-Delile
- izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezisengozini
- IGanges gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
- I-Grenadian gecko (iGonatodes daudini)
- Ufudu olukhanyisiwe (Astrochelys radiata)
- Ufudu lweHawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)
- Unyamvuzelo lwePygmy (Rhampholeon acuminatus)
- I-Boa de Santa Lucia (i-Boa constrictor orophias)
- Isigcilikisha esikhulu (ama-Tarentola gigas)
- I-Arboreal Alligator Lizard (Abronia aurita)
- Isibankwa se-Pygmy (Anolis pygmaeus)
- I-Dark Tancitarus Rattlesnake (iCrotalus pusillus)
- Kungani kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa
- Ungazivikela kanjani ekunyamalaleni
- Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingama-vertebrate we-tetrapod abekhona iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-300 futhi isici sazo esishaya kakhulu ubukhona be- izikali ezimboze umzimba wakho wonke. Zisatshalaliswa umhlaba wonke, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu, lapho singeke sizithole khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zenzelwe ukuhlala emhlabeni nasemanzini, njengoba kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasemanzini.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo kuleli qembu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo, njengezibankwa, onogwaja, ama-iguana, izinyoka nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini (iSquamata), izimfudu (iTestudine), izingwenya, ama-gharials nama-alligator (iCrocodylia). Zonke zinezidingo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ngokuya ngempilo yazo nendawo ezihlala kuyo, futhi izinhlobo eziningana ziyazwela kakhulu izinguquko kwezemvelo. Ngalesi sizathu, namuhla isibalo esikhulu sezilwane ezihuquzelayo sisongelwa ngokuqothulwa kanti ezinye zingase zibe sengozini yokunyamalala uma izindlela zokulondolozwa kwemvelo zingathathwa ngesikhathi.
Uma ufuna ukuhlangabezana ne- izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezisengozini, kanye nezinyathelo ezithathwayo ukulondolozwa kwayo, qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana ngabakwaPeritoAnimal futhi sizokutshela konke ngayo.
izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezisengozini
Ngaphambi kokwethula uhlu lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini, siyakugcizelela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi wazi umehluko phakathi kwezilwane ezisengcupheni yokushabalala kanye nalezo ezisengozini kakade endle. Lezo ezisongelwa zisekhona futhi zingatholakala endalweni, kepha zisengozini yokuthi ukushabalala. EBrazil, iChico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) ibeka izilwane kuleli qembu njengezilwane ezisengozini, engozini noma engozini enkulu.
Izilwane ezisengozini endle yilezo ezitholakala kuphela ekuthunjweni. Ezingasekho, zona, azisekho. Ohlwini olungezansi, uzokwazi Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini engama-40 ngokweRed List ye-International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources (IUCN).
IGanges gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
Lezi zinhlobo zingaphakathi kwe-Crocodilia e-oda futhi zidabuka enyakatho ye-India, lapho zihlala ezindaweni ezinamachibi. Abesilisa bangafinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-5 ubude, kanti abesifazane bavame ukuba bancane kancane futhi balinganise amamitha amathathu. Zinempumulo evulekile, ezacile enethiphu eyindilinga, ukuma kwayo kungenxa yokudla kwazo okususelwe ezinhlanzini, njengoba zingakwazi ukudla inyamazane enkulu kakhulu noma enamandla.
IGanges gharial isengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa futhi njengamanje kunezibonelo ezimbalwa kakhulu, ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala nokuzingela okungekho emthethweni nemisebenzi yabantu exhumene nezolimo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu ababalelwa ku-1 000 basekhona, abaningi babo abangazalisi. Yize ivikelwe, lolu hlobo luqhubeka nokuhlupheka futhi inani labantu liyancipha.
I-Grenadian gecko (iGonatodes daudini)
Le nhlobo ingeye-Squamata ehlelekile futhi ivame kakhulu eziqhingini zaseSão Vicente naseGrenadines, lapho ihlala emahlathini omile ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Ilinganiselwa cishe ku-3 cm ubude futhi iyinhlobo esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye- ukuzingela nokuhweba ngokungemthetho of ezifuywayo ngaphezu. Njengoba indawo yayo ivinjelwe kakhulu, i- ukulahleka nokubhujiswa kwezindawo zabo futhi bakwenza kube uhlobo olubucayi kakhulu nolusengozini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphatha kabi izilwane ezifuywayo njengamakati nakho kuyayithinta i-Grenadines gecko. Yize uhla lwayo lungaphansi kokulondolozwa, lolu hlobo alufakiwe emithethweni yamazwe omhlaba oluyivikelayo.
