-Delile
- Izilwane zasendle: incazelo, izibonelo nokubaluleka emvelweni
- Umehluko phakathi kwezilwane zasendle nezasekhaya
- Izibonelo zezilwane zasendle
- Ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle: incazelo nomthelela kuzilwane zaseBrazil
- Ukubaluleka kokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane
O ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle ihlala ingenye yezinsongo ezinkulu ekusindeni kwezinhlobo eziningana kanye nokulingana kwemvelo esebenza kuzo. Njengamanje, lo mkhuba uthathwa njengomsebenzi wesithathu omkhulu ongekho emthethweni emhlabeni (ngemuva kwezikhali nokushushumbisa izidakamizwa kuphela), okuhamba ngaphezu kwamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-1 unyaka ngamunye.
EBrazil, yize bekunqatshelwe kusukela ngama-60s ngomthetho 5197 wokuvikelwa kwezilwane, i ukuzingela kwezilwane zasendle kusabhekeke ukuthi minyaka yonke kususwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-38 zomdabu ezindaweni zazo zemvelo. Futhi into ebi kakhulu ukuthi, kuzo zonke izilwane eziyishumi zasendle zaseBrazil ezithwetshelwe ukunikelwa ziphila emakethe engekho emthethweni, eyodwa kuphela ekwazi ukusinda ekuthunjweni.
Lo mbhalo omusha kaPeritoAnimal uhlose ukuqwashisa ngemithelela emibi yalo msebenzi ongekho emthethweni eBrazil nasemhlabeni. Futhi ekuqaleni, akukho okungcono kunokuqonda ziyini izilwane zasendle nokuthi kungani zibaluleke kangaka kubhalansi yemvelo. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi!
Izilwane zasendle: incazelo, izibonelo nokubaluleka emvelweni
Umqondo wesilwane sasendle uhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zoMbuso Wezilwane ezizalwayo futhi bathuthukise umjikelezo wabo wokuphila ezindaweni zemvelo, njengamahlathi noma izilwandle, isibonelo. Lezi zilwane zakha izilwane ezizimele ngokwazo zezwe noma isifunda, ezifeza imisebenzi ethile ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokudla kanye nohlelo lwayo lwezinto eziphilayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana phakathi kwezinhlobo zayo yonke imibuso ehlala kulo, kuvimbele ukubonakala kwezinambuzane, ukugcwala kwabantu nokunye ukungalingani kwemvelo.
Izilwane zasendle zingahlukaniswa njenge okwendabuko noma okungajwayelekile, ngaso sonke isikhathi sithatha njengesithenjwa izilwane ezikhuluma ngokuzimela zezwe noma isifunda esithile. Lapho isilwane siyingxenye yezilwane zomdabu zendawo, kubhekwa njengendabuko. Kodwa-ke, lapho indawo yayo yemvelo ingatholakali ngaphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zemvelo zaleyo ndawo, lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokungajwayelekile. Uma sihlaziya izilwane zaseBrazil, impisi ene-jaguar kungaba yizibonelo zezilwane zasendle ezizalelwa eBrazil, kuyilapho ingonyama noma ibhere elinsundu kungashiwo njengezilwane zasendle ezingajwayelekile, ngoba indawo yazo yemvelo ayitholakali kunoma iyiphi Imvelo yaseBrazil.
Umehluko phakathi kwezilwane zasendle nezasekhaya
Ngokungafani nezilwane zasendle, izilwane ezifuywayo yilezo ezijwayele ukuhlala nabantu futhi umjikelezo wazo wempilo ukhula kahle ngaphandle kwemvelo yemvelo, ezindaweni eziguqulwe ukungenelela komuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo zenze i- ubudlelwane bokuthembela kanye nokunikela ngokuhlanganyela nabantu. Yize bethembele kumuntu ngezidingo ezithile eziyisisekelo (njengokudla, imfudumalo nendawo yokuhlala), ukudala kwabo kunikeza nezinzuzo kubantu (inkampani, ukudla, ezokuthutha, njll.).
Noma, akuzona zonke izinhlobo eziphilayo ekuthunjweni noma ezijwayela ukusondelana nabantu ezingathathwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ukukhuluma nje ngesibonelo esisodwa: ake sicabange ngezilwane zasendle ezisindiswe ekuthunjweni ngokungemthetho futhi, ngasizathu simbe, azisakwazi ukubuyela emvelweni. Lokhu akusho ukuthi lolu hlobo luyekile ukuba lwasendle futhi lwaba lwasekhaya, kepha kunalokho ukuthi abanye abantu babenjalo bavinjelwe ukuhlala endaweni yabo yemvelo futhi kufanele ihlale ezindaweni ezilawulwayo ukuze iphile.
Ngalo mqondo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi inqubo yokufuya idlulela ngaphezu koshintsho olwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile noma olunenjongo endaweni yezilwane. Izilwane zanamuhla ezifuywayo zidlule ekuguqulweni okude futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi, okungabandakanyi nje kuphela imvelo ebazungezile, kepha nemikhuba yabo, indlela abaziphatha ngayo kanye nokwakheka kofuzo kanye ne-morphology eveza izinhlobo zazo.
Lokhu kuguqulwa, ngokwengxenye, kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngenxa yesidingo sokuzivumelanisa nemvelo nendlela yokuphila entsha, kepha futhi kuvame ukuqhutshwa noma kubangelwe ngabantu uqobo, ngenhloso yokuthola izinzuzo ezisuselwa kuzici zomzimba, zezinzwa nezengqondo. zezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
Uma sicabanga ngezinja, ngokwesibonelo, akunzima ukubona ukuthi umehluko maqondana nezimpisi noma izinja zasendle (njenge-dingo, ngokwesibonelo), weqa ngale kwendawo lapho uhlobo ngalunye luqala khona umjikelezo wempilo yalo. Yize lezi zinhlobo zihlobene ngokofuzo, siyaqaphela umehluko ocacile ekubukekeni, ekuziphatheni nasekusebenzeni komzimba ngamunye wazo. Siphinde saqaphela ukuthi abantu benze uchungechunge lokungenelela ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhiqizeni izinja ukugqamisa izici ezithile ezifiselekayo, ezinjengokuzingela nokuvikela, okwenza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-canine zinezici ezithile zobuhle nokuziphatha.
Kwenzeka into efanayo nangezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, ezifana namahhashi, izinkomo nezinkabi, izingulube, amakati, njll. Futhi kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho akuzona zonke izilwane ezifuywayo isilwane, okusho ukuthi, akudalwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenhloso yokuzihlanganisa nokuvikela abantu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi imboni yokudla, imfashini, ezolimo, imfuyo kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi yezomnotho incike ngqo nangokungaqondile ekufuyeni izilwane ezifuywayo. Ukungakhulumi ngemicimbi yezemidlalo nokuzijabulisa esebenzisa izilwane, njengokuncintisana ngamahhashi noma imincintiswano yobuhle bezinja, isibonelo.
Izibonelo zezilwane zasendle
Bekungeke kwenzeke ukuhlinzeka ngohlu oluphelele lwezilwane zasendle esihlokweni esisodwa nje, okungenani ngoba kusenezinhlobo eziningi ezingaziwa ubukhona bazo obungabhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni yisayensi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola nezilwane eziningana zasendle zishabalala, ubukhona bazo obungeke busabonakala endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Ukukunikeza umbono nje, izilwane zaseBrazil ziqukethe cishe i-10 kuye ku-15% yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona emhlabeni wonke. Ensimini enkulu yaseBrazil, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-11 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi eziphilayo, nezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingaba yizigidi ezingama-30. Ngakho-ke ake ucabange ukuthi zingaki izilwane zasendle ezihlala emhlabeni wonke, ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo nasezimo zezulu ...
Ngezansi, sethula izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane zasendle ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa, ezinganyamalala ngokoqobo eminyakeni ezayo:
- Obhejane abamhlophe baseNyakatho
- Ingwe ka-Amur
- Ubhejane weJava
- INingizimu China Ingwe
- I-Vaquita
- UMfula Cross Gorilla
- UKouprey (inkabi yasendle evela e-Indochina)
- USaola
- INyakatho ye-Atlantic Right Whale
- Ubhejane waseSumatran
Izibonelo zezilwane zasendle zaseBrazil ezisengozini yokuqedwa
- IBlue Arara
- otter
- ihlengethwa elibomvana
- jacutinga
- Impisi yaseGuara
- I-Golden Lion tamarin
- savannah bat
- ENyakatho Muriqui
- I-Jaguar
- Umqhumbuzi Ophuzi
- Ufudu lwesikhumba
- ibhola le-armadillo
Ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle: incazelo nomthelela kuzilwane zaseBrazil
Igama elithi "ukushushumbisa" lisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa imisebenzi yokuhweba engekho emthethweni. Endabeni yokushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle, sikhuluma ngakho ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa ngokungemthetho kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene abazingelwa ngonya futhi bathathwe endaweni yabo yemvelo ukuze banikezwe bephila njengoba izilwane ezifuywayo okungajwayelekile noma okunikelwe ekukhiqizeni okuqoqekayo nemikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme lokuhweba (izingubo, izicathulo, iragi, imihlobiso, izinto, njll.).
Ukuhweba ngezilwane zasendle bekulokhu kuchitha izilwane ezizimele hhayi eBrazil kuphela, kodwa nasemhlabeni wonke. Ngokwe-2016 "Live Planet" Report (Umbiko Weplanethi Ephilayo ka-2016), ehlelwa njalo eminyakeni emibili nguI-Zoological Society yaseLondon (ZSL) ngokubambisana nenhlangano iWWF (World Nature Fund), ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo emhlabeni wethu kwehle cishe ngama-58% kusukela ngama-70s.
Ngeshwa, ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle eBrazil kungenye yezigameko ezishaqisa kakhulu, njengoba kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe u-70% wezinhlobo ezishushumbiswa umhlaba wonke zivela emvelweni yaseBrazil, ikakhulukazi kusuka ezifundeni zaseNyakatho, eNyakatho-mpumalanga naseMidwest. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-38 zezilwane zasendle zaseBrazil zizingelwa ngokungemthetho unyaka nonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa ukuthi ukushushumbiswa nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, kulezi zinsuku, kuyizinsongo ezinkulu ekusindeni kwezilwane zaseBrazil.
“Kobunye ubuso bale mali”, sithola amazwe angenisa izinhlobo zasendle, okungukuthi, lezo ezithenga izilwane noma imikhiqizo evela kuzo, ezinikezwa ngokungemthetho ngokushushumbisa. NgokweNational Report on Wildlife Trafficking, eyenziwa yiNational Network to Combat Wildlife Trafficking (RENCTAS), amanye amazwe “adla” lo msebenzi ongekho emthethweni kakhulu yi: United States, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, England, , Switzerland, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, sidinga ukwenza umbono omfushane: akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinye izizwe ezifuywa ekuthunjweni ezibamba iqhaza emakethe engekho emthethweni. Emazweni amaningana, ukufuywa kwezinye izilwane zasendle ekuthunjweni kuyathengiswa kuvunyelwe futhi kulawulwa ngumthetho. Kodwa-ke, izikhungo ezinikezelwe kulo msebenzi kumele zibhaliswe futhi zigunyazwe ukusebenza, ngaphezu kokuhambisana nochungechunge lwezimfuneko zomthetho namazinga ezempilo nezokuphepha.
