Izinambuzane ezindizayo: amagama, izici nezithombe

Umlobi: John Stephens
Usuku Lokudalwa: 1 Ujanuwari 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 20 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
50 Ultimate Excel Tips and Tricks for 2020
Ividiyo: 50 Ultimate Excel Tips and Tricks for 2020

-Delile

Kunezigidi zezinambuzane emhlabeni. Bakha iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lezidalwa eziphilayo futhi banezici ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, yize babelana ngokuthize okuhlukile, njengeqiniso lokuthi izilwane ezine-exoskeleton.

Yize kungebona bonke abakwenzayo, izinambuzane eziningi ziyakwazi ukundiza. Ungazitshela ezinye zazo? Uma ungazi, yazi okuhlukile izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezindizayo, amagama abo, izici nezithombe zabo kulesi sihloko se-PeritoAnimal. Qhubeka ufunde!

Izici zezinambuzane ezindizayo

izinambuzane yizona kuphela ezingenamgogodla ezinamaphiko. Ukuvela kwazo kwenzeke lapho izingqimba zesifuba sangemuva zanda. Ekuqaleni zazenzelwe ukukhuphuka kuphela, kepha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ziye zavela ukuvumela lezi zilwane ukuba zindize. Ngenxa yabo, izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuhambahamba, zithole ukudla, zibalekele izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nomlingani wazo.


Ubukhulu, ukwakheka nokuthungwa kwamaphiko ezinambuzane kuhluke kakhulu kangangokuba ayikho indlela eyodwa yokuwahlukanisa. Noma kunjalo, izimpiko zabelana ngokunye imininingwane:

  • Izimpiko zethulwe ngezinombolo ezilinganayo;
  • Zitholakala ku-mesothorax naku-metathorax;
  • Ezinye izinhlobo ziyalahleka lapho sezikhulile, noma lapho zihambelana nabantu abayinyumba;
  • Akhiwa inyunyana yelwelwesi eliphezulu nelingezansi;
  • Banemithambo noma izimbambo;
  • Ingaphakathi lamaphiko linezinzwa, ama-tracheas ne-hemolymph.

Ngaphezu kokuba yizilwane ezinama-exoskeleton namaphiko, izinambuzane ezindizayo zingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye, njengoba zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene futhi ngasinye sinezici zaso.

Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezindizayo

Izici ezijwayelekile zezinambuzane ezindizayo ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke yilezo ezishiwo esigabeni esedlule. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sishilo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane ezindizayo, ezivumela ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngokwemigomo ehlukahlukene. Ngakho izinambuzane ezinamaphiko zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningi noma ama-oda:


  • I-Orthoptera;
  • IHymenoptera;
  • UDipther;
  • I-Lepidoptera;
  • IBlattodein;
  • Coleoptera;
  • Odanate.

Okulandelayo, yazi izici zeqembu ngalinye kanye nezinye zezichasiselo zalo. Woza!

Izinambuzane ezindizayo ze-Orthoptera (i-Orthoptera)

I-Orthoptera yavela emhlabeni ngesikhathi seTriassic. Lo myalelo wezinambuzane ubonakala kakhulu emilonyeni yazo, engohlobo lokuhlafunayo futhi ngoba iningi lazo ngama-jumpers, amakhilikithi nezintethe. Izimpiko zifana nokuthungwa ngesikhumba futhi ziqondile, yize kungezona zonke izinambuzane ezikulolu hlelo ezinamaphiko alinganayo. Ezinye zazo azinazo ngisho namaphiko ngakho-ke azizona izinambuzane ezindizayo.

Thanda izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezindizayo we-oda I-Orthoptera, singasho okulandelayo njengokuvame kakhulu:

  • Izinkumbi ezifudukayo (izinkumbi ezifudukayo);
  • Ikhilikithi yasekhaya (Acheta domesticus);
  • Intethe emnyamaI-Rhammatocerus schistocercoides);
  • Isikhonyane sasogwadule (isi-Greek schistocerca).

inkumbi yasogwadule

Phakathi kwezibonelo ezishiwo, sizogxila kulolu hlobo lwesinambuzane esindizayo ngenxa yokuhluka kwaso. Inkumbi yasogwadule (isi-Greek schistocerca) yisinambuzane kubhekwe njengesinambuzane e-Asia nase-Afrika. Eqinisweni, yilolu hlobo okukhulunywa ngalo emibhalweni yasendulo yeBhayibheli. Ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, babuthana ezixukwini ezibhekele ukunyamalala kwezitshalo ezindaweni eziningi.


bayakwazi ukumboza ukufika ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-200 ngokundiza. Amaqembu abawakha angaba nabantu abangafika ezigidini ezingama-80.