Ufudu olukhanyisiwe (Astrochelys radiata)
Ku-oda lamaTestudines, ufudu olufakwe imisebe luyinsakavukela eMadagascar futhi njengamanje futhi luhlala eziqhingini zase-A Reunion naseMauritius, ngoba lwethulwa ngabantu. Kungabonakala emahlathini anezihlava ezinameva nezomile. Lezi zinhlobo zifinyelela cishe ku-40 cm ubude futhi ziyisici kakhulu sophawu lwayo oluphakeme nolayini abaphuzi abalinika igama elithi "radiated" ngenxa yesimo salo.
Njengamanje, lokhu kungenye yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa ngenxa ye- ukuzingela ngokungemthetho ngokudayiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo nenyama yabo noboya ukubhujiswa kwendawo yayo, okuholele ekwehlisweni okuthusayo kwabantu babo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ivikelwe futhi kunezinhlelo zokongiwa kwendalo yayo ekuthunjweni.
Ufudu lweHawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Njengezinhlobo zangaphambilini, ufudu lwe-hawksbill lungoluka-oda i-Testudines futhi ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezimbili (E. imbricata imbricata futhiE. imbricata bissa) ezisatshalaliswa olwandle i-Atlantic ne-Indo-Pacific, ngokulandelana. Kuyinto yezilwane ezisengozini kakhulu yofudu lwasolwandle, njengoba kunjalo ifunwa kakhulu inyama yayo, ikakhulukazi eChina naseJapan, kanye nokuhweba ngokungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubamba ukukhipha i-carapace yayo sekuwumkhuba osabalele amashumi eminyaka, yize okwamanje kujeziswa yimithetho eyahlukahlukene emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ezinye izinto ezibeka lolu hlobo engcupheni yimisebenzi yabantu ezindaweni lapho ibeka khona izidleke zayo, kanye nokuhlaselwa ezinye izilwane kuzo.
Unyamvuzelo lwePygmy (Rhampholeon acuminatus)
Ngokuqondene ne-oda le-Squamata, lolu luqhubu olutholakala ngaphakathi kwalabo okuthiwa ama-pygmy chameleon. Isakazeke empumalanga ye-Afrika yonkana, ihlala ezindaweni zokukhuhla nezamahlathi, lapho itholakala khona emagatsheni ezihlahlana eziphansi. Lunwabu oluncane, olufinyelela ku-5 cm ubude, yingakho lubizwa ngokuthi yi-pygmy.
Kubhalwe ohlwini lwengozi yokuqothulwa futhi imbangela enkulu yi- ukuzingela nokuhweba ngokungemthetho ukuyithengisa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu babo, asebevele bebancane ngokwedlulele, basongelwa izinguquko endaweni yabo yokuhlala emasimini. Ngalesi sizathu, i-pygmy chameleon ivikelwe ngenxa yokulondolozwa kwezindawo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi eTanzania.
I-Boa de Santa Lucia (i-Boa constrictor orophias)
Lolu hlobo lwe-oda le-Squamata luyinyoka etholakala eSaint Lucia Island oLwandle lweCaribbean futhi lolohlu lwezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezisengozini enkulu emhlabeni. Ihlala emaxhaphozini, kepha hhayi eduze kwamanzi, futhi ingabonakala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna nasezindaweni ezilinyiwe, ezihlahleni nasemhlabeni, futhi ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ubude.
Lolu hlobo lwaluthathwa njengolungasekho ngonyaka we-1936, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-mongoose, njengama-meerkats, ayiswa esifundeni. Lezi zilwane zaziwa kahle ngokwazi kwazo ukubulala izinyoka ezinesihlungu. Njengamanje, iSanta Lucia Boa isengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa ye- ukuhweba ngokungemthetho, njengoba ithunjwa ngesikhumba sayo, esinemiklamo ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu nesici futhi esetshenziswa embonini yezimpahla zesikhumba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, olunye usongo ukuguqulwa komhlaba abahlala kuwo ube yizindawo ezilinyiwe. Namuhla ivikelwe futhi ukuzingela nokuhweba kwayo okungekho emthethweni kujeziswa ngumthetho.
