-Delile
- yini inyoka engaboni
- Izici zenyoka engaboni
- Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenyoka eyimpumputhe
- Inyoka eyimpumputhe inesihlungu?
- izinyoka ezinobuthi
- izinyoka ezingenabuthi
Inyoka eyimpumputhe noma i-cecilia yisilwane esivusa ilukuluku futhi namanje asifundwa kangako ngososayensi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni, ezingafinyelela cishe kumitha ubude. Eyodwa isifundo sakamuva eshicilelwe ngabaseBrazil ngoJulayi 2020 iveza izindaba eziningana ngaye.
Futhi yilokho esizokutshela khona lapha ePeritoAnimal kulesi sihloko inyoka eyimpumputhe inobuthi? Thola ukuthi ngabe inyoka engaboni iyingozi yini, izici zayo, ukuthi ihlala kuphi nokuthi izala kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sisebenzise leli thuba ukwethula ezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi nezinye ezingenabuthi. Ukufunda okuhle!
yini inyoka engaboni
Ubuwazi ukuthi inyoka eyimpumputhe (izinhlobo zohlelo lwe-Gymnophiona), ngokungafani nalokho okushiwo yigama, akuyona inyoka? Ngakho-ke kunjalo. Obeye aziwe njengo i-cecilia empeleni ama-amphibians, hhayi izilwane ezihuquzelayo, yize zibukeka njengezinyoka kunamaxoxo noma ama-salamanders. Ngakho-ke bangabesigaba se-Amphibia, esihlukaniswe ngama-oda amathathu:
- Ama-Anurans: amasele, amaxoxo namaxoxo ezihlahla
- imisila: ama-newts nama-salamanders
- ukuzivocavoca umzimba: i-cecillia (noma izinyoka eziyizimpumputhe). Umsuka wale oda uvela esiGrekini: i-gymnos (nu) + ophioneos (efana nenyoka).
Izici zenyoka engaboni
Izinyoka eziyizimpumputhe zibizwa ngokuma kwazo: umzimba omude nobude, ngaphezu kokungabi namilenze, okungukuthi, abanayo imilenze.
Amehlo abo awele kahle, yingakho bebizwa kanjalo. Isizathu salokhu kungenxa yesici sayo esiyinhloko sokuziphatha: izinyoka eziyizimpumputhe zihlala ngaphansi komhlaba ukugqekeza emhlabathini (kubizwa ngokuthi yizilwane zasendulo) lapho kunokukhanya okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo. Kulezi zindawo ezijwayele ukuba nomswakama, zondla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezincane ezifana nomuhlwa, izintuthwane nemisundu.
I-Cecilias ingahlukanisa, ngokuhle kakhulu, phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama. Futhi ukubasiza babone imvelo futhi bathole izisulu, izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nabalingani abazalanayo, banezinhlaka ezincane zezinzwa ezinesimo se amatende ekhanda.[1]
Isikhumba sayo simanzi futhi sigcwele izikali ezinamakhasi, okuyizicucu ezincane eziyizicaba ezisemaphethelweni ajikelezayo emzimbeni, zakha izindandatho ezisiza ekuthambekeni komhlaba.
Ngokungafani nezinyoka, okuvame ukudideka ngazo izinyoka eziyizimpumputhe, lezi abanalo ulimi lwemfoloko futhi umsila wayo ufushane noma umane nje awukho. Ezinhlotsheni eziningana, abesifazane banakekela amaphuphu abo aze athole ukuzimela.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-55 ezahlukahlukene zenyoka eyimpumputhe, enkulu kunazo zonke elinganiselwa ku-90 cm ubude, kodwa cishe ngo-2 cm ububanzi, futhi zihlala ezifundeni ezishisayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenyoka eyimpumputhe
THE ukukhulelwa kwe-cecilia kungaphakathi futhi ngemuva kwalokho omama bazalela amaqanda bawagcine emaphethweni emizimba yabo aze achanyuselwe. Ezinye izinhlobo, lapho zizala, zidla esikhunjeni sikamama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ze-viviparous (izilwane ezinokukhula kombungu ngaphakathi komzimba womama).
Inyoka eyimpumputhe inesihlungu?
Kuze kube muva nje, izinyoka eziyizimpumputhe bekukholelwa ukuthi azinabungozi ngokuphelele. Phela lezi zilwane ungahlaseli abantu futhi ayikho imibhalo yabantu abafakwa ubuthi yibo. Ngakho-ke, inyoka eyimpumputhe yayingeke ibe yingozi noma yayingakaze ibhekwe njengaleyo.
Obekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi bakhipha into ethile ngesikhumba ebenza babukeke kakhulu nokuthi banayo ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwezindlala ezinobuthi esikhunjeni somsila, njengendlela yokuzivikela kokungenzi lutho ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Yindlela efanayo yokuvikela amaxoxo, amasele, amaxoxo ezihlahla kanye nama-salamanders, lapho umhlaseli agcina ezifaka ubuthi uqobo uma eluma isilwane.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwendatshana ekhishwe kumagazini okhethekile kaJulayi 2020 weScience[2] ngabaphenyi abavela e-Butantan Institute, eSão Paulo, futhi ababesekelwa yi-Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo (Fapesp), kukhombisa ukuthi izilwane zingaba nobuthi, okungaba isici esiyingqayizivele phakathi kwama-amphibians.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-cecilia ayinayo kuphela izindlala ezinobuthi I-cutaneous, njengamanye ama-amphibians, nawo anezindlala ezithile emazinyweni abo ezikhiqiza ama-enzyme atholakala kakhulu kuma-venom.
Ukutholakala kososayensi eButantan Institute ukuthi izinyoka eziyizimpumputhe kuzoba yizilwane zokuqala eziphila nasemanzini ukuba ne- ukuzivikela okusebenzayo, okuwukuthi, kwenzeka lapho ushevu usetshenziselwa ukuhlasela, okuvamile phakathi kwezinyoka, izicabucabu nofezela. Le mfihlo ephuma ezingxenyeni zezinwele ibuye isebenzise ukuthambisa inyamazane nokwenza lula ukugwinya kwayo. Ukucindezela izindlala ezinjalo ngesikhathi sokulunywa kungakhipha ubuthi, obungena ku- isilonda kubangele, okufanayo nodrako we-komodo, isibonelo.[3]
Ososayensi abakakavezi ubufakazi bokuthi i-goo enjalo ephuma ezingxenyeni zezinhlungu inobuthi, kepha konke kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuzofakazelwa kungekudala.
Emfanekisweni ongezansi, hlola umlomo we-cecilia wezinhlobo ISiphonops annulatus. Kungenzeka ukubheka ifayili le- izindlala zamazinyo efana naleyo yezinyoka.
izinyoka ezinobuthi
Futhi uma kungakabikho siphetho esiphathekayo ngengozi engabangelwa yizinyoka eziyinyama, esikwaziyo ukuthi kunezinombolo - manje izinyoka zangempela - ezinobuthi impela.
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko ze- izinyoka ezinobuthi ukuthi banabafundi abayindilinga nenhloko engunxantathu ngaphezulu. Abanye babo banemikhuba yasemini kanti abanye basebenza ebusuku. Futhi imiphumela yobuthi babo ingahluka ngezinhlobo, njengoba kunjalo nangezimpawu kithi bantu uma sihlaselwa. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokwazi izinhlobo zenyoka uma kwenzeka ingozi, ukuze odokotela bakwazi ukwenza ngokushesha nge-antidote efanele futhi banikeze usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka elunywa yinyoka.
Nazi ezinye izinyoka ezinesihlungu ezikhona eBrazil:
- ikhwaya yangempela
- I-Rattlesnake
- UJararaca
- UJaca pico de jackass
Futhi uma ufuna ukuhlangana nezilwane ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni, bukela ividiyo:
izinyoka ezingenabuthi
Kunezinyoka eziningana ezibhekwa njengezingenangozi ngakho-ke ungabi nawo ubuthi. Amanye awo aze akhiqize ubuthi, kepha awanawo amazinyo athile wokujova ubuthi kuzisulu zawo. Imvamisa lezi zinyoka ezingenabuthi zinamakhanda nabafundi abayindilinga.
Phakathi kwezinyoka ezingenabuthi kukhona:
- I-Boa (i-constrictor enhle)
- I-Anaconda (Eunectes murinus)
- I-Canine (I-Pullatus Spilotes)
- I-Fake choir (Ukucindezelwa kweSiphlophis)
- IPython (IPython)
Manje njengoba usuyazi kangcono inyoka eyimpumputhe nokuthi empeleni iyi-amphibian futhi futhi wazi ngezinyoka ezinobuthi nezinye ezingenabungozi, ungahle ube nentshisekelo kule ndatshana enezilwane eziyi-15 ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Inyoka eyimpumputhe inesihlungu?, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.