Izinambuzane ezindizayo zeHymenoptera (Hymenoptera)

Lezi zinambuzane zavela ngesikhathi seJurassic. Banesisu esihlukanisiwe, ulimi olukwazi ukwelula, ukuhoxisa, kanye nesikhala somlomo esincela ukuhlafuna. Ingabe izinambuzane ukuthi hlala emphakathini futhi izigaba eziyinyumba azinazimpiko.

I-oda leHymenoptera lingenye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhona njengoba lifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150,000. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu elikhulu, sithola nezinye zezinambuzane ezindizayo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezaziwa kakhulu, njenge zonke izinhlobo zeminyovu, izinyosi, ababazi nezintuthwane bangabakhe. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izibonelo ze-hymenoptera yilezi:

  • Inyosi Yombazi YaseYurophu (I-Xylocopa violacea);
  • Inyosi enkulu enkulu (Ibhomu dahlbomii);
  • Inyosi yokusika iqabunga le-Alfalfa (okuzungezayo megachile).

Ngaphezu kwalokho inyosi yezinyosi kanye nomango wasempumalanga, izinambuzane ezimbili ezisabalele kakhulu emhlabeni, nazo ziyizibonelo zezinambuzane ezindizayo futhi esizokhuluma ngazo kabanzi ngezansi.

inyosi yezinyosi

THE apis mellifera iyinhlobo yezinyosi eyaziwa kakhulu. Njengamanje isatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke futhi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu impova yezitshalo, ngaphezu kokukhiqiza iningi lezinyosi ezidliwe ngabantu.

Esidlekeni, izinyosi eziyizisebenzi zingahamba amakhilomitha ambalwa zifuna impova. Khonamanjalo, indlovukazi ithatha kuphela indiza yomshado ngaphambi kokukhwelana, umcimbi owenzeka kanye nje kuphela.

Imango lasempumalanga

THE umnyo orientalis noma iMangava-Oriental wuhlobo lwesinambuzane esindizayo esisatshalaliswa e-Asia, e-Afrika nasengxenyeni ye-Europe. Njengezinyosi, iminyovu iyi-Euro, okusho ukuthi, yakha amaqembu aholwa indlovukazi namakhulu ezisebenzi.

Lesi sinambuzane sidla umpe, ezinye izinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezincane njengoba kudinga amaprotheni wokukhulisa inzalo yazo. Ukuluma kwayo kungaba yingozi kubantu abangenwe yizifo.

I-Diptera izinambuzane ezindizayo (iDiptera)

UDiptera uvele ngesikhathi seJurassic. Eziningi zalezi zinambuzane zinezimpondo ezimfushane, kodwa abesilisa bezinhlobo ezithile banezimpondo ezinezimpaphe, okungukuthi, zimbozwe ngama-villi. Isikhulumi sakho somlomo siyisikhi sokukhetha.

Esinye sezifiso zaleli qembu lezinambuzane ezindizayo ukuthi azinawo amaphiko amane, njenganingi. Ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, iDiptera inayo amaphiko amabili nje. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlelo, sithola zonke izinhlobo zezimpukane, omiyane, izimpukane kanye nama-capetails. Ezinye izibonelo zeDiptera yilezi:

  • Impukane ezinzileAma-Stomoxys calcitrans);
  • Impukane ye-Drone (UBombylius Major).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, siqokomisa impukane yezithelo, impukane enemigqa kanye nomiyane wenyosi wase-Asia ngokuthandwa kwabo futhi ake sikhulume ngezinye zezici zabo eziyinhloko.

impukane yezithelo

Impukane yezithelo (I-Keratitis capitata) ungowokuzalwa e-Afrika, yize okwamanje kutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni jikelele. Yisinambuzane esindizayo esidla izinto ezinoshukela wezithelo, isimilo esisinika igama laso.

