Ukwehluleka Kwesibindi Emakati - Izimpawu kanye Nokwelapha

Umlobi: Peter Berry
Usuku Lokudalwa: 14 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 14 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Ukwehluleka Kwesibindi Emakati - Izimpawu kanye Nokwelapha - Izifufuzo Ezifuywayo
Ukwehluleka Kwesibindi Emakati - Izimpawu kanye Nokwelapha - Izifufuzo Ezifuywayo

-Delile

Ukwehluleka kwesibindi emakati kuvela ngenxa yezifo zesibindi ezithinta i- ukusebenza kwesibindi, njenge-hepatic lipidosis, i-cholangitis, i-amyloidosis noma izicubu, kepha futhi kungenziwa ngenxa yezifo ezengeziwe noma ubuthi.

Izimpawu zazo zonke lezi zifo azicacanga futhi zibandakanya, phakathi kokunye: ukukhathala, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukungathandi ukudla, ukwanda kokudla kwamanzi nokuhlanza. Ngezigaba ezithuthukile zokulimala kwesibindi kuyavela i-jaundice (ulwelwesi lwamafinyila oluphuzi), i-hepatic encephalopathy ngisho ne-ascites (ukuqoqwa koketshezi esiswini).

Ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eminingi nge ukwehluleka kwesibindi emakati - izimpawu nokwelashwa? Qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal futhi uzokwazi kangcono izifo ezingadala ukwehluleka kwesibindi ku-feline yakho encane.


Kuyini ukwehluleka kwesibindi emakati?

Ngegama elithi ukwehluleka kwesibindi i-feline, sibhekisa kuzo zonke izifo nezimo eziguqula ukusebenza okulungile kwesibindi sekati. Kuningi izifo ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwesibindi, amanye aphansi kanti amanye asekondari ngenxa yobuthi noma izifo ze-extrahepatic.

Isibindi samakati sifeza imisebenzi eminingi, njengoba ibalulekile ekugayeni, ekwakhiweni kwama-bilirubin, i-glycogen, i-lipoproteins, i-albhamuin nokuhlunga izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iguqulelwa esimweni esidla amakati, njengoba ngenyama abayitholayo, phakathi kwezinye izakhamzimba, i-taurine ne-arginine, okungama-amino acid amabili amakati.

Isibindi sakha usawoti we-bile kusuka ekuhlanganisweni kwe-bile acid ne-taurine ne-arginine, kuyangenelela ekwakhiweni kwe-ammonia kusuka e-urea nokuqedwa kwayo, ngakho-ke, ukusweleka kwe-arginine kuzodala ubuthi be-ammonia ekati lethu, kubangele ukuqothuka kwesibindi okuvame ukubulala umphumela.


Izimbangela Zokwehluleka Kwesibindi Se-Feline

Ukwehluleka kwesibindi emakati kungadalwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isifo sesibindi kuphela, izifo ezithathelwanayo, izifo ezithweni ngaphandle kwesibindi sekati, noma ubuthi:

izifo zesibindi

Kunezifo ezahlukahlukene zesibindi ezingathinta isibindi sekati futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ukunganele ngokwanele noma okuncane kakhulu:

  • isibindi lipidosis: okubizwa nangokuthi isibindi esinamafutha, kukhona ukungena kwamafutha kumaseli esibindi esibuhlungu okwenza ukungasebenzi kwawo, kube yingozi kumafinal ethu. Imvamisa kwenzeka emakati akhuluphele ngokweqile ahlulekayo ukudla izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngesizathu esithile, ekhipha amanoni asezitolo zomzimba wawo egazini aze afinyelele esibindini. Kungabangelwa ngoba, lapho beyeka ukudla, abahlanganisi ama-lipoprotein asezingeni eliphansi ahlanganisa ama-triglycerides aphume esibindini noma avimbele uketshezi kwamafutha acid ngokushoda kwe-carnitine, etholakala ngama-amino acid amabili adingekayo ikati okufanele qhubeka nokudla kwakho. Izimbangela zesibili ezingaziveza yi-cholangitis, i-pancreatitis, isifo samathumbu noma isifo se-endocrine (hyperthyroidism, isifo sikashukela mellitus).
  • I-cholangitis engathathi hlangothi: ukuvuvukala kwemibhobho yenyongo yesibindi evela ekuthelelekeni kwamagciwane esiswini (Escherichia coli, i-streptococci noma i-clostridia). Imvamisa kuhlotshaniswa nesifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu kanye / noma i-pancreatitis, lokhu kuvamile emakati futhi kubizwa ngokuthi yi-feline triad, ngoba isibindi namapayipi e-pancreatic aholela emathunjini, ngakho-ke izifo ezisemathunjini noma amanyikwe zingathinta isibindi.
  • i-lymphocytic cholangitis: kuyisifo esingapheli esiqhubekela phambili sokuvikela omzimba ngokungena kwe-lymphocyte.
  • Isifo sokuqina kwesibindi: ivela ekugcineni kwesifo esingalapheki sesibindi futhi iqukethe ukuvela kwe-fibrosis, amaqhubu angajwayelekile okuvuselelwa kanye nama-anastomoses wemithambo ye-portal vein.
  • amyloidosis: iqukethe idiphozi yamaprotheni e-amyloid esibindi, engayiphula, yenze igazi lingene esiswini (hemoabdomen). Kuvame ukwenzeka nakwezinye izitho, njengezinso, futhi imvamisa kuyimpendulo yokuvuvukala okungapheli. Ivame ukuchazwa kukati lase-Abyssinia, iSiamese ne-Oriental.
  • izimila zesibindi: akuvamile emakati, okuvame kakhulu ukuba yi-bile duct carcinoma. Singawabona futhi ama-lymphomas esibindini, kepha imvamisa siwathola kwenye indawo.

