Umkhuhlane WaseNtshonalanga Emahhashini - Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

-Delile

• Yini i-West Nile Fever
• Izimbangela ze-West Nile Fever
• Izimpawu ze-West Nile Fever
• Ukuxilongwa kweFever Nile Fever Emahhashini
• Ukuxilongwa komtholampilo nokwehluka
• ukuxilongwa kwelabhoratri
• Ukwelashwa kwamahhashi
• Ukuvimbela Nokulawula Umkhuhlane WaseNtshonalanga Emahhashini
• Umuthi Wokugomela Umkhuhlane WaseNtshonalanga Emahhashi

Umkhuhlane waseNtshonalanga i- a isifo segciwane esingathathelani kuthinta kakhulu izinyoni, amahhashi nabantu futhi kudluliswa omiyane. Yisifo esidabuka e-Afrika, kepha sesisabalele umhlaba wonke ngenxa yezinyoni ezifudukayo, okuyizinto eziyinhloko ezibamba leli gciwane, zigcina umjikelezo womiyane-wezinyoni-omiyane kwesinye isikhathi ohlanganisa amahhashi noma abantu.

Lesi sifo sidala izimpawu ezinovalo kwesinye isikhathi ezingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi size sibangele nokufa kwalabo abathelelekile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela i-West Nile fever emahhashini, ikakhulukazi ngokugoma amahhashi ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Uma ufuna ukwazi noma uzwile ngalesi sifo futhi ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngaso, qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yezilwane mayelana nePerito Umkhuhlane WaseNtshonalanga Emahhashini - Izimpawu Nokuvimbela.

Yini i-West Nile Fever

Umkhuhlane waseNtshonalanga i- a isifo esingathathelani semvelaphi yegciwane futhi kudluliswa ngomiyane ngokuvamile wohlobo culex noma Aedes. Izinyoni zasendle, ikakhulukazi zomndeni I-Corvidae (amagwababa, ama-jays) ayindawo yokugcina yegciwane yokudlulisela komunye omiyane kwezinye izidalwa, njengoba eba ne-viremia enamandla ngemuva kokulunywa umiyane onaleli gciwane. Indawo engcono kakhulu yokusabalalisa igciwane yilezi izindawo ezimanzi, njenge-deltas yemifula, amachibi noma izindawo ezinamanzi lapho izinyoni ezifudukayo kanye nomiyane kugcwele khona.

Igciwane ngokwemvelo ligcina i- umiyane-inyoni-umiyane umjikelezo wemvelo, nezilwane ezincelisayo kwesinye isikhathi zitheleleka ngokulunywa umiyane ophethe leli gciwane ngemuva kokuba ulume inyoni enaleli gciwane egazini layo. Abantu namahhashi bazwela ikakhulukazi futhi kungaholela izimpawu zezinzwa kakhulu noma ngaphansi, njengoba igciwane lifinyelela esimisweni sezinzwa esiyinhloko nomgogodla ngegazi.

Ukudluliswa kwe-Transplacental, ukuncelisa ibele noma ukufakelwa komzimba nakho kuchaziwe kubantu, okuba nezimpawu kumacala angama-20% kuphela. Akukho ukuhanjiswa kwehhashi / ihhashi, okwenzekayo ukutheleleka okuvela lapho kutholakala khona i-vector omiyane begciwane phakathi kwabo.

Yize umkhuhlane weWest Nile ungesona esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu emahhashini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ukuvimbela lokhu nezinye izifo.

Izimbangela ze-West Nile Fever

I-West Nile fever yake yabhekwa njengengasekho eBrazil, kodwa amacala ahlukene abikwe ezifundeni ezinjengeSão Paulo, Piauí naseCeará kusukela ngonyaka we-2019.^[1][2][3]

Lesi sifo sidalwa yi Igciwane le-West Nile, okuyi-arbovirus (i-arthropod-borne virus) yomndeni I-Flaviviridae nohlobo lomculo I-Flavivirus. Iluhlobo olufanayo nolweDengue, iZika, i-yellow fever, i-encephalitis yaseJapan noma amagciwane eSt. Louis encephalitis. Yakhonjwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1937 e-Uganda, esifundeni saseNtshonalanga Nile. Lesi sifo sisatshalaliswa ikakhulu ku- Afrika, Middle East, Asia, Europe kanye neNyakatho Melika.

Ingabe isifo esaziwayo ku-World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), kanye nokuqoshwe kwi-Terrestrial Animal Health Code yale nhlangano efanayo. Ukusakazeka okwandayo kwegciwane leNtshonalanga Nile kuthokozelwa ubukhona bezikhukhula, izimvula ezinkulu, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa komhlaba, ukwanda kwabantu, amapulazi ezinkukhu amakhulu nokunisela okukhulu.

