-Delile
- Ama-squatiniforms
- AmaPristiophoriformes
- Ama-squaliformes
- I-Carcharhiniformes
- laminforms
- I-Orectolobiform
- I-Heterodontiform
- I-Hexanchiforms
Ukusabalala ngaphesheya kwezilwandle nolwandle lomhlaba, kukhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-350 zoshaka, yize lokho kungelutho uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zezinsalela ezingaphezu kuka-1 000 esizaziyo. Oshaka bangaphambi komlando bavela kwiplanethi enguMhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-400 eyedlule, futhi kusukela lapho, izinhlobo eziningi zanyamalala, kanti abanye basindile kuzinguquko ezinkulu iplanethi eyenzeke kuzo. Oshaka njengoba sibazi namuhla bavele eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100 edlule.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezimo nobukhulu obukhona zenze oshaka bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningi, futhi kulawa maqembu sithola inqwaba yezinhlobo. Sikumema ukuthi wazi, kule ndatshana yezilwane iPerito, zingaki izinhlobo zoshaka ezikhona, izici zayo nezibonelo eziningana.
Ama-squatiniforms
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zoshaka, oshaka be-oda le-Squatiniformes baziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "angel shark". Leli qembu libonakala ngokungabi nayo i-anal fin, i-a umzimba osicaba kanye ne- amaphiko we-pectoral athuthuke kakhulu. Ukubukeka kwazo kufana kakhulu ne-skate, kepha akunjalo.
O angel shark (Squatina aculeata) uhlala engxenyeni ye-Atlantic Ocean, ukusuka eMorocco nasogwini lwentshonalanga yeSahara kuya eNamibia, edlula eMauritania, eSenegal, eGuinea, eNigeria naseGabon eningizimu ye-Angola. Zingatholakala naseMedithera. Yize kuwushaka omkhulu kunabo bonke eqenjini lawo (cishe amamitha amabili ububanzi), lolu hlobo lusengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokudoba okukhulu. Ziyizilwane ezi-aplacental viviparous.
ENyakatho-ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga emaphakathi yePacific, sithola olunye uhlobo lwe-angel shark, i- ulwandle angel shark (Ama-squatin Tergocellatoides). Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngalezi zinhlobo, njengoba kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlu ezihleliwe. Eminye imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi bahlala olwandle, ekujuleni okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100 kuya kwangama-300, njengoba kuvame ukubanjwa ngephutha enetheni lokuhudula.
Abanye Izinhlobo ze-squatiniform shark yilezi:
- I-angel angel yasempumalanga (I-squatin albipunctate)
- U-Angel Shark wase-Argentina (i-argentine squatina)
- I-angel shark yaseChile (I-squatina armata)
- I-Australian Angel Shark (Squatina Australis)
- I-Pacific Angel Shark (californiaica squatin)
- I-Atlantic Angel Shark (I-Dumeric squatin)
- Ushaka wengelosi waseTaiwan (squatina omuhle)
- I-Japanese Angel Shark (japonica squatina)
Emfanekisweni singabona ikhophi ye- ingelosi yoshaka yaseJapan:
AmaPristiophoriformes
I-oda lamaPristiophoriformes lakhiwa yi- wabona oshakaImpumulo yalaba shaka yinde futhi inamaphethelo ahlanganisiwe, yingakho igama lawo. Njengeqembu langaphambilini, ama-pristiophoriformes anginayo i-fin indunu. Bafuna inyamazane yabo ngaphansi kolwandle, ngakho-ke baye bayifuna izengezo ezinde eziseduze nomlomo, ezisebenzela ukuthola inyamazane yazo.
E-Indian Ocean, eningizimu ye-Australia naseTasmania, singathola i- ushaka onezimpondo (I-Pristiophorus cirratus). Zihlala ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi, ekujuleni okuphakathi kwamamitha angama-40 kuya kwangama-300, lapho zingathola kalula khona inyamazane yazo. Ziyizilwane ezi-ovoviviparous.