Lokhu kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimpukane ukundiza isikhathi esifushane, bese umhlaba uphumula futhi wondle. Impukane yezithelo ibhekwa njengesilokazane emazweni amaningi njengoba idala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni. Uma lolu hlobo lukhona ekhaya lakho futhi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungakwesabisa kanjani ngaphandle kokulimaza.

impukane enemishwe

Olunye uhlobo kulolu hlu lwezinambuzane ezindizayo i-butterfly enemigqa (I-Tabanus subsimilis). Lesi sinambuzane esidakayo sihlala e-United States naseMexico, lapho sitholakala khona ezindaweni zemvelo nezasemadolobheni.

I-horsefly enemigqa ilinganiselwa kumasentimitha amabili futhi inomzimba onsundu onemivimbo esiswini. Njengezinye izinhlobo zempukane, amaphiko akho ampunga futhi makhulu, kumbozwe ezinye izimbambo.

I-Asian Tiger Mosquito

I-Asian Tiger Mosquito (I-Aedes albopictus) isatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi e-Afrika, e-Asia naseMelika. Yisinambuzane esikwazi ukudlulisa izifo kubantu, njengodenga ne-yellow fever.

Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, abesifazane kuphela abondla igazi. Khonamanjalo, abesilisa bafaka umpe ezimbalini. Lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengezingenangqondo futhi zidala izimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo noma ngesikhathi semvula.

Izinambuzane ezindizayo ze-Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera)

Bavele emhlabeni ngesikhathi seMfundo ePhakeme. ILepidoptera inesikhala somlomo esincelayo, esifana nethubhu. Izimpiko zinolwelwesi futhi nginezikhiye ezibekiwe, ezinohlobo olulodwa noma ezicwecwe. Leli oda lifaka phakathi amabhu nezimvemvane.

Ezinye izibonelo zeLepidoptera zimi kanje:

  • Ibhu eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (morpho menelaus);
  • Ipigogo (saturnia pavonia);
  • Uvemvane lweSwallowtail (papilio machaon).

Esinye sezinambuzane ezindizayo ezinelukuluku nelimnandi kakhulu uvemvane oluphiko lwenyoni, ngakho-ke sizokhuluma kancane ngalo ngezansi.

inyoni uvemvane

THE I-Ornithoptera alexandrae é kugcwele ePapua New Guinea. Ithathwa njengevemvane enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, njengoba ifinyelela kubude bamaphiko obungamasentimitha angama-31. Izimpiko zesifazane zinsundu nezindawo ezithile ezimhlophe, kanti ezeduna ezincane ziluhlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Lolu hlobo luhlala kumamitha ayi-850 ukuphakama emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Idla impova evela ezimbali ezihlobisa ezehlukene futhi ifinyelela ebudaleni ezinsukwini eziyi-131 zokuphila. Njengamanje, usengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo yokuhlala.

Uma uthanda izimvemvane futhi ufuna ukufunda kabanzi ngazo, bheka le enye indatshana yokuzalaniswa kovemvane.

Izinambuzane ezindizayo zeBlattodea (Blattodea)

Ngaphansi kwaleli qembu lezinambuzane ezindizayo zihlukaniswa Amaphela, izinambuzane eziyizicaba ezisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amaphela nawo angandiza yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi akuwona wonke anezimpiko. Bavele ngesikhathi seCarboniferous futhi iqembu lifaka izinhlobo ezindizayo njenge:

  • Umuhlwa Omkhulu WaseNyakatho Australia (Ama-mastotermes kaDarwiniensis);
  • Iphela lesiJalimane (IBlattella germanica);
  • Iphela laseMelika (I-American Periplanet);
  • Iphela lase-Australia (I-Periplaneta australasiae).

Njengesibonelo sephela endizayo, siqokomisa iphela lasePennsylvania bese sibona ukuthi kungani.

iphela lasePennsylvania

THE parcoblatta pensylvanica uhlobo lwephela elitholakala eNyakatho Melika. Ibonakala ngomzimba omnyama onemivimbo elula emhlane. Ihlala emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinotshani obuningi, ngaphezu kwezindawo ezisemadolobheni.