Izifo ezithathelwanayo

Phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezingadala ukwehluleka kwesibindi emakati, siqokomisa:


  • I-PIF: ngokwakhiwa kwama-pyogranulomas esibindi ngendlela eyomile yesifo.
  • toxoplasmosis: nge-hepatocyte necrosis (ukufa kwamangqamuzana wesibindi) nokuvuvukala.

Ubuthi

Amakati ane- ukusilela kwe-enzyme umzimba ukudluliswa kweglucuronyl, elibhekele ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile noma ama-metabolites abo ane-glucuronic acid ukuze aqhubeke nemethabolism kanye nokuqedwa kwabo. Eminye imishanguzo esebenzisa lo mzila futhi okungafanele inikezwe amakati ethu ngoba inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingadala i-necrosis yesibindi, yilena: i-acetaminophen, ibuprofen ne-aspirin. Eminye imithi enobuthi besibindi emakati amakhemikhali yi-methimazole, tetracyclines, diazepam, L-asparaginase ne-doxorubicin.

I-Portosystemic Shunt

Siqukethe ushintsho ekusakazeni kwesibindi sekati semvelaphi yokuzalwa yi- ubukhona besitsha segazi esengeziwe exhuma i-portal vein kanye ne-caudal vena cava (circic circulation), ukuze izinto ezinobuthi ezithile ezisuka emathunjini zifinyelele esibindini kepha azihlungwe ngokuxhumana ngemithambo, bese idlula ngqo ekusakazeni okujwayelekile, okuholela ekulimaleni okuyingozi ebuchosheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalokhu, ama-atrophies wesibindi, anciphisa ubukhulu bawo futhi akhiqize ukwehluleka kwesibindi.

Phakathi kwazo zonke, izifo ezivame ukudala ukwehluleka kwesibindi ezinhlotsheni ze-feline yi-hepatic lipidosis ne-cholangitis.

Izimpawu Zokwehluleka Kwesibindi Emakati

Izimpawu Zokwehluleka Kwesibindi Se-Feline azichazeki, ngokuya ngenqubo eqala ngayo nobulukhuni bayo, singathola izizathu eziningana, njenge-jaundice emakati:

  • Ukungabi nesifiso sokudla
  • Ukwehla kwesisindo
  • Imikhuba emibi
  • ukuhlanza
  • Uhudo
  • I-Anorexia
  • polydipsia
  • i-dysuria
  • Ukucindezeleka
  • Ukunganaki
  • I-jaundice
  • Ama-Ascites

Ezimweni ze-hepatic encephalopathy ngenxa yokwanda kobuthi obungahlungiwe isibindi, ukuquleka, ubumpumputhe, ukukhushulwa ngokweqile, izinguquko ekuziphatheni, ulaka, ukudideka noma ikhoma kuzobonakala.

Ukuxilongwa kokuhluleka kwesibindi se-feline

Ukutholakala kwezifo ezingadala ukwehluleka kwesibindi emakati ethu kuqedwa ngomlando omuhle, ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo, ukuhlaziywa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali, i-ultrasound kanye ne-biopsies.