Ngokujulile oLwandle lweCaribbean, sithola ifayela le- UBahama wabona ushaka (UPristiophorus schroederi). Lesi silwane, esifana ncamashi naleso esidlule nakwezinye oshaka abasaha, siphila phakathi kwamamitha angu-400 no-1 000 ukujula.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela ezichazwe ngoshaka shark, ezinye ezine okuyilezi:
- I-six-gill saw shark (Pliotrema warreni)
- IJapan saw shark (UPristiophorus japonicus)
- I-Southern saw shark (UPristiophorus nudipinnis)
- I-Western saw shark (I-Pristiophorus delicatus)
Emfanekisweni, sibona i- ujapane wabona ushaka:
Ama-squaliformes
Izinhlobo zikashaka ngokulandelana kwe-squaliformes zingaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyi-100 zikashaka. Izilwane kuleli qembu zibonakala ngokuba ne- amabhangqa amahlanu okuvuleka kwama-gill kanye nama-spiracles, okungama-orifices ahlobene nesistimu yokuphefumula. Awunalo ulwelwesi oluchazayo noma ijwabu leso, ngisho ne-anal fin.
Cishe kulo lonke ulwandle nolwandle emhlabeni singakuthola i-capuchin (I-Echinorhinus brucus). Cishe akukho okwaziwayo nge-biology yalolu hlobo. Zibonakala zihlala ekujuleni phakathi kwamamitha angama-400 kuya kwangu-900, yize zitholakale zisondele kakhulu ebusweni. Yizilwane ezi-ovoviviparous, ezihamba kancane futhi ezinosayizi omkhulu wamamitha ama-3 ubude.
Omunye ushaka oyisikwele ngu ulwandle ushaka (Oxynotus bruniensis). Ihlala emanzini aseningizimu ye-Australia naseNew Zealand, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yePacific nasempumalanga yeNdiya. Kubhekwe ezingeni lokujula okubanzi, phakathi kwamamitha angama-45 no-1,067. Yizilwane ezincane, ezifinyelela usayizi ophakeme ngamasentimitha angama-76. Ziyi-ovoviviparous ye-aplacental ene-oophagia.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezaziwayo zoshaka abangama-squaliformes yilezi:
- I-Pocket shark (IMollisquama parini)
- UPygmy Shark onamehlo amancane (I-squaliolus aliae)
- IScraper Shark (Miroscyllium sheikoi)
- I-Aculeola nigra
- I-Scymnodalatias albicauda
- Indwangu yeCentroscyllium
- I-Centroscymnus plunketi
- I-Velvet Shark yaseJapan (Zamy Ichiharai)
Esithombeni singabona ikhophi ye- ushaka wepygmy onamehlo amancane:
I-Carcharhiniformes
Leli qembu lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 zoshaka, phakathi kwazo ezinye zaziwa kakhulu, njenge isando ushaka (sphyrna lewini). Izilwane ezingaphansi kwale oda nezinye ezilandelayo sezivele une-anal fin. Leli qembu, ngaphezu kwalokho, libonakala ngokuba nompumulo oyisicaba, umlomo obanzi kakhulu odlulela ngaphesheya kwamehlo, ijwabu leso elingezansi lisebenza njengolwelwesi olucasulayo futhi uhlelo lwalo lokugaya ukudla lune Kuvunguza wamathumbu valve.
O I-tiger shark (I-Galeocerdo cuvier) kungenye yezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zoshaka, futhi, ngokusho kwezibalo zokuhlaselwa koshaka, kungenye yokuhlaselwa koshaka okuvame kakhulu, kanye ne-flat-head noshaka omhlophe. Ama-tiger shark ahlala olwandle olushisayo noma oluphakathi nolwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Itholakala eshalofini lasezwenikazi nasemadwaleni. Ziyi-viviparous nge-oophagia.
