-Delile
- Yiziphi izinto ezibolayo
- Ama-decomposers akuchungechunge lokudla
- Ukubaluleka kokubola kumvelo
- Izinhlobo zezinto ezibolayo
- Izinto ezidabukisayo
- abakhohlisi
- izidalwa ezilinganayo
- Izilwane ezibolayo
- Izibonelo zezilwane ezibolayo
- Izibonelo Zezilwane Ezihlambalazayo
- Isibonelo sezilwane ezihaqayo
- Izibonelo zezilwane zobulongwe
Kunoma iyiphi imvelo, njengoba ikhona amaketanga okudla lapho sithola khona izinto ezikhiqiza imifino (azikho abakhiqizi bezilwane) nezilwane eziqothulayo, kukhona noxhaxha lokudla oluyisicefe, inhloso yalo ukuguqula konke okuphilayo kusuka kolunye uchungechunge lokudla kube yinto engaphili, okwenza lezi zinhlanganisela ziphinde zithathe izitshalo. Ngaphakathi kwalolu chungechunge sithola izinto ezibolayo noma eziyingozi, ezinye zazo okuyizilwane ezibolayo, yize iningi lazo kungu-fungus noma ama-bacteria.
Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal sizobona ukuthi ziyini izinto zokubola nokubaluleka kwendima yabo ohlelweni lwezemvelo.
Yiziphi izinto ezibolayo
Izinto ezibolayo yilezi izinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic ezondla ngezinto eziphilayo ngenkathi yokubola noma imfucuza evela kwezinye izilwane, njengendle. Lezi zinto eziphilayo zibizwa nangokuthi ama-saprophage. Ukubola kuyinqubo yemvelo edingekayo emvelweni ukuze kuvuselelwe izinto namandla. Kwenziwa ngobuningi bezinto eziphilayo, eziningi zazo amagciwane abolayo noma izidalwa ze-chemoorganotrophic ngoba zithola amandla ngokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali, zisebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo njenge-substrate.
Elinye iqembu elibaluleke kakhulu lezinto eziphilayo yi isikhunta esibolayo, zombili ezincanyana nezincane. Okokugcina, yize kuvame ekuqaleni kweketango lezinto ezonakalisayo, sithola i- izilwane ezibolayo, nabagcobi beqembu elibalulekile.
Ama-decomposers akuchungechunge lokudla
Kunoma iyiphi imvelo, kukhona uchungechunge lokudla lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola abakhiqizi, abathengi kanye nokubola. Lesi senzo sakamuva ngemuva kokushona kwabakhiqizi nabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene.
Izinto zemvelo ezivela kubakhiqizi nakubathengi (indle, i-biomass nokunye ukungcola okukhishwe ngumzimba) kusebenza njenge ukudla okokubola njengesikhunta nama-bacteria, ube ngowakho umthombo wamandla nezakhamzimba.
Ukubaluleka kokubola kumvelo
Indima yabanqolobi besilinganiso semvelo se-ecosystem ibalulekile. Badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ku ibhalansi yemvelo, ngoba ziguqula into ephilayo ibe yinto engajwayelekile, ngaleyo ndlela ibuyisele izakhi emvelweni. Lokhu kuzovumela lezi zakhi zomzimba ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezinye izidalwa ezizokhiqiza into entsha ephilayo.
Ngamafuphi, izidalwa ezibolayo ziphethe i- phinda usebenzise izinto eziphilayo ekoneni lokudla.
Izinhlobo zezinto ezibolayo
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zezinto zokubola, ezihlukaniswe ngokusho kwe- umsuka wezinto eziphilayo ukubola, noma ngabe kuyisidumbu noma izingxenye zawo, into efile noma indle. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo esizitholayo yilezi:
Izinto ezidabukisayo
Yibo abondla i- imfucumfucu noma kusuka ezingxenyeni zemifino ezinqwabelana enhlabathini, njengamaqabunga, izimpande, amagatsha noma izithelo, okuthi, ngemuva kokubola, kugcine sekwakha ama-humus, okuwumhlabathi ocebe kakhulu ngezinto eziphilayo.
abakhohlisi
Lezi zidalwa zondla izidumbu noma izingxenye zomzimba zezilwane ezibolayo. Imvamisa, lesi senzo siqalwa ngamabhaktheriya alungiselela ukwenziwa kwento ephilayo nezilwane ezibolayo.
izidalwa ezilinganayo
Ziyizinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi isikhunta nezilwane ezibolayo, ezidla ezintweni eziphilayo ezingasetshenziswa endle.
Izilwane ezibolayo
Incazelo yezilwane ezibolayo akuyona enye ngaphandle kokuthi:
Izidalwa eziphilayo zombuso wezilwane ezondla ngezinto ezibolayo eziphilayo.
Sithole izilwane ezibolayo kuwo womabili amaqembu angenamgogodla kanye nama-vertebrate. Phakathi kwabokuqala, mhlawumbe iqembu elibaluleke kakhulu izinambuzane, zezinhlobo eziningi, njengezimpukane, iminyovu noma amabhungane. Sizitholaphi izibonelo eziningi zezilwane ezinomgogodla ezibolayo ngamaqembu izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuningi balolu hlobo lwezilwane kuyehluka ngesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, izilwane ezibolayo ogwadule azivamile, zimbalwa ezingenamgogodla. Kusezindaweni ezinomswakama lapho singathola khona ukwehluka okukhulu kwalezi zinto eziphilayo, ngokuba yizilwane ezibolayo zehlathi lezo ezinokwehluka okukhulu kakhulu.
Izibonelo zezilwane ezibolayo
Ngezansi, sethula uhlu nge izibonelo zezilwane ezibolayo ihlelwe ngohlobo:
Izibonelo Zezilwane Ezihlambalazayo
- Izikelemu (Umndeni I-Lubricidae), ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ku ukwakheka kwe-humus.
- Ama-Gastropods (ama-Mollusks, ama-Lemas neminenke). Eziningi zalezi zilwane nazo zidla izitshalo eziphilayo, okwenza ezinye zibe izinambuzane.
- ama-omnicides noma izibungu (I-Omnicides Suborder).
Isibonelo sezilwane ezihaqayo
- I-Diptera noma izimpukane (Imindeni I-Sarcophagidae, ICalliphoridae, Phoridae noma Muscidae). Ngo- isayensi ye-forensic lezi zilwane namabhungane ziyabhekelwa ukuthola isikhathi sokufa.
- Coleoptera noma Bhungane (Imindeni Silphidae noma Dermestidae)
- izimpisi (Umndeni Hyaenidae). Ezinye izazi zemvelo azizifaki izilwane ezigcotshwe njengengxenye yezilwane ezihuqayo, kepha iqiniso ukuthi zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekubulaweni kwezidumbu.
- amanqe (Umndeni I-Accipitridae futhi UCathartidae)
Izibonelo zezilwane zobulongwe
- Coleoptera noma Bhungane (Imindeni I-Scarabaeidae, IGeotrupidae futhi IHybosoridae). Lokhu kufaka phakathi abadumile Amabhungane obulongwe.
- I-Diptera noma izimpukane (Imindeni ICalliphoridae, I-Sarcophagidae noma Muscidae). Impukane eluhlaza (I-Phaenicia sericata) iyabonakala kakhulu ngopopayi bezilwane.
- Inqe laseGibhithe (I-Neophron percnopterus). Ngaphezu kokuba yisidlakudla, yengeza ekudleni kwayo ngendle yezinkomo ukumunca i-carotenoids (i-pigment yemifino) enika umlomo wayo umbala wayo ogqamile.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinto ezibolayo: ziyini, izinhlobo kanye nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.