Izindlala ze-Equine - Izimpawu nokuvimbela

-Delile

• Yini izindlala zama-equine?
• Imbangela yezindlala ze-equine
• Idluliselwa kanjani imigexo yama-equine?
• Ziyini izimpawu zezindlala ze-equine?
• Izimpawu ze-Equine glanders izimpawu
• Izimpawu zezindlala ezinqamulelayo
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Equine glanders
• Ukuxilongwaóclunkeríukunyundela kwe-equine kuphela
• Ukuxilongwa kwelabhorethri yezindlala ze-equine
• Ungayelapha kanjani imihuzuko ye-equine
• ukuvimbela izindlala

Izindlala ziyisifo esibi kakhulu sebhaktheriya esithinta kakhulu amahhashi, yize ama-felines ewela ngemuva nje kokuthambeka nezinye izilwane nazo zingatheleleka. Abantu nabo bangathola lesi sifo, ngakho-ke kungukuthi ukuphoqelelwa kwesaziso se-zoonosis. Ngenhlanhla, manje isiqediwe emazweni amaningi, kepha kusekhona amacala eBrazil.

ama-glanders angabonisa amafomu abukhali anamaqhuqhuva nezilonda ohlelweni lokuphefumula, amafomu angapheli noma angabonakali, lapho amahhashi ahlala ethwala futhi edlulisela amabhaktheriya kukho konke ukuphila. Qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana izindlala ze-equine - izimpawu nokuxilongwa.

Yini izindlala zama-equine?

I-equine glander iyi- izifo ezithathelwanayo yemvelaphi ebucayi kakhulu yegciwane ethinta amahhashi, iminyuzi nezimbongolo, futhi inamandla we-zoonotic, okuwukuthi, ingadluliselwa kumuntu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, amahhashi angama-95% angafa ngenxa yalesi sifo, kanti amanye amahhashi atheleleka ngokungapheli futhi aqhubeke nokusabalalisa amabhaktheriya kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yawo.

Ngaphezu kwamahhashi, iminyuzi nezimbongolo, amalungu omndeni we-felidae (njengamabhubesi, amahlosi noma amakati) futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezinye izilwane ezinjengezinja, izimbuzi, izimvu namakamela nazo zingathinteka kulesi sifo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkomo, izingulube nezinkukhu ziyamelana nezindlala.

Lesi sifo sikhona ezindaweni ezithile ze- INingizimu Melika, i-Afrika, i-Asia kanye ne-Middle East. Kwaqedwa emazweni amaningi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule kanti ukuqubuka kwaso akuvamile namuhla, kodwa-ke, kunamarekhodi akamuva, kufaka phakathi nango-2021, ezifundazweni ezahlukene zaseBrazil.^[1]

Amagciwane abangela ukuthuthumela yasetshenziswa njengesikhali semvelo ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I no-II elwa nabantu, izilwane kanye namahhashi ebutho lempi.

Uma ungumnikazi wamahhashi, sincoma nokuthi ufunde le ndatshana ngezifo ezivame kakhulu emahhashini.

Imbangela yezindlala ze-equine

ukuhlambalaza kubangelwa igciwane, ikakhulukazi i-bacillus yeGram negative ebizwa ngokuthiburkholderia mallei, abomndeni wakwaBurkholderiaceae. Le microorganism phambilini yayaziwa ngokuthi UPseudomonas mallei, futhi kuhlobene kakhulu ne- IBurkholderia pseudomallei, okubangela i-melioidosis.

Idluliselwa kanjani imigexo yama-equine?

Ukudluliswa kwaleli bhaktheriya kwenzeka ngokuxhumana ngqo noma ngemfihlo yokuphefumula nesikhumba sabangenwe yilesi sifo, kanti amahhashi namakati atheleleka ngokungenisa ukudla noma amanzi angcolile ngamagciwane, kanye nama-aerosol noma ngezilonda zesikhumba nezama-mucosal.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuyingozi kakhulu ngamahhashi anokutheleleka okucashile noma okungamahlalakhona, okuthwala ama-glanders ama-bacterium kodwa angazibonisi izimpawu zalesi sifo, njengoba zihlala zithathelana kukho konke ukuphila kwazo.

Kulesi esinye isihloko ungathola ukuthi iziphi izitshalo ezinobuthi kumahhashi.