Iningi lamaphela lindiza phezulu futhi liyakwazi ukusebenzisa amaphiko alo ukushibilika lisuka ezindaweni eziphakeme liye kwezinye izindawo. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, kufaka phakathi iPennsylvania, abesilisa kuphela abanamaphiko.

Izinambuzane ezindizayo zeColeoptera (Coleoptera)

I-Coleoptera yizinambuzane ezindizayo, esikhundleni samaphiko ajwayelekile, ezinazo ama-eliters amabili anzima ezisebenza njengesivikelo lapho isilwane siphumule. Banomlomo odonsa ngokuhlafuna kanye nemilenze evulekile. Izinsalela ziqopha ukuthi zazikhona emuva kakhulu njengePermian.

Ngokulandelana kweColeoptera sithola amabhungane, ama-ladybugs nezikhanyisi, phakathi kokunye. Ngakho-ke, amanye amafayela we- amagama ezinambuzane ezindizayo ezindizayo abamele kakhulu:

  • Ibhungane lewashi lokufa (I-Xestobium rufovillosum);
  • Amazambane Beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata);
  • Elm ibhungane (Xanthogaleruca luteola);
  • I-ladybug ephinki (IColeomegilla maculata);
  • Colon ladybird (U-Adalia unqampuna).

intokazi-ntokazi enamaphuzu ayisikhombisa

Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezindizayo eziyingxenye yalolu hlu ezinamagama, izici nezithombe, kungenzeka futhi ukusho i-ladybird enamabala ayisikhombisa (Coccinella septempunctata). Lolu uhlobo olugqugquzela opopayi abaningi, njengoba lufaka i- amaphiko ajwayelekile abomvu ngokugqamile anamachashazi amnyama.

Le ladybug isatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, futhi ifudukela ebusika. Idla ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane, ifakwa ezitshalweni ukulawula izinambuzane.

i-cerambicidae enkulu

I-cerambicidae enkulu (titanus giganteus) yisilwane ukuthi uhlala ehlathini lase-Amazon. Inomzimba onsundu ngokubomvu, udlawana nezimpondo, kodwa into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngaleli bhungane ubukhulu bayo, njengoba ilinganisa amasentimitha ayi-17.

Umhlobo lo uhlala ezihlahleni, kusuka lapho ukwazi ukundiza uye phansi. Eziduna nazo zenza imisindo yokusabisa izilwane eziyizingelayo.

Bheka le ndatshana uthole okuningi ngezinhlobo zamabhungane.

Izinambuzane ezindizayo ze-Odonata (Odonata)

Lezi zinambuzane zavela ngesikhathi sePermian. Zinamehlo amakhulu kakhulu nemizimba eyi-cylindrical ehlanganisiwe. Izimpiko zakho zinoqwembe, mncane futhi esobala. I-oda le-odonatos lakhiwe yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-6,000, phakathi kwazo sithola ojekamanzi noma amantombazane. Ngakho-ke, ezinye zezibonelo zezinambuzane ezincishisayo yilezi:

  • I-Dragonfly-Emperor (I-Anax condator)
  • Ujekamanzi Oluhlaza (U-Anax Junius)
  • I-Blue Piper (I-Calopteryx virgo)

Ujekamanzi Oluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka

Isibonelo sokugcina sezinambuzane ezindizayo yi Enallagma cyathigerum noma i-dragonfly ejwayelekile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuyinhlobo ehlala engxenyeni enkulu ye-Europe nakwezinye izindawo zase-Asia, lapho isatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseduze namanzi ahlanzekile anezinga eliphezulu le-asidi, ngoba izinhlanzi, izidlo zayo eziyinhloko, aziphili ngaphansi kwalezi zimo.

Lojekamanzi uhlukaniswa yi umbala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka komzimba wayo, kuhambisana neminye imivimbo emnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamaphiko avulekile ongawasonga lapho ufuna ukuphumula.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinambuzane ezindizayo: amagama, izici nezithombe, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.