ukudla; ngakho-ke, labo abadla inyama bakhiqiza inani elikhulu le-asidi emkhakheni wokugaya ukudla ukukhuthaza ukugaya. Ngokufanayo, le nqubo ingathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Njengoba imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ezihuquzelayo, singasho ukuthi ezinye zazo gwinya amatshe ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngoba zisiza ukuchoboza ukudla esiswini.

ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo amazinyo anobuthi, njengezinyoka nezinhlobo ezi-2 zezibankwa ze-gila monster, umndeni Helodermatidae (EMexico). Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezibankwa zinobuthi kakhulu, futhi zishintshe izindlala zamathe ezibizwa ngokuthi izindlala zikaDurvernoy. Zinezimbotshana zokukhipha into enobuthi ekhubaza isisulu.

Ngaphakathi kwezici zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ikakhulukazi ezinyokeni, singathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazinyo:

  • amazinyo aglyph: asikho isiteshi.
  • amazinyo opistoglyph: esemuva komlomo, banesiteshi lapho kutholakala khona ubuthi.
  • amazinyo e-protoroglyph: ebekwe ngaphambili futhi inesiteshi.
  • Amazinyo e-Solenoglyph: ikhona kuphela ngezinyoka. Banombhobho wangaphakathi. Amazinyo angasuka emuva aye phambili, futhi anobuthi kakhulu.

Isistimu yezinzwa ezinwabuzelayo

Uma ucabanga ngezici zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, yize ngokwenqubo yesistimu yezinzwa zezilwane ezihuquzelayo inezingxenye ezifanayo nezesistimu yezinzwa ezincelisayo, kusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Isibonelo, ubuchopho bezilwane ezihuquzelayo abunawo ama-convolutions, okuyizintambo ezijwayelekile ebuchosheni ezisebenza ukukhulisa indawo engaphezulu ngaphandle kokukhulisa ubukhulu noma ivolumu yayo. I-cerebellum, ebhekele ukusebenzisana nokulinganisela, ayinayo i-hemispheres emibili futhi ithuthukiswe kakhulu, njengama-lobes optic.

Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo zineso lesithathu, okuyi-receptor elula ekhulumisana nendlala kaphayini, etholakala ebuchosheni.

Isirhubuluzi excretory system

Ezihuquzelayo, kanye nezinye izilwane eziningi, ube nezinso ezimbili ezikhiqiza umchamo nesinye okuwugcina ngaphambi kokuba ususwe yi-cloaca. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo azinaso isinye futhi zisusa umchamo ngqo nge-cloaca, esikhundleni sokuwugcina, okungenye yezinto ezibabazekayo ezihuquzelayo abantu abambalwa abazi ngazo.

Ngenxa yendlela umchamo wakho ukhiqizwa ngayo, Ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini zikhiqiza i-ammonia eningi kakhulu, okudingeka ihlanjululwe ngamanzi abaphuza cishe ngokuqhubekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisemhlabeni, ezinamanzi amancane, ziguqula i-ammonia ibe yi-uric acid, engadingi ukuhlanjululwa. Lokhu kuchaza lesi sici sezilwane ezihuquzelayo: umchamo wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisemhlabeni mkhulu kakhulu, uyiphasta futhi umhlophe.

Ukudla kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo

Ngaphakathi kwezici ezihuquzelayo, siyaqaphela ukuthi zona kungaba izilwane ezidla utshani noma ezidla inyama. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla inyama zingaba namazinyo abukhali njengezingwenya, amazinyo afaka ubuthi njengezinyoka, noma uqhwaku olucijile njengofudu. Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidlayo zidla izinambuzane, njengonwabu noma izibankwa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla imifino zidla izithelo ezahlukahlukene, imifino namakhambi. Imvamisa abanamazinyo abonakalayo, kepha banamandla amaningi emihlathini yabo. Ukuze bazondle, badabula izingcezu zokudla bese bekugwinya kuphelele, ngakho-ke kujwayelekile ukuthi badle amatshe okusiza ukugaya.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla imifino noma ezidlayo, kanye nazo zonke izici zazo, ungaphuthelwa yilezi zihloko:

  • Izilwane Eziphilayo - Izibonelo Nesifiso
  • Izilwane Ezidlayo - Izibonelo ne-Trivia

Ezinye izici ezihuquzelayo

Ezingxenyeni ezedlule, sibuyekeze izici ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, kubhekiswa kwisimo sazo, ukondla nokuphefumula kwazo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izici eziningi ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, futhi manje sizokukhombisa lezo ezinelukuluku kakhulu:

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinemilenze emifushane noma engekho.

Ngokuvamile izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinemilenze emifushane kakhulu. Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, njengezinyoka, azinayo ngisho nemilenze. Yizilwane ezihamba zisondele kakhulu emhlabathini. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini nazo azinazo izitho ezinde.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo yizilwane ezi-ectothermic

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo yizilwane ezi-ectothermic, okusho ukuthi abakwazi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba wabo kuphela, futhi kuncike ekushiseni kwemvelo. I-Ectothermia ixhunyaniswe nokuziphatha okuthile. Isibonelo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo yizilwane ezihlala isikhathi eside elangeni, mhlawumbe emadwaleni ashisayo. Lapho bezwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa komzimba wabo lenyuke kakhulu, bayasuka elangeni. Ezifundeni zeplanethi lapho ubusika bubanda khona, ezihuquzelayo ubusika.

IVomeronasal noma isitho sikaJacobson ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo

Isitho somhlanzo noma isitho sikaJacobson isetshenziselwa ukuthola ezinye izinto, ngokuvamile ama-pheromones. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa amathe, ukunambitheka kanye nephunga lokuzwa kukhulelwe, okungukuthi, ukunambitheka nephunga kudlula emlonyeni.

Amathangi we-loreal septic athola ukushisa

Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibona ushintsho oluncane emazingeni okushisa, zithole umehluko ongafinyelela ku-0.03 ° C. lemigodi zitholakala ebusweni, ngikhona ngazimbili ngazimbili, noma ngazimbili lezigodi eziyi-13.

Ngaphakathi komgodi ngamunye kunekamelo eliphindwe kabili elihlukaniswe ulwelwesi. Uma kunesilwane esinegazi elifudumele eduze, umoya wasekamelweni lokuqala uyakhuphuka futhi ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi luvusa ukuphela kwezinzwa, kuxwayise lesi silwane esihuquzelayo ngobukhona besisulu esingaba khona.

Futhi njengoba isihloko sinezici zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, usungakwazi ukuhlola ividiyo esiteshini sethu se-YouTube equkethe uhlobo oluhlaba umxhwele okukhulunywe ngalo kulesi sihloko, udrako waseKomodo:

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izici zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.