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba

Ngesikhathi se-anamnesis nokuhlolwa kwe-feline, kufanele sibheke futhi sibuze umfundisi mayelana nezimpawu zomtholampilo ezilethayo, sibheke isimo sayo se-hydration, ijazi, isimo se-mucosal ukuhlola isithombe esingahle sibe khona se-jaundice nesimo somzimba, kanye nokubamba kwesilwane funa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini uketshezi esiswini esiswini okubonisa ama-ascites. I-jaundice ne-ascites ngezinye zezimpawu ezedlule zesifo sesibindi ekati, okucaciswa kakhulu ukwehluleka kwesibindi.

ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele nekhemikhali yegazi lekati kuyenziwa. Kuyo kufanele babheke omaka bokusebenza nesifo sesibindi:

  • izimpawu zesifo sesibindi: ukwanda kwama-enzyme i-ALT ne-AST kukhombisa ukulimala kwamangqamuzana esibindi, yize njengoba kunempilo emaphakathi yamahora ambalwa ekati, uma singaziboni zanda, asikho isizathu sokungabi nesifo sesibindi. Ukwanda kwama-enzyme i-ALP ne-GGT kuholela ekulimaleni kwemigudu ye-bile kanye ne-canaliculi, ngenkathi ukwandisa i-GGT kuphela kuholela ekulimaleni kwesibindi okuningi.
  • Omaka bokusebenza kwesibindi: lokhu kuyashintshwa lapho ukwehluleka kwesibindi sekuthuthukile, kuba yi-hyperbilirubinemia (i-bilirubin eyandisiwe), i-hypoglycemia (i-glucose ephansi), i-hypoalbuminemia (i-albin ephansi), i-hyper noma i-hypocholesterolemia (ukwehla noma ukwanda kwe-cholesterol) nesikhathi esandayo sokujiya (ngenxa yokushoda kwevithamini K) . Ukwanda kwe-bilirubin ngokungabikho kwe-hemolytic anemia noma isifo se-pancreatic kuyinkomba enhle yokwehluleka kwesibindi, futhi ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale kukhuphuka ekuhlaziyweni, amakati ngokuvamile ane-bilirubinuria (i-bilirubin emchameni) ehlala ihlasela izifo kulezi zinhlobo. Uma i-bilirubin ijwayelekile, umaka ozwela kakhulu futhi oqondile wokuthola ukwehluleka kwesibindi emakati ukukhuphuka kwe-bile acid ngesikhathi sokuzila nangamahora amabili wokudla.

Ukufanekisa Ukuhlola

Ngokuqondile, inqubo ewusizo kulawa macala yi- i-ultrasoundisisu, yize kujwayelekile ukungazitholi izinguquko noma ngabe ikati linesifo sesibindi. Kwezinye izimo, izilonda zokugxila, isibindi esandisiwe nge-pareyyma ye-hyperechoic (emhlophe ngesithombe) okusolwa ukuthi yi-lipidosis, ukunwetshwa kwamapayipi enyongo aphakamisa i-cholangitis, noma i-vascularization kungahlolwa ukutholakala kwe-portosystemic shunts.

i-biopsy yesibindi

Ukutholakala okucacile kwezifo eziningi ezibangela isifo sesibindi emakati kutholakala nge isifundo se-anatomopathological ngokwenza ama-biopsies. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ze-lipidosis ingatholwa yizinyathelo zangaphambilini kanye ne-fine-needle cytology cytology (FAP), lapho kuzobonakala khona amaseli amaningi amafutha, yize kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ingahlangana nezinye izifo, ngakho-ke hhayi Kuzohlala kuchaza njalo, kudinga i-biopsy. Ezimweni ezisolwa nge-cholangitis, i-bile ingatholakala kulezi ziteshi ze-cytology namasiko, ngaphandle kwesidingo se-biopsy ezimweni ze-neutrophilic cholangitis.

Ukwelashwa kokuhluleka kwesibindi emakati

Ukwelashwa kokuhluleka kwesibindi emakati kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuzoya ngesifo noma izifo ezihlala esilwaneni. Ngayinye yalezi kufanele iphathwe ngqo uma itholakele ngokuhlukile futhi ngokuya ngezimpawu. Ngezansi, sizoklelisa ukwelashwa okuningana okungenzeka, kufaka phakathi amakhambi wesibindi ekati azokusiza kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hepatic lipidosis

Ingabe i-hepatic lipidosis emakati iyelapheka? I-Lipidosis yisifo esibi kakhulu okufanele sitholakale futhi silashwe kusenesikhathi ukuze sisindise ikati lethu, kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singalapheka khona. Ukwelashwa kwakho kuncike kakhulu ku:

  • ukudla okunomsoco nge-esophagostomy noma nge-nasogastric tube (inyuswa ngama-25% usuku ngalunye kuze kufike ku-kcal yansuku zonke edinga ikati ngosuku lwesine).
  • ukwelashwa oketshezi ngama-crystalloids ama-isotonic afakwe ne-potassium, uma kunesidingo.
  • Izithako zokudla okunomsoco namavithamini: i-taurine (ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha ukukhubazeka), L-carnitine (ukwandisa i-oxidation yamafutha acid) kanye amavithamini E (i-antioxidant), B noK (ukwelapha i-coagulopathy ngenxa yokushoda kwayo).
  • Uma une-hepatic encephalopathy, kufanele inikezwe i-lactulose ngomlomo kuhlanganiswe ne- ama-antibiotic njenge-amoxicillin noma i-metronidazole. Yizindlela ezingcono kakhulu zekhambi zokwelapha lezi zinkinga zesibindi emakati.
  • Ukugcwalisa izindawo ezigciniwe ze-glutathione ezivikela kuma-oxidizing agents, kufanele inikezwe I-N-acetyl-cysteine kancane ngemithambo. Ama-antiemetics, izivikeli zesisu, izivuseleli zesifiso sokudla, kanye ne-buprenorphine kufanele futhi inikezwe ukulawula izinhlungu uma kune-pancreatitis ehambisanayo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-neutrophilic cholangitis

Izindlela ezifanele zokwelashwa okufanele zisetshenziswe yilezi ama-antibiotic, amasonto ama-4-6, ngesiko langaphambilini kanye ne-antibiotic (cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanic, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole). Uma impendulo ingalungile, kufanele ingezwe ama-steroids. Ngokuya ngobukhulu, a ukwelashwa okusekelayo no:

  • Ukwelashwa kwamanzi.
  • Ukudla okunomsoco.
  • Ama-antiemetics.
  • I-Ursodeoxycholic acid yokukhuthaza uketshezi lwe-biliary, kepha uma ngabe kungekho ukuvinjelwa, ngaphezu kwe-anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory kanye ne-antifibrotic.
  • Ama-antioxidants anjenge-S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) neVitamin E ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okubangela izifo.
  • Izithako zokudla okunomsoco namavithamini.

Ukwelashwa kwe-lymphocytic cholangitis

Ama-antibiotic ne-prednisolone zenziwa ngemithamo ephezulu (2-3 mg / kg / 24 amahora) ngokuncishiswa okuqhubekayo komthamo ngokusho kokuphendula nokwelashwa okusekelayo okufana nokwama-neutrophils. Uma impendulo ku-prednisolone inganele, eminye imishanguzo yamakati ingangezwa, kufaka phakathi ama-immunosuppressants afana ne-clrambucil.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo

Ezimweni zezifo ezinomsuka wokutheleleka, lesi sifo kufanele silashwe futhi isibindi sekati sivikelwe ngama-antioxidants (i-SAMe, i-vitamin E), ihlinzekwe i-ursodeoxycholic acid kanye nokwelapha izimpawu nge-antiemetics, ukwelashwa okumanzi, izikhuthazi zesifiso sokudla noma ukudla ngaphakathi, ukulawula ukudambisa izinhlungu kanye izakhamzimba nezakhamzimba.

Ukwelashwa kwezimila zesibindi

Ezimweni zezimila, izivumelwano ze ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali eguqulwe isimila futhi, kwizicubu ezisusekayo, ukuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Portosystemic shunt

Ukwelashwa okukhonjisiwe kuzoba yi ukuhlinzwa, kepha ayihambi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi okokuqala kuyadingeka ukuyizinzisa ngama-antibiotic, i-lactulose kanye nokudla okunamaprotheni amancane.

Manje njengoba usuzazi izimpawu zokwehluleka kwesibindi emakati futhi wazi nokwelashwa ngamakhambi angcono kakhulu wesibindi sekati, ungahle ube nentshisekelo kule vidiyo elandelayo mayelana nezifo eziyi-10 ezivame kakhulu kuma-felines:

Lo mbhalo wenzelwe imininingwane kuphela, kwaPeritoAnimal.com.br asikwazi ukunquma ukwelashwa kwezilwane noma ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxilongwa. Siphakamisa ukuthi uthathe isilwane sakho uye kudokotela wezilwane uma kungenzeka ukuthi unanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo noma ukungaphatheki kahle.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Ukwehluleka Kwesibindi Emakati - Izimpawu kanye Nokwelapha, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu sezinye izinkinga zezempilo.