Ziyini izimpawu zezindlala ze-equine?

izindlala emahhashini zingakhula ngokuqinile, ngokungenamkhawulo noma ngokungenazimpawu. Phakathi kwamafomu adala izimpawu, sithola ezintathu: amakhala, amaphaphu kanye nokusikwa. Yize lezi ezimbili zokuqala zihlobene kakhulu nesifo esibuhlungu, izindlala ezisikiwe ngokuvamile ziyinkqubo engapheli. Isikhathi sokufukamela ngokuvamile sihlala. phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwayisithupha.

Izimpawu ze-Equal gland

Ezindimeni zamakhala, izilonda noma izimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Amaqhubu ajulile acinene.
• Izilonda ku-mucosa yamakhala, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ku-larynx naku-trachea.
• Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-Uni noma kwamazwe amabili, u-purulent, obukhulu futhi ophuzi.
• Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhishwa kwegazi.
• Ukugcotshwa kwamakhala.
• I-submaxillary lymph node ekhulisiwe, kwesinye isikhathi evame ukukhipha ubomvu.
• Izibazi ezimise okwezinkanyezi.
• Imfiva.
• Khwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• I-Anorexia.

Izimpawu ze-Equine glanders izimpawu

Kuleli fomu lomtholampilo, okulandelayo kuyenzeka:

• Amathumba namaqhuqhuva emaphashini.
• Izimfihlo zisatshalaliswa endaweni ephezulu yokuphefumula.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula obumnene noma obukhulu.
• Khwehlela.
• Imfiva.
• Ukuphefumula kuzwakala.
• Ukubabaza.
• Ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo.
• Uhudo.
• I-Polyuria.
• Amaqhuqhuva kwezinye izitho ezifana nobende, isibindi nezinso.

Izimpawu zezindlala ezinqamulelayo

Ezingqungqutheleni ezinqamulelayo, kwenzeka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Amaqhubu aphezulu noma ajulile esikhunjeni.
• Izilonda zesikhumba.
• Uketshezi olunamafutha, ubovu nobuphuzi.
• Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe futhi avuvukile.
• Imikhumbi yohlelo lwe-lymphatic igcwele ubomvu futhi iqine, imvamisa emaphethelweni noma ezinhlangothini zesiqu; kuyaqabukela ekhanda noma entanyeni.
• I-arthritis ene-edema.
• Ubuhlungu kuma-paws.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamasende noma i-orchitis.
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (izimbongolo neminyuzi).
• Izimpawu zokuphefumula (ikakhulukazi izimbongolo neminyuzi).
• Ukufa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa (izimbongolo neminyuzi).

amacala asymptomatic noma subclinical ziyingozi yangempela njengoba ziwumthombo omkhulu wokutheleleka. Kubantu, lesi sifo sivame ukubulala ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Equine glanders

Ukutholakala kwezindlala zamahhashi kuzosuselwa ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo kanye nelabhoratri.

Ukuxilongwaóclunkeríukunyundela kwe-equine kuphela

Ukuvela kwezimpawu zomtholampilo esizichazayo kufanele kuholele ekusolweni kwalesi sifo, kepha icala ngalinye kufanele lihlukaniswe nalo ezinye izinqubo emahhashi ukuthi kubangele izimpawu ezifanayo, njengo:

• I-adenitis efanayo.
• I-Sporotrichosis.
• I-ulcerative lymphangitis.
• I-Epizootic lymphangitis.
• I-Pseudotuberculosis.

e-necropsy, kungenzeka ukugqamisa okulandelayo ukulimala komzimba Amahhashi:

• I-ulceration ne-lymphadenitis emgodini wamakhala.
• Ama-nodules, ukuhlanganiswa, nokusakazeka kwe-pneumonia yamaphaphu.
• Amaqhuqhuva e-Pyogranulomatous esibindi, ebunzimeni nasezinsweni.
• I-Lymphangitis.
• I-Orchitis.

Ukuxilongwa kwelabhorethri yezindlala ze-equine

Amasampula aqoqelwe ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo avela igazi, i-exudates kanye ne-pus ezilonda, amaqhuqhuva, imigwaqo yomoya nesikhumba esithintekile. Izivivinyo ezitholakalayo ukuthola amagciwane yilezi:

• Amasiko nombala: amasampula avela ezilondeni zokuphefumula noma kuma-exudates. Amagciwane ahlwanyelwa egazini eliphakathi kwe-agar amahora angama-48, lapho kungenzeka khona ukubuka amakoloni amhlophe, acishe abe sobala futhi abe ne-viscous, okuthi kamuva kube phuzi, noma ku-glycerin agar, lapho ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ungqimba olu-creamy, viscous, soft and moist izobonakala ingaqina, ibe lukhuni futhi ibe nsundu ngombala. Amagciwane asempucukweni atholakala ngokuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali. B. mallei ingamenyezelwa ibonakale ngaphansi kwemicroscope ene-methylene blue, iGiemsa, iWight noma i-Gram.
• i-PCR yangempela: ukuhlukanisa phakathi B. mallei futhi B. pseudomallei.
• ukuhlolwa kwe-malein: ilusizo ezindaweni ezivamile. Kungukusabela kokuzwela ngokweqile okuvumela ukukhonjwa kwamahhashi athelelekile. Kuqukethe ukufaka ingxenyana yamaprotheni wegciwane ngomjovo we-intrapalpebral. Uma isilwane sikhona, ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo kuzokwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora angama-24 noma ama-48 ngemuva kokufakwa. Uma kugonywe ngaphansi komgogodla kwezinye izindawo, kuzodala ukuvuvukala okunemiphetho ephakanyisiwe engeke idale ubuhlungu ngosuku olulandelayo. Ifomu elivame kakhulu ukufaka inoculation usebenzisa amaconsi wamehlo, kubangele i-conjunctivitis kanye ne-purulent secretion amahora ama-5 kuye kwayi-6 ngemuva kokuphathwa kwayo, isikhathi esingamahora angama-48. Lokhu kusabela, uma kulungile, kuhambisana nomkhuhlane. Kunganikeza imiphumela engaphelele lapho lesi sifo sibi noma sesiseduze kakhulu nesigaba esingelapheki.
• Ukubumbana neRose Bengal: Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi eRussia, kepha ayithembekile kumahhashi anezindlala ezingapheli.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- izivivinyo ngokuthembeka okukhulu ukuxilonga izindlala zamahhashi yilezi:

• Okunamathiselwe kwesengezo: kubhekwa njengokuhlolwa okusemthethweni ekuhwebeni kwamahhashi emhlabeni wonke futhi iyakwazi ukuthola amasosha omzimba kusukela ngesonto lokuqala ngemuva kokutheleleka.
• U-ELISA.

Ungayelapha kanjani imihuzuko ye-equine

Ngoba yisifo esiyingozi kangako, ukwelashwa kwakho kudikibele. Isetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni ezikhona, kepha kuphumela ezilwaneni ezithwala amabhaktheriya futhi zibe ngabasakazi besifo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungaselaphi, futhi ayikho nemithi yokugoma.

ukuvimbela izindlala

I-glander ise- uhlu lwezifo ezigunyazayo zokubika ngamahhashi yi-World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla kufanele zaziswe, futhi izidingo nezinyathelo kungaboniswana ngazo kwi-OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Kuyasungulwa ukuthi izilwane ezithola imiphumela emihle ekuhlolweni kokuxilongwa endaweni engenaso lesi sifo (indawo engeyona eyendawo) bazidele ngenxa yengozi abayifaka empilweni yomphakathi nobukhulu besifo. Izidumbu kumele zishiswe ngenxa yengozi eziyithwele.

Uma kwenzeka ukuqubuka kwezindlala ze-equine, ukusungula ukwahlukaniswa zezikhungo lapho kutholakala khona amahhashi, kuhlanzisiswa kahle futhi kungabulawa amagciwane ezindaweni nezinto, amahhashi namanye ama-fomites. Izilwane ezisengozini yokutheleleka kufanele zigcinwe kude ngokwanele nalezi zikhungo izinyanga, ngoba ukugula noma ukusuleleka kwalesi sifo kuphezulu kakhulu, ukuze izindawo lapho izilwane zihlangana khona zimele ingozi enkulu.

Ezindaweni ezingenazo izindlala, akuvunyelwe ukungenisa amahhashi, inyama yawo noma imikhiqizo etholakala emazweni analesi sifo. Endabeni yokungenisa amahhashi, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okungekuhle (malein test and complement fixation) ngaphambi kokugibela izilwane, eziphindaphindwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa okwenziwa lapho kufika.

Lo mbhalo wenzelwe imininingwane kuphela, kwaPeritoAnimal.com.br asikwazi ukunquma ukwelashwa kwezilwane noma ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxilongwa. Siphakamisa ukuthi uthathe isilwane sakho uye kudokotela wezilwane uma kungenzeka ukuthi unanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimo noma ukungaphatheki kahle.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izindlala ze-Equine - Izimpawu nokuvimbela, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu sezifo zegciwane.