-Delile
- Ilukuluku mayelana nezimvemvane
- Zihlalaphi izimvemvane?
- zizalwa kanjani izimvemvane
- udwendwe lwezimvemvane
- ukukhwelana kovemvane
- ukuzalwa kovemvane
Izimvemvane ziphakathi kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Isimo esibucayi sovemvane nokuhlukahluka kwemibala amaphiko ayo angaba nakho, kwenza lesi sinambuzane sibe yisilwane esikhazimula ngokwedlulele nesifuna ukwazi, kokubili nge-morphology yaso nomjikelezo wokuphila kwaso.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ifayela le- ukukhiqiza kabusha uvemvane, ukuthi izimvemvane zizalwa kanjani, zithola ukuthi zihlala kanjani futhi zifunde ngokuguquguquka kwazo, qhubeka ufunda le ndatshana ngabakwaPeritoAnimal. Ake sichaze ngokuningiliziwe zonke lezi zici zokukhiqizwa kabusha kovemvane.
Ilukuluku mayelana nezimvemvane
Ngaphambi kokuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi umjikelezo wovemvane unjani, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ayingxenye yezilwane ezingenamgogodla, ikakhulukazi, zohlelo lweLepidoptera. Yize izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zingukushona, izimvemvane eziningi ziyizilwane zasebusuku. Izilwane ezihamba ebusuku zibizwa ngeRhopalocera kuthi ezasebusuku i-heterocera.
Phakathi kokumangazayo mayelana nezimvemvane, kukhona izinto zabo zomlomo ngoba inophondo oluhle kakhulu olusonga futhi luziqaqe. Ngenxa yalomshini, izimvemvane ezindala ziyakwazi ukukhipha umpe ezimbalini, ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko. Phakathi nale nqubo, baphinde bafeze indima yokupholisa izilwane. Ezigabeni zokuqala zempilo, noma kunjalo, lezi zinambuzane zondla ngamaqabunga, izithelo, izimbali, izimpande neziqu.
Zihlalaphi izimvemvane?
Kungenzeka uzithole emhlabeni wonke, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukusinda ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme. Iningi labo lithanda izindawo ezifudumele ezinezimila eziningi. Abanye, njengevemvane i-monarch, bathuthela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ebusika, ukuze baqedele umjikelezo wokuzala.
Ukuguquguquka kovemvane kungenye yezinto ezibanga ukwazi, njengoba imijikelezo yokuzala nokuzala ilandela ezinye zezinyathelo ezithile. Qhubeka ufunde futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezimvemvane.
zizalwa kanjani izimvemvane
THE isikhathi sokuphila sevemvane kuyehluka kuye ngezinhlobo. Abanye baphila amasonto ambalwa kuphela kanti abanye basinda unyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezifana nezimo zezulu kanye nenani lokudla zibalulekile ekusindeni.
O umzimba wovemvane uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Ikhanda linezimpondo ezimbili, kanti isifuba sinemilenze eyisithupha namaphiko amabili. Esiswini kukhona izitho ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi uhlelo lokuzala. Abesilisa nabesifazane banesimo sokuziphatha ngokocansi, esikhudlwana kwabesilisa. Kungenzeka futhi ukubona umehluko wemibala phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
Umjikelezo uvemvane uqala ngenqubo yokuzala, enezigaba ezimbili, ukuqomisana nokuhlangana.
udwendwe lwezimvemvane
Ukwazi zizalwa kanjani izimvemvane Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ukuqomisana kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Abesilisa benza indiza yokuhlola ukuze babheke abesifazane, beheha ukunakwa ngama-pirouettes, besakaza i-pheromone. Ngokunjalo, abesifazane bayasabela ocingweni ngokukhipha ama-pheromones abo, amaduna akwazi ukuwaqonda ebangeni eliqhele ngamamayela.
