-Delile
Zonke izilwane, kusukela ekuzalweni, zenza ushintsho lwe-morphological, anatomical kanye ne-biochemical ukufinyelela esimweni somuntu omdala. Eziningi zazo, lezi zinguquko zikhawulelwe ukwanda kosayizi komzimba kanye nemingcele ethile ye-hormonal elawula ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izilwane eziningi zihlangabezana nezinguquko ezinkulu kangangoba umuntu omdala akabukeki efana nengane, sikhuluma ngokuguquguquka kwezilwane.
Uma unesifiso sokwazi yini i-metamorphosis, kule ndatshana yePeritoIzilwane sizochaza lo mqondo futhi sinikeze izibonelo ezithile.
ukuguqulwa kwesinambuzane
Izinambuzane yiqembu le-metamorphic par excellence, futhi futhi livame kakhulu ukuchaza ifayili le- ukuguqulwa kwesilwane. Yizilwane ezi-oviparous, ezizalwa ngamaqanda. Ukukhula kwazo kudinga ukuhlukaniswa kwesikhumba noma i-integument, ngoba kuvimbela isinambuzane ukuthi singakhuli ngosayizi njengezinye izilwane. Izinambuzane ngezika- i-phylumhexapod, ngoba banamabhangqa amathathu emilenze.
Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kukhona nezilwane ezingaguquki ekuguqulweni komzimba, njenge ama-diplures, kucatshangelwe ametaboles. Yizinambuzane ezingenamaphiko ikakhulu (ezingenazo izimpiko) kanti ukukhula ngemuva kombungu kuyaphawuleka ngezinguquko ezimbalwa, njengoba kuvame ukubonwa kuphela:
- Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezitho zangasese zezitho;
- Ukwandisa ku-biomass yezilwane noma isisindo;
- Ukwehluka okuncane ngokulingana okulinganayo kwezingxenye zayo. Ngakho-ke, amafomu wezingane afana kakhulu nomuntu omdala, angashintsha izikhathi eziningana.
Ezinambuzaneni ze-pterygote (ezinamaphiko) ziningi izinhlobo zama-metamorphoses, futhi kuya ngoshintsho olwenzekayo uma umphumela we-metamorphosis unikeza umuntu ngokuhlukile noma ngokuhlukile kunokwasekuqaleni:
- i-hemimetabola metamorphosis: kuzalwa iqanda a umabhebhana elinemidwebo yamaphiko. Intuthuko ifana neyomuntu omdala, yize kwesinye isikhathi kungenjalo (ngokwesibonelo, esimweni sojekamanzi). izinambuzane ngaphandle kwesimo se-pupal, okungukuthi, i-nymph izalwa eqandeni, okuthi, ngokudlula okulandelanayo, lidlule ngqo ebudaleni. Ezinye izibonelo yi-Ephemeroptera, ojekamanzi, izimbungulu, imibungu, umuhlwa, njll.
- i-holometabola metamorphosis: eqandeni, kuzalwa isibungu esihluke kakhulu esilwaneni esidala. Isibungu, lapho sifinyelela endaweni ethile, siba isiphungumangathi noma i-chrysalis okuthi, lapho kuchanyuselwa, kuvele umuntu omdala. Lokhu kungukuguquguquka komzimba izinambuzane eziningi ezihlangabezana nakho, njengezimvemvane, amaphela, izintuthwane, izinyosi, iminyovu, amakhilikithi, amabhungane, njll.
- i-hypermetabolic metamorphosis: izinambuzane ezine-hypermetabolic metamorphosis zine- ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kwesibungu. Izibungu zehlukile komunye nomunye njengoba ziguquka, ngoba zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene. Ama-Nymphs akabi namaphiko aze afinyelele ebudaleni. Kwenzeka kwezinye i-coleoptera, njenge-tenebria, futhi kuyinkinga ekhethekile yokuthuthuka kwesibungu.
Isizathu semvelo sokuguqulwa kwesinambuzane, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kufanele bashintshe isikhumba sabo, ukwahlukanisa inzalo entsha nabazali bayo gwema ukuncintisana ngezinsizakusebenza ezifanayo. Imvamisa, izibungu zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukile kunezabantu abadala, njengemvelo yasemanzini, futhi zondla ngokuhlukile. Uma ziyizibungu, ziyizilwane ezidla imifino, futhi lapho sezikhulile, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye, noma okuphambene nalokho.
I-Amphibian metamorphosis
Ama-Amphibians nawo enza i-metamorphosis, kwezinye izimo ecashile kunamanye. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-amphibian metamorphosis yi ukuqeda ama-gill bese wenza indawo ye-amaphaphu, ngaphandle kokunye, njenge-axolotl yaseMexico (I-Ambystoma mexicanum), okuthi esimweni sabantu abadala iqhubeke nokuba nezifo, okuthile okubhekwa njenge- neoteny yokuziphendukela kwemvelo (ukongiwa kwezakhiwo zezingane esimweni somuntu omdala).
Ama-Amphibians nawo ayizilwane ezi-oviparous. Eqandeni kuphuma isibungu esincane esingafana ncamashi nomuntu omdala, njengakuma-salamanders nama-newt, noma ahluke kakhulu, njengamaxoxo noma amasele. THE ukuguquguquka kweselesele yisibonelo esivame kakhulu ukuchaza i-amphibian metamorphosis.
AmaSalamanders, ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, asevele enemilenze nomsila, njengabazali bawo, kepha nawo anezilonda. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwesimo, okungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa kuye ngohlobo, iziphethu ziyanyamalala futhi amaphaphu ayakhula.
Ezilwaneni ze-anuran (ama-amphibian angenamsila) njenge amaxoxo namaselesele, i-metamorphosis inzima kakhulu. Lapho amaqanda echanyuselwa, i- okuncaneizibungu ngama-gill nomsila, ayikho imilenze nomlomo othuthukiswe kancane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ungqimba lwesikhumba luqala ukukhula ezigulini namazinyo amancane avela emlonyeni.
Ngemuva kwalokho, imilenze yangemuva iyakhula futhi inikeze indlela amalungu ngaphambili, kuvela izigaxa ezimbili ezizogcina zikhula njengamalungu. Kulesi simo, unoshobishobi usazoba nomsila, kodwa uzokwazi ukuphefumula umoya. Umsila uzokwehla kancane kancane uze unyamalale ngokuphelele, kuphakamisa ixoxo lomuntu omdala.
Izinhlobo ze-metamorphosis: ezinye izilwane
Akuzona nje izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezinambuzane ezidlula kwinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuguqulwa komzimba. Ezinye izilwane eziningi ezingamaqembu ehlukene entela yentela nazo zibhekana nesimo sokuguquguquka, ngokwesibonelo:
- AmaCnidarians noma i-jellyfish;
- AmaCrustaceans, njengama-lobster, izinkalankala noma izimfanzi;
- Urochord, ikakhulukazi ama-squirt olwandle, ngemuva kokuguqulwa komzimba nokusungulwa njengomuntu omdala, aba yizilwane ezi-sessile noma ezinganyakazi futhi balahlekelwe ubuchopho;
- Ama-Echinoderms, njenge-starfish, ama-sea urchins noma ukhukhamba wasolwandle.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Yini i-metamorphosis: incazelo nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.