O i-crystal-beation cation (UGaleorhinus Galeus) ihlala emanzini ageza entshonalanga yeYurophu, entshonalanga ye-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika, ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-United States nasengxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Australia. Bakhetha izindawo ezingajulile. Izinhlobo ze-aplacental viviparous shark, ezinodoti ophakathi kwezingane ezingama-20 nezingama-35. Bangoshaka abancane, abalinganiselwa kumasentimitha ayi-120 kuya kwayi-135.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-carcharhiniformes yilezi:
- Ushaka wamakhorali ampunga (UCarcharhinus amblyrhynchos)
- Ushaka onentshebe (smithii leptocharias)
- I-Harlequin shark (UCtenacis fehlmanni)
- Scylliogaleus quecketti
- Chaenogaleus macrostoma
- IHemigaleus microstoma
- I-Snaggletooth Shark (hemipristis elongata)
- Isiliva tip shark (I-Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
- Ushaka okhokhelwe kahle (UCarcharhinus perezi)
- Ushaka we-Borneo (I-Carcharhinus borneensis)
- Ushaka othusayo (I-Carcharhinus cautus)
Ikhophi emfanekisweni iyi- isando ushaka:
laminforms
Oshaka beLamniform yizinhlobo zoshaka abanazo amaphiko amabili emhlane nesinqe esisodwa. Azinawo amajwabu amehlo okucasula, anakho ukuvuleka kwama-gill amahlanu nama-spiracles. I-valve yamathumbu imise okwendandatho. Iningi linempumulo ende futhi ukuvuleka komlomo kuya ngemuva kwamehlo.
Okuxakile ushaka wegoblin (UMitsukurina owstoni) inokusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke kodwa okungalingani. Azisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo olwandle. Kungenzeka ukuthi lolu hlobo lutholakala ezindaweni eziningi, kepha imininingwane ivela ekubanjweni ngengozi kumanetha okudoba. Zihlala phakathi kwamamitha angu-0 no-1300 ukujula, futhi zingadlula amamitha ayisithupha ubude. Uhlobo lwayo lokukhiqiza noma i-biology alwaziwa.
O indlovu ushaka (i-cetorhinus maximus) akusona isilwane esidlayo njengabanye oshaka kuleli qembu, siyizinhlobo zamanzi abandayo ezinkulu kakhulu eziphila ngokuhlunga, ziyafuduka futhi zisatshalaliswa kakhulu olwandle nakulwandle lomhlaba. Abantu balesi silwane esitholakala eNyakatho Pacific naseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic basengozini yokuqothulwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo zoshaka baseLamniformes:
- I-Bull shark (I-Taurus Carcharias)
- I-Tricuspidatus carcharias
- Ingwenya shark (I-Kamoharai Pseudocarcharias)
- Umlomo Omkhulu Shark (I-Megachasma pelagios)
- I-Pelagic fox shark (I-Alopias pelagicus)
- Ushaka we-fox omkhuluAma-Alopias superciliosus)
- Ushaka omhlophe (Carcharodon carcharias)
- Ushaka mako (Isurus oxyrinchus)
Emfanekisweni singabona isithombe se- peregrine ushaka:
I-Orectolobiform
Izinhlobo ze-Orectolobiform shark zihlala emanzini ashisayo noma afudumele. Zibonakala ngokuba ne-anal fin, amaphiko amabili omgogodla ngaphandle kwemhlane, i- umlomo omncane maqondana nomzimba, nge amakhala (kufana nama-nasal orifices) axhumana nomlomo, isifonyo esifushane, phambi kwamehlo. Kunezinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu zoshaka be-orectolobiform.
O Whale shark (i-rhincodon typus) uhlala kuzo zonke izilwandle ezishisayo, ezishisayo nezifudumele, kufaka phakathi iMedithera. Zitholakala ukusuka phezulu kuze kube cishe amamitha ayi-2 000 ukujula. Zingafinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ubude futhi zibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani angama-42. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, i-whale shark izondla ngezinto ezihlukene zezilwane ngokusho kokukhula kwayo. Njengoba ikhula, inyamazane nayo iba nkulu.
Ngasogwini lwase-Australia, ekujuleni okungajulile (ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-200), singathola i- ukhaphethi ushaka (Orectolobus halei). Imvamisa zihlala ezixhotsheni zamakhorali noma ezindaweni ezinamadwala, lapho zingatholwa khona kalula. Ziyizilwane zasebusuku, ziphuma kuphela ekucasheni kusihlwa. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ze-viviparous ezine-oophagia.
Ezinye izinhlobo zikashaka orectolobiform:
- I-Cirrhoscyllium expolitum
- I-Parascyllium ferruginum
- I-Chiloscyllium arabicum
- I-Bamboo Grey Shark (I-Chiloscyllium griseum)
- Ushaka oyimpumputhe (brachaelurus waddi)
- I-Nebrius ferruginous
- I-Zebra Shark (I-Stegostoma fasciatum)
Isithombe sikhombisa ikhophi ye- ukhaphethi ushaka:
I-Heterodontiform
Izinhlobo ze-heterodontiform shark yilezi izilwane ezincane, banomgogodla ku-dorsal fin, naku-anal fin. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo anokuqina, futhi awanawo ulwelwesi olucabangayo. Banama-gill slits amahlanu, amathathu awo ngaphezu kwamaphiko wepectoral. Ngabe izinhlobo ezimbili zamazinyo, ingaphambili libukhali futhi liyindilinga, kanti ngemuva liyisicaba futhi libanzi, lisebenza ukugaya ukudla. Bangoshaka be-oviparous.
O uphondo ushaka (Heterodontus francisci) kungenye yezinhlobo eziyi-9 ezikhona zale oda yoshaka. Ihlala kulo lonke ugu oluseningizimu yeCalifornia, yize lolu hlobo ludlulela eMexico. Zitholakala ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-150, kepha kujwayelekile ukuthi zitholakale phakathi kwamamitha amabili kuya kwayi-11 ukujula.
INingizimu ye-Australia, kanye neTanzania, kuhlala itheku jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Njengabanye oshaka be-heterodontiform, bahlala emanzini angaphezulu futhi bangatholakala kuze kube ngamamitha angama-275 ukujula. Kubuye kube sebusuku, kuthi emini kufihlwe emakhorali noma ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Zilinganisa cishe amasentimitha ayi-165 ubude.
Ezinye izinhlobo zikashaka we-heterodontiform yilezi:
- Ushaka wekhanda oboshiwe (UHeterodontus Galeatus)
- I-Japanese horn shark (UHeterodontus japonicus)
- Ushaka waseMexico uphondo (IHeterodontus mexicanus)
- Uphondo lukashaka we-Oman (Heterodontus omanensis)
- IGalapagos Uphondo Shark (Heterodontus quoyi)
- I-African horn shark (Utshani heteroodontus)
- UZebrahorn Shark (idube heteroodontus)
Isiphakamiso: Izilwane zasolwandle eziyivelakancane ezi-7 emhlabeni
Ushaka osemfanekisweni uyisibonelo se- uphondo ushaka:
I-Hexanchiforms
Siphetha le ndatshana ngezinhlobo zoshaka ngama-hexanchiformes. Le oda yoshaka ifaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningi eziphilayo, okuyisithupha kuphela. Zibonakala ngokuba ne-dorsal fin eyodwa enomgogodla, ukuvuleka kwe-gill eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa futhi akukho nolwelwesi olucasulayo emehlweni.
O inyoka kashaka noma i-eel shark (IChlamydoselachus anguineus) ihlala olwandle i-Atlantic nePacific ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Zihlala ekujuleni okuphezulu kwamamitha ayi-1,500, kanye nobuncane bamamitha angama-50, yize ngokuvamile zitholakala ebangeni eliphakathi kwamamitha ayi-500 kuya kwayi-1 000. Luhlobo lwe-viviparous, futhi kukholelwa ukuthi ukumitha kwalo kungahlala phakathi konyaka owodwa no-2.
O ushaka wenkomo onamehlo amakhulu (UHexanchus Nakamurai) isatshalaliswa kabanzi phezu kwazo zonke izilwandle ezifudumele noma ezipholile nolwandle, kepha njengasesimweni esedlule, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuhluke kakhulu. Luhlobo lwamanzi ajulile, aphakathi kwamamitha angama-90 kanye nama-620. Imvamisa zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-180 ubude. Zine-ovoviviparous futhi zilele phakathi kwengu-13 kuye kwengama-26 inzalo.
Abanye oshaka be-hexanchiform yile:
- I-eel shark yaseNingizimu Afrika (I-African Chlamydoselachus)
- Ushaka we-seven-gill (Heptanchia perlo)
- I-Albacore shark (UHexanchus griseus)
- Inja Yomthakathi (UNotorynchus cepedianus)
Funda futhi: Izilwane eziyisihlanu zasolwandle eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni
Esithombeni, ikhophi ye- ushaka wenyoka noma u-eel shark:
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo Zoshaka - Izinhlobo Nezici Zabo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.