Kulezi zimo, umsebenzi wokuhweba kufanele wenziwe ngendlela esobala ngokuphelele futhi umthengi athole i-invoyisi enayo yonke imininingwane yesizinda kanye nesilwane esithengiwe ukuqinisekisa imvelaphi yaso esemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane kufanele zilethwe kumnikazi omusha nge ukuhlonza okucacile, okuvame ukuba ne-microchip efakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Ukubaluleka kokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane
Ngakho konke esikubonile kuze kube manje, mhlawumbe usuvele waqonda ukuthi izilwane zasendle ziyathobela. imisebenzi ethile endaweni yabo yemvelo, evumela ukuthi imvelo ehlukene yomhlaba wethu ihlale ibhalansi. Lapho inani lesilwane liphela noma lincipha kakhulu, kwenzeka ukungalingani kwemvelo okulimaza zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo yaleyo ndawo, ethinta nabantu (ngqo noma ngokungaqondile).
Ngaphezu kwemithelela edalwe ukungalingani kwemvelo, ukuzingela izilwane zasendle nakho kube nomthelela omubi emisebenzini yokukhiqiza kanye nasempilweni yabantu. Ukuqedwa kwezilwane ezithile (noma ukuncipha kwazo okunamandla) kuvame ukuvumela ukwanda kwezinye izinhlobo, okungagcina kuphenduke izinambuzane ezilimaza imisebenzi yemfuyo kanye / noma zidlulisele izifo kubantu nakwezinye izilwane.
Lo ngumbuzo onengqondo oqondakala kalula: lapho siqeda umhlaseli, sivumela inyamazane eminingi ukuba yande ngokungalawuleki, okwenza inani labantu ligcwale. Uma siqeda izinyoni nezilwane eziphila ezweni, ngokwesibonelo, sivulela iminyango izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezizala ngokukhululeka, ngaphandle ukulawulwa kwemvelo wesilwane esidla ezinye. Lezi zinambuzane zizothuthela ngokushesha emikhakheni nasemadolobheni akhiqizayo ziyofuna ukudla, okungalimaza isivuno futhi kuzenze izivikeli zezifo eziningi, ngokwesibonelo udenga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezingafani nezinye ezweni kungasongela nokulingana kwezilwane zomdabu, ikakhulukazi lapho isilwane "siphunyuka" ekuthunjweni okulawulwayo futhi sikwazi ukuzala kabusha emvelweni yemvelo, sincintisane nezinhlobo zomdabu insimu nokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zingaba ngabathwali bama-zoonoses (izifo ezingadluliselwa phakathi kwabantu nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane), zibe yinkinga yezempilo yomphakathi nezemvelo.
Kuzo zonke lezi zizathu, akubalulekile nje kuphela ukuthi kunemithetho evimbela ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle, kodwa futhi nokuthi kukhuthazwe izinqubomgomo zomphakathi. ukuqaphela ubungozi balo msebenzi ongekho emthethweni nemikhankaso yokukhuthaza izikhalazo ngokushushumbiswa. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zihlanganiswe namasu okuqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho uyasebenza futhi zijeziswa kanzima labo abenza lobu bugebengu nababeka engcupheni imvelo nenhlalakahle yezinhlobo ezingenakubalwa, kubandakanya nabantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye wethu angafaka isandla ekuqedeni ukushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle. Thanda? Okokuqala, ungabunaki ubukhona bayo futhi ukubike kuziphathimandla ezifanele. Endaweni yesibili, ungalokothi uzuze izilwane ezifuywayo exotic ku-Intanethi, nabathengisi abazimele noma ezikhungweni ezingenayo ilayisense evumelekile yokusebenza. Futhi ekugcineni, ngokwazi ukuthi kunezilwane eziningi ezilinde ithuba lokuba nomndeni nekhaya eligcwele uthando. Ngakho-ke esikhundleni sokuchitha imali eningi futhi ugcina usengozini yokuxhasa imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, zikhuthaze ukuthi ufune i- isiphephelo sezilwane futhi zamukele umngane omkhulu!
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- ziyini izilwane zasendle, sincoma ukuthi ufake ingxenye yethu Okudingeka Ukwazi.