Isigcilikisha esikhulu (ama-Tarentola gigas)
Le nhlobo yesigcilikisha noma intulo ingeyase-Squamata futhi igcwele eCape Verde, lapho ihlala eziqhingini zaseRazo naseBravo. Cishe icishe ibe ngama-30 cm ubude futhi inombala wamathoni ansundu ajwayelekile ama-geckos. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela abadla ngayo ihlukile kakhulu, ngoba kuncike ebukhoneni bezinyoni zasolwandle lapho zidla amaphilisi azo (amabhola anezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezingadliwe, njengamathambo, izinwele nezinzipho) futhi kujwayelekile ukuthi zihlale ezindaweni ezifanayo lapho zihlala khona.
Njengamanje ihlukaniswe njengengozi futhi usongo lwayo olukhulu yi ukutholakala kwamakati, yingakho bacishe kwaphela. Kodwa-ke, iziqhingi lapho i-gecko enkulu isekhona zivikelwe umthetho futhi ziyizindawo zemvelo.
I-Arboreal Alligator Lizard (Abronia aurita)
Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo, futhi sohlelo i-Squamata, sigcwele eGuatemala, lapho ihlala khona ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseVerapaz. Inobude obungamasentimitha ayi-13 ubude futhi iyehluka ngombala, inamathoni aluhlaza, aphuzi noluluhlaza, anamachashazi ezinhlangothini zekhanda, okugqame kakhulu, njengesilonda esitelekayo.
Ihlukaniswa njengengcuphe ngenxa ye- ukubhujiswa kwendawo yayo yemvelo, ikakhulukazi ngokungena ngemvume. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezolimo, umlilo kanye nokudla emadlelweni nakho kuyizinto ezisongela isibankwa se-arboreal alligator.
Isibankwa se-Pygmy (Anolis pygmaeus)
Kungokwe-oda le-Squamata, lolu hlobo luvamile eMexico, ikakhulukazi eChiapas. Yize kungaziwa kangako nge-biology yayo kanye nemvelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi ihlala emahlathini ahlala eluhlaza. Inombala ompunga onsundu futhi usayizi wayo mncane, ulinganiselwa ku-4 cm ubude, kodwa isitayela futhi ineminwe emide, okuyisici salolu hlobo lwezibankwa.
Le anole ngesinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa ye- ukuguqulwa kwezimo lapho uhlala khona. Kuvikelwe umthetho ngaphansi kwesigaba "sokuvikelwa okukhethekile (Pr)" eMexico.
I-Dark Tancitarus Rattlesnake (iCrotalus pusillus)
Futhi engokwe-oda le-Squamata, le nyoka igcwele eMexico futhi ihlala ezindaweni ezinentaba-mlilo namahlathi kaphayini nawom-oki.
Isongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngenxa yayo ububanzi obuncane bokusabalalisa kanye ne- ukubhujiswa kwendawo yayo ngenxa yokugawulwa kwemithi nokuguqulwa komhlaba wezitshalo. Noma kungekho izifundo eziningi ngalezi zinhlobo, uma unikezwa indawo yayo encane yokusabalalisa, ivikelwe eMexico esigabeni esisongelwayo.
Kungani kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibhekana nezinsongo ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele futhi, njengoba eziningi zazo zingasheshi ukukhula futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, zizwela kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwendawo ezikuyo. Izimbangela ezinkulu ezibangela ukwehla kwabantu babo yilezi:
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo yayo ngomhlaba owenzelwe ezolimo nemfuyo.
- Izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezikhiqiza ushintsho lwezemvelo emazingeni okushisa nakwezinye izinto.
- Ukuzingela yokuthola izinto ezifana noboya, amazinyo, uzipho, ama-hood kanye nokuhweba ngokungemthetho njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
- ukungcoliswa, ezivela olwandle nasemhlabeni, kungenye yezinsongo ezimbi kakhulu ezihuquzelayo ezibhekana nazo.
- Ukwehliswa komhlaba wabo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kanye nokuhlala emadolobheni.
- Isingeniso sezinhlobo eziyinqaba, okubangela ukungalingani ezingeni lemvelo ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihuquzelayo azikwazi ukukuthwala futhi kuveze ukwehla kwabantu bazo.
- Ukufa ngenxa yokuqhutshwa nezinye izimbangela. Isibonelo, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka ziyabulawa ngoba zibhekwa njengoshevu futhi ngenxa yokwesaba, ngakho-ke, kuleli qophelo, imfundo yezemvelo iba yinto ehamba phambili nokuphuthuma.