Amanye amaduna, esikhundleni sokuwafuna, ahlala aphumule ngaphansi kwamaqabunga noma kwezihlahla bese eqala ukukhipha ama-pheromone awo ukuze ahehe abangaba abangane bawo. Lapho bethola insikazi, owesilisa ushaya amaphiko akhe phezu kwakhe, ukuze akhulelise izimpondo zakhe esikalini esincane asikhiphayo. Lezi zikala ziqukethe ama-pheromone futhi zibamba iqhaza kowesifazane ekulungele ukukhwelwa.
ukukhwelana kovemvane
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekukhiqizeni uvemvane ukukhwelana. Lezi zimvemvane ezimbili zihlanganisa amathiphu esisu, ngalinye libheke kolunye uhlangothi, ukuze kwenzeke ukushintshaniswa kwamageyimu.
Owesilisa wethula isitho sakhe sokuzala esiswini sowesifazane bese ekhipha isaka elibizwa ngokuthi i-spermatophore, eliqukethe isidoda. Isendlalelo sowesifazane sithola isikhwama bese sivundisa amaqanda, atholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ukukhwelana kwenzeka endaweni lapho ama-specimens angahlala amile, njengedwala noma iqabunga. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa lokhu, izimvemvane zisengozini yokuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidlayo, ngakho-ke ezinye thuthukisa ikhono lokukhwelana ngenkathi undiza. Lezi izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuqonda ukuthi izimvemvane zikhiqiza kanjani.
ukuzalwa kovemvane
Isinyathelo esilandelayo umjikelezo uvemvane kungukuguquka kwesimo okwenzeka kusukela lapho owesifazane ekhipha amaqanda. Ngokuya ngohlobo, sikhuluma ngamaqanda angama-25 no-10 000. Amaqanda abekwa emaqabungeni, ezinhlangeni, izithelo kanye namagatsha ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, uhlobo ngalunye lwevemvane lusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwesitshalo, oluqukethe izakhamzimba ezidingekayo zokukhulisa isampuli ngezigaba ezihlukene.
Ngaphandle kwenani lamaqanda afakwa ngabesifazane, yi-2% kuphela efinyelela ebudaleni. Iningi lidliwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye noma lifa ngenxa yemiphumela yesimo sezulu efana nemimoya enamandla, imvula njalonjalo. Ukuguqulwa kwezimvemvane kulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Iqanda: linganisa amamilimitha ambalwa futhi ube nokuma okuhlukile, okuyindilinga, okuyindilinga, okusaqanda, njll .;
- Isibungu noma isibungu: uma nje esechanyuselwe, lesi sibungu sidla iqanda laso bese siqhubeka nokudla ukuze sikhule. Ngalesi sinyathelo, uyakwazi ukushintsha izingqimba zakhe zangaphandle;
- UPupa: lapho usayizi ofanele ufinyelelwa, isibungu siyayeka ukudla bese siveza i-chrysalis, kungaba ngamaqabunga noma ngosilika wayo. Ku-chrysalis, umzimba wakho uyaguquka ukhiqize izicubu ezintsha;
- Umuntu omdala: lapho inqubo ye-metamorphosis isiqediwe, uvemvane oludala luphula i-chrysalis bese luvela ngaphezulu. Kufanele ulinde okungenani amahora amane ngaphambi kokundiza, phakathi naleso sikhathi upompa uketshezi lomzimba ukuze umzimba wakho uqine. Lapho ikwazi ukundiza, izofuna umngane ozophinda umjikelezo wokuzala.
Manje njengoba usazi ukuthi izimvemvane zizalwa kanjani, ungahle uzibuze ukuthi kubathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi baphume ku-chrysalis? Akunakwenzeka ukunikela ngenani elithile lezinsuku njengoba le nqubo iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo, kungenzeka ukuthi ngamunye kufanele ondle ngesikhathi sesigaba sesibungu nezimo zezulu.
Isibonelo, uma amazinga okushisa ephansi, izimvemvane zihlala isikhathi eside ku-chrysalis, njengoba zilinde ukuphuma kwelanga. Yize bebukeka behlukanisiwe, empeleni bayazibona izinguquko zokushisa ezenzeka ngaphandle. Ngokuvamile isikhathi esincane lapho isibungu sihlala ku-chrysalis siphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-14, kepha-ke, singanwetshwa size sifike ezinyangeni ezimbili uma izimo zingakulungele ukusinda.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezimvemvane, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu sokukhulelwa.