Izimpawu ze-West Nile Fever

Ngemuva kokulunywa umiyane, OIzimpawu ze-West Nile fever emahhashini kungathatha kusuka ku- Izinsuku ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-15 zizovela. Ngezinye izikhathi azisoze zavela, ngoba amahhashi amaningi athelelekile awasoze aba nesifo, ngakho-ke ngeke akhombise izimpawu zomtholampilo.

Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye yesithathu yamahhashi anegciwane iyafa. Izimpawu ezingakhonjiswa yihhashi elineNayile Fever yilezi:

• Imfiva.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
• Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node.
• I-Anorexia.
• Imikhuba emibi.
• Ukucindezeleka.
• Kunzima ukugwinya.
• Ukuphazamiseka kombono ngokukhubeka lapho uhamba.
• Isinyathelo esincane nesifushane.
• Shona phansi, sitsheke noma sisekelwe.
• I-Photophobia.
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• Ukuthuthumela kwemisipha.
• Kugaya amazinyo.
• Ukukhubazeka ebusweni.
• Ama-tics ethukile.
• Ukunyakaza okuyindilinga.
• Ukungakwazi ukuma mpo.
• Ukukhubazeka.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ngefayela le-.
• Ukufa.

Mayelana Ama-80% ezithathelanayo kubantu azizivezi izimpawu futhi, lapho ziveza, azicacisi, njengemfiva elinganiselayo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, isicanucanu kanye / noma ukugabha, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba nama-lymph node akhulisiwe. Kwabanye abantu, isimo esibi sesifo singakhula ngezinkinga ezifana ne-encephalitis ne-meningitis enezimpawu zemizwa, kepha iphesenti livame ukuba lincane.

Ukuxilongwa kweFever Nile Fever Emahhashini

Ukuxilongwa kweNile Fever emahhashini kufanele kwenziwe ngokuxilongwa okwenziwe ngokwelashwa, okwehlukanisiwe futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokuqoqa amasampula bese ubathumela elabhorethri yokubhekisisa ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa okucacile.

Ukuxilongwa komtholampilo nokwehluka

Uma ihhashi liqala ukukhombisa ezinye zezimpawu zemizwa esizixoxe ngazo, yize zicashile kakhulu, lesi sifo segciwane kufanele sisolwe, ikakhulukazi uma sisendaweni enobungozi bokujikeleza kwegciwane noma ihhashi lingakagonywanga.

Yingakho ke shayela udokotela wezilwane wase-equine nganoma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwehhashi kubalulekile ukuliphatha ngokushesha futhi ulawule ukuqubuka okungenzeka. njalo ukwehlukanisa umkhuhlane weWest Nile kwezinye izinqubo lokho kungenzeka ngezimpawu ezifanayo kumahhashi, ikakhulukazi:

• Amarabi alinganayo.
• Uhlobo lwe-herpesvirus olulinganayo 1.
• I-Alphavirus encephalomyelitis.
• I-encephalomyelitis eyi-protozoal ye-equine.
• I-encephalitis yaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga.
• IVenzuelan equine encephalitis.
• I-Verminosis encephalitis.
• I-meningoencephalitis yebhaktheriya.
• I-Botulism.
• Ubuthi.
• I-Hypocalcaemia.

ukuxilongwa kwelabhoratri

Ukuxilongwa okucacile nokwehluka kwezinye izifo kunikezwa ilebhu. Kufanele amasampuli athathiwe ukwenza izivivinyo futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthola amasosha omzimba noma ama-antigen wegciwane ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo.

Ukuhlola ukuthola ngqo igciwane, ikakhulukazi ama-antigen, zenziwa ngamasampula we-cerebrospinal fluid, ubuchopho, izinso noma inhliziyo evela ku-autopsy uma kwafa ihhashi, nge-polymerase chain reaction noma i-RT-PCR, i-immunofluorescence noma i-immunohistochemistry ebuchosheni nasentanyeni yomgogodla ilusizo.

Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga lesi sifo ku- phila amahhashi yizona ze-serological, ezivela egazini, i-serum noma i-cerebrospinal fluid, lapho esikhundleni segciwane amasosha omzimba azotholakala ukuthi ihhashi lakhiqiza ngokumelene naye. Ngokuqondile, la ma-antibodies angama-immunoglobulin M noma G (IgM noma i-IgG). I-IgG inyuka kamuva kune-IgM futhi lapho izimpawu zomtholampilo zikhona ngokwanele lapho kutholakala kuphela i-serum IgM etholakalayo. Wena ukuhlolwa kwe-serological etholakalayo ukuthola iNile Fever emahhashini yilena:

• I-IgM ithatha i-ELISA (MAC-ELISA).
• IgG ELISA.
• Ukuvimbela i-hemagglutination.
• I-Seroneutralization: isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okuhle noma okudidayo kwe-ELISA, njengoba lolu vivinyo lungahle lusebenze namanye ama-flavivirus.

Ukuxilongwa okucacile kwe-West Nile fever kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenziwa kusetshenziswa i- ukuhlukaniswa kwegciwane, kepha ayijwayele ukwenziwa ngoba idinga iBiosafety Level 3. Ingabekwa yodwa ku-VERO (amaseli wesibindi ama-monkey green ase-Afrika) noma i-RK-13 ​​(amaseli ezinso zonogwaja), kanye nasemigqeni yeseli lenkukhu noma imibungu.

Ukwelashwa kwamahhashi

Ukwelashwa kweWest Nile Fever ngamahhashi kusekelwe ukwelashwa ngezimpawu lokho kwenzeka, ngoba ayikho i-antiviral ethile, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuzoba kanje:

• Ama-antipyretics, ama-analgesics nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala yokwehlisa umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwangaphakathi.
• Ukulungiselela ukugcina ukuma.
• Ukwelashwa koketshezi uma ihhashi lingakwazi ukuzipha amanzi kahle.
• Tube umsoco uma ukungenisa kunzima.
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela okunendawo ephephile, izindonga eziboshwe, umbhede onethezekile nesivikeli sekhanda ukuvikela ukulimala ekungqongqozeni nasekulawuleni izimpawu zezinzwa.

Iningi yamahhashi athelelekile ululama ngokwakha amasosha omzimba athile. Kwesinye isikhathi, yize ihhashi lisidlula lesi sifo, kungaba nama-sequelae ngenxa yokulimala unomphela kohlelo lwezinzwa.

Ukuvimbela Nokulawula Umkhuhlane WaseNtshonalanga Emahhashini

Umkhuhlane waseNtshonalanga i- a isifo esaziwayo, kepha alukho ngaphansi kohlelo lokuqeda nya, ngoba aluthathelani phakathi kwamahhashi, kepha ludinga umiyane ukuba alamule phakathi kwawo, ngakho-ke akuphoqelekile ukubulala amahhashi anegciwane, ngaphandle kwezizathu zokusiza uma engasekho impilo.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvikela umkhuhlane weNayile ukuze ulawule kahle isifo ukubhekwa kwe-epidemiological omiyane njengamavektha, izinyoni njengabaphathi abakhulu namahhashi noma abantu njengengozi.

Izinhloso zohlelo ukuthola ukuthi kukhona ukusakazeka kwegciwane, ukuhlola ubungozi bokubonakala kwazo nokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile. Amaxhaphozi kufanele abhekwe ngokukhethekile futhi kubhekwe izinyoni ezidunjini zazo, njengoba iningi lalabo abanegciwane lifa, noma ngokusampula kwabasolwa; komiyane, ngokubanjwa kwabo nokukhonjwa kwabo, nasemahhashini, ngokusebenzisa isampuli yokuthumela noma ngamacala asolwayo.

Njengoba lungekho unyango oluthile, ukugoma nokunciphisa ukutholakala komiyane abadlulisayo kubalulekile ukunciphisa ubungozi bamahhashi abathola lesi sifo. O Uhlelo lokuvikela omiyane kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwalezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezixosha izihloko emahhashini.
• Beka amahhashi ezitebeleni, ugweme imisebenzi yangaphandle ngesikhathi sokuchayeka kakhudlwana komiyane.
• Abalandeli, ama-insecticide kanye nezicupho zomiyane.
• Susa izindawo zokuzalela omiyane ngokuhlanza nokushintsha amanzi okuphuza nsuku zonke.
• Cisha amalambu esitebeleni lapho ihhashi likhona ukugwema ukuheha omiyane.
• Faka amanetha omiyane ezitebeleni, kanye nakumanethi omiyane emafasiteleni.

Umuthi Wokugomela Umkhuhlane WaseNtshonalanga Emahhashi

Kumahhashi, ngokungafani nabantu, kunemithi yokugoma ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu noma izehlakalo zegciwane. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwemithi yokugoma ukunciphisa inani lamahhashi ane-viremia, okungukuthi, amahhashi anegciwane egazini lawo, nokunciphisa ubunzima besifo ngokukhombisa ukuzivikela uma kuthelelekile.

Kusetshenziswa imigomo yegciwane engasebenzi kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala zehhashi, ilawulwa nge-intramuscularly futhi idinga imithamo emibili. Eyokuqala inezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ivuselela kabusha ngemuva kwamasonto amane noma ayisithupha bese iba kanye ngonyaka.

Siyakugcizelela futhi ukuthi uma ihhashi linezinye zezimpawu ezishiwo kule ndatshana, bheka udokotela wezilwane wamahhashi ngokushesha okukhulu.

Siphinde sibe nalesi esinye isihloko ngamakhambi wekhasi lomkhaza ongakuthanda.

Lo mbhalo wenzelwe imininingwane kuphela, kwaPeritoAnimal.com.br asikwazi ukunquma ukwelashwa kwezilwane noma ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxilongwa. Siphakamisa ukuthi uthathe isilwane sakho uye kudokotela wezilwane uma kungenzeka ukuthi unanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo noma ukungaphatheki kahle.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Umkhuhlane WaseNtshonalanga Emahhashini - Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.