Ungazivikela kanjani ekunyamalaleni
Kulesi simo lapho izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zisengozini yokuqothulwa emhlabeni wonke, kunezindlela eziningi zokuzilondoloza, ngakho-ke ngokuthatha izinyathelo esizozichaza ngezansi, singasiza ekutholeni eziningi zalezi zinhlobo:
- Ukukhonjwa nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zemvelo zivikelwe lapho izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa zaziwa khona.
- Gcina amatshe nezingodo eziwile ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izilwane ezihuquzelayo, njengoba lokhu kungama-refuge azo.
- Phatha izinhlobo zezilwane ezingavamile ezidla noma ezihambisa izilwane ezihuquzelayo zomdabu.
- Sabalalisa futhi ufundise mayelana nezinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini yokuphela, njengoba impumelelo yezinhlelo eziningi zokongiwa kwemvelo kungenxa yokwazi kwabantu.
- Ukugwema nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane emhlabeni wezolimo.
- Thuthukisa ulwazi nokunakekelwa kwalezi zilwane, ikakhulu ngezinhlobo ezisatshwa kakhulu njengezinyoka, ezivame ukubulawa ukwesaba nokungazi lapho zicabanga ukuthi iyinhlobo enobuthi.
- Ungakhuthazi ukuthengiswa okungekho emthethweni zezinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, njengama-iguana, izinyoka noma izimfudu, njengoba ziyizinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo futhi kufanele ziphile ngokukhululeka nasezindaweni zazo zemvelo.
Bheka futhi, kulesi esinye isihloko, uhlu lwezilwane eziyi-15 ezisengozini yokuqothulwa eBrazil.
Ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa
Izinhlobo esizibalulile ngenhla akuzona kuphela izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke ngezansi sethula uhlu lwezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezisongelwa kakhulu ngezigaba ngokwe-Red List we-International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN):
- Intulo yentabamlilo (I-Pristidactylus volcanensis- Kusengozini
- Ufudu lwaseNdiya (I-Chitra ibonisa) - Kusengozini
- I-Ryukyu Leaf Turtle (Geoemyda japonica- Kusengozini
- I-gecko enomsila weLeaf (UPhyllurus gulbaru- Kusengozini
- Inyoka eyimpumputhe evela eMadagascar (I-Xenotyphlops grandidieri) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- Isibankwa sengwenya saseChina (i-shinisaurus crocodilurus- Kusengozini
- Ufudu oluhlaza (I-Chelonia mydas- Kusengozini
- iguana eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (UCycyura Lewis) - Kusengozini
- Inyoka Ekaliwe KaZong (Achalinus jinggangensis) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- Isibankwa iTaragui (UTaragui homonot) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- Ingwenya ye-Orinoco (Crocodylus intermedius) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- Inyoka yeMinas (I-Geophis fulvoguttatus- Kusengozini
- Isibankwa saseColombia (Lepidoblepharis miyatai- Kusengozini
- I-Blue Tree Monitor (I-Varanus macraei- Kusengozini
- Ufudu olunomsila (i-flat-tailed pyxis) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- isibankwa (Iberocerta aranica- Kusengozini
- I-Honduran Palm Viper (UBothriechis Marchi- Kusengozini
- UMona Iguana (Cyclura stejnegeri- Kusengozini
- I-Tiger Chameleon (UTigrisi Archaius- Kusengozini
- UMindo Horned Anolis (I-Anolis proboscis- Kusengozini
- Isibankwa esinomsila obomvu (I-Acanthodactylus blanci- Kusengozini
- Isigcilikisha esinamazwibela amancane aseLebanon (I-Mediodactylus amictopholis- Kusengozini
- Icilarinas isikhumba esibushelelezi (Ama-Chalcides parallelus- Kusengozini
- Ufudu oluhlanganisiwe (Indotestu elongata) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- Inyoka yaseFiji (Ogmodon vitianus- Kusengozini
- Ufudu olumnyama (terrapene coahuila- Kusengozini
- I-Chameleon Tarzan (I-Calumma tarzan) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- Isibankwa seMarbled (Isigcilikisha esimangele) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- UGeophis Damiani - Usengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa
- I-Caribbean Iguana (U-Antillean Iguana omncane) - Esengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa