Izinhlobo zezinambuzane: amagama nezimpawu

Umlobi: Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa: 3 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 17 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Izinhlobo zemisho yesiZulu nezibonelo
Ividiyo: Izinhlobo zemisho yesiZulu nezibonelo

-Delile

Izinambuzane ziyi-hexapod arthropods, ngakho-ke imizimba yazo ihlukaniswe ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Futhi, yonke inemilenze eyisithupha namaphiko amabili wamaphiko aphuma esifubeni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sizobona kamuva, lezi zithasiselo ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngeqembu ngalinye. Eqinisweni, ngokuhlangana nezimpondo namaphimbo omlomo, kungenzeka ukuthi zihlukaniswe kalula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane ezikhona.

Leli qembu lezilwane lihluke kakhulu futhi liqukethe izinhlobo ezingaba yisigidi. Kodwa-ke, kukholakala ukuthi iningi alikatholakali. Ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezinambuzane? Kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal, sizochaza ukuthi ini izinhlobo zezinambuzane, amagama abo, izici nokuningi.


Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinambuzane

Ngenxa yokwehluka kwazo okukhulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinambuzane kufaka inani elikhulu lamaqembu. Ngakho-ke, sizochaza ngezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezimele kakhulu futhi ezaziwayo. Nayi imiyalo elandelayo:

  • Odonata;
  • I-Orthopter;
  • I-Isoptera;
  • IHemiptera;
  • I-Lepidoptera;
  • Coleoptera;
  • IDiptera;
  • I-Hymenoptera.

Odonata

I-Odonata ingesinye sezinambuzane ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Leli qembu lifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 500 ezisatshalaliswe emhlabeni wonke. Lawa ama-dragonflies (i-infraorder ye-Anisoptera) namantombazane (ama-suborder we-Zygoptera), izinambuzane ezidlayo ezinenzalo yasemanzini.

I-Odonata inamabhangqa amabili wamaphiko nemilenze evundile ekhonza ukubamba inyamazane futhi ibambe i-substrate, kepha hhayi ukuhamba. Amehlo abo ahlanganisiwe futhi avela ngokwahlukana ezintombini futhi asondele ndawonye ngojekamanzi. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuba uhlukanise.


Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingaleli qembu:

  • ICalopterix virgo;
  • ICordulegaster boltoni;
  • U-Emperor Dragonfly (I-Anax condator).

amathambo

Leli qembu elilezintethe nezikhilikithi ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20 000. Yize zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, zikhetha izifunda ezifudumele nezinkathi zonyaka. Kokubili abancane nabadala badla izitshalo. Ziyizilwane ze-ametabolic ezingabhekeki nokuguquguquka kwemvelo, yize kwenzeka ushintsho oluthile.

Singazihlukanisa kalula lezi zinhlobo zezilwane ngoba izibikezelo zazo ziqine ngokwengxenye (tegminas) kanti imilenze yangemuva mikhulu futhi inamandla, ilungiselelwe ngokuphelele ukweqa. Imvamisa zinemibala eluhlaza noma ensundu ebasiza ukuba bazifihle endaweni ebazungezile futhi bacashe enanini elikhulu lezilwane ezibaxoshayo.


Izibonelo Zezinambuzane Ze-Orthopteran

Ezinye izibonelo zezintethe namakhilikithi yilezi:

  • Ithemba noma iGreen Cricket (Tettigoria viridissima);
  • I-European mole cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa);
  • I-Euconocephalus thunbergii.

amasimu

Iqembu lomuhlwa lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-2 500, zonke ziningi kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo zezinambuzane zivame ukondla izinkuni, yize zingadla ezinye izinto zezitshalo. Bahlala ezindundumeni ezinkulu zomuhlwa ezakhiwe ngokhuni noma phansi futhi banezigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho esikwaziyo.

I-anatomy yayo incike ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, zonke zinezimpondo ezinkulu, imilenze yezitimela, nesisu esiyizingxenye eziyi-11. Ngokuqondene namaphiko, avela kuphela kubadlali abakhulu. Zonke ezinye izigaxa izinambuzane ze-apter.

Izibonelo zezinambuzane ze-Isoptera

Ezinye izinhlobo zomuhlwa yilezi:

  • Izinhlwa ezimanzi (I-Kalotermes flavicollis);
  • Izinhlwa ezomile (i-cryptotermes brevis).

i-hemipterus

Lezi zinhlobo zezinambuzane zisho izimbungulu zombhede (i-suborder i-heteropter), aphid, scale scale and cicadas (Homoptera). Sekukonke bangaphezu kuka Izinhlobo ezingama-80,000, okuyiqembu elihluke kakhulu elihlanganisa izinambuzane zasemanzini, izidalwa ezinamagciwane ezinwabuzelayo, izilwane ezidlayo kanye nezimuncagazi ezine-hematophagous.

Izimbungulu zine-hemiéliters, okusho ukuthi izibikezelo zazo zinzima emazingeni aphansi futhi ziyimbumba phezulu. Kodwa-ke, ongqingili banazo zonke izimpiko zabo. Iningi linama-antenna athuthukile kanye nomlomo omunca.

Izibonelo zezinambuzane zeHemiptera

Ezinye izibonelo zalezi zinhlobo zezinambuzane yilezi:

  • Abagundi bezinwele (Izifo ze-Triatoma);
  • Intwala ebanzi kabhontshisi (aphis fabae);
  • Cicada orni;
  • ICarpocoris fuscispinus.

I-Lepidoptera

Iqembu le-lepidopteran lifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-165,000 zezimvemvane namabhu, kungenye yezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kakhulu neziningi. Abantu abadala badla umpe futhi bayizimpova, kuyilapho izibungu (amacimbi) kungukudla okudla imifino.

Phakathi kwezimpawu zayo kugqama ukuguquguquka okuphelele (i-holometabolic), amaphiko ayo anamabhande ambozwe izikali kanye ne-proboscis, okuyisipika somlomo esivulekile esigoqene lapho zingondli.

Izibonelo zezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran

Ezinye izinhlobo zezimvemvane namabhu yilezi:

  • Ibhu le-Atlas (atlas atlas);
  • Umbungu we-Emperor (Thysania agrippina);
  • Ukhakhayi Boboleta (I-Atropos Acherontia).

Coleoptera

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuneziningi ezingaphezu kwe- Izinhlobo ezingama-370,000 kwaziwa. Phakathi kwazo, kunezinambuzane ezihlukile njengenkomo yegolide (ULucanusizinyamazane) kanye nezintokazi (Coccinellidae).

Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwesinambuzane ukuthi izibikezelo zaso ziqine ngokuphelele futhi zibizwa nge-elytra. Zimboza futhi zivikele emuva kwamaphiko, angamakhompiyutha futhi asetshenziselwa ukundiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-éliters abalulekile ukulawula indiza.

I-Diptera

Yizimpukane, omiyane nezimpukane eziqoqa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-122,000 ezisatshalaliswe emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zinambuzane zithola ukuguquguquka phakathi nomjikelezo wazo wokuphila futhi abantu abadala badla uketshezi (umpe, igazi, njll.), Njengoba benesistimu yezindebe encela umlomo.

Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuguqulwa kwamaphiko asemuva abe yizakhiwo ezaziwa ngokuthi izingalo zerocker. Izibikezelo ziyizikhumba futhi zishaya ukuze zindize, kuyilapho ama-rockers ebavumela ukuba balondoloze ibhalansi futhi balawule indiza.

Izibonelo Zezinambuzane ZaseDiptera

Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezikuleli qembu yilezi:

  • I-Asian Tiger Mosquito (I-Aedes albopicus);
  • i-tsetse fly (uhlobo I-Glossine).

I-Hymenoptera

I-Hymenoptera yizintuthwane, iminyovu, izinyosi nama-symphyte. Yi- iqembu lesibili ngobukhulu lezinambuzane, nezinhlobo ezingama-200,000 ezichaziwe. Izinhlobo eziningi zezenhlalo futhi zihlelwe zaba izigaba. Abanye bahlala bodwa futhi bavame ukuba ngama-parasitoid.

Ngaphandle kwama-symphyte, ingxenye yokuqala yesisu ihlanganiswe nesifuba, esivumela ukuhamba okukhulu. Ngokuphathelene namlomo, lokhu kuwukuhlafuna ezilwaneni ezifana neminyovu noma i-lip sucker kulabo abadla umpe, njengezinyosi. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zezinambuzane zinemisipha yamaphiko enamandla kanye nohlelo lwendlala oluthuthukiswe kakhulu olubavumela ukuthi bakwazi ukuxhumana kahle kakhulu.

Izibonelo zezinambuzane ze-hymenopteran

Ezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala kuleli qembu lezinambuzane yilezi:

  • Umnyovu wase-Asia (iminyovu ye-velutine);
  • Iminyovu Yombumbi (Eumeninae);
  • Masarinae.

Izinhlobo Zezinambuzane Ezingenazimpiko

Ekuqaleni kwendatshana, sathi zonke izinambuzane zinamaphiko amabili wamaphiko, kepha, njengoba sibonile, ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinambuzane lezi zakhiwo ziguquliwe, okwenza ezinye izitho ezinjenge-elytra noma i-rocker izingalo.

Kukhona nezinambuzane eziyingozi, okusho ukuthi azinawo amaphiko. Kungumphumela wenqubo yakho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpiko nezakhiwo ezidingekayo ekuhambeni kwazo (imisipha yamaphiko) zidinga amandla amaningi. Ngakho-ke, lapho zingadingeki, zivame ukunyamalala, zivumele amandla ukuthi asetshenziselwe ezinye izinjongo.

Izibonelo zezinambuzane ezi-Apterous

Izinambuzane ezaziwa kakhulu iningi lezintuthwane nomuhlwa, lapho amaphiko avela khona kuphela kubantu abazalanayo abashiya ukwakha amakoloni amasha. Kulokhu, okucacayo kokuthi amaphiko avela noma cha ukudla okuhlinzekwa izibungu, okungukuthi, izakhi zofuzo ezifaka ukubonakala kwamaphiko zikhona ku-genome yazo, kepha kuya ngohlobo lokudla ngesikhathi sokukhula , ukukhuluma kwabo kucindezelwe noma kuyasebenza.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hemiptera namabhungane zinamaphiko aguquliwe futhi anamathiselwe unomphela emizimbeni yazo ukuze zingakwazi ukundiza. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, njenge-oda iZygentoma, azinawo amaphiko futhi ziyizinambuzane zangempela. Isibonelo esisodwa amabhu noma i-pieixinho yesiliva (i-Lepisma saccharina).

ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kuneziningana izinhlobo zezinambuzane ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuqamba igama ngalinye. Kodwa-ke, kulesi sigaba, sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngamanye amaqembu angaphansi kakhulu futhi angaziwa:

  • I-Dermaptera: ezaziwa nangokuthi isikele, izinambuzane ezihlala ezindaweni ezimanzi futhi ezinezijobelelo njengesisekelo sokudla ekugcineni kwesisu.
  • I-Zygentoma: yizinambuzane ezibusayo, eziyizicaba futhi ezinde ezibalekela ukukhanya nokoma. Zaziwa ngokuthi "izinambuzane ezinomswakama" futhi phakathi kwazo kukhona izimbungulu zesiliva.
  • IBlattodea: ngamaphela, izinambuzane ezinezimpondo ezinde namaphiko aqinile kancane athuthukiswe kakhulu kwabesilisa. Kokubili kunezengezo ezisekugcineni kwesisu.
  • Ingubo: ama-mantises wokukhuleka ayizilwane eziguqulwe ngokuphelele ukuba zidliwe. Imilenze yayo yangaphambili ikhethekile ekuthumbeni inyamazane futhi inekhono elihle lokulingisa indawo ezungezile.
  • I-Phthiraptera: yizintwala, iqembu elihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-5 000. Zonke izinambuzane zangaphandle ezine-hematophagous.
  • I-Neuropter: kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane ezifana nezintuthwane zebhubesi noma ama-lacewings. Zinamaphiko aluhlaza futhi iningi lazo ziyizilwane ezidlayo.
  • IShipphonaptera: yizimaze ezesabekayo, izimuncagazi zangaphandle ezimunca igazi. Isikhulumi sayo siyi-chopper-sucker futhi imilenze yayo yangemuva yenzelwe kakhulu ukugxuma.
  • I-Trichoptera: leli qembu alaziwa kakhulu, yize lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-7,000. Zinamaphiko anamazinyo futhi imilenze yazo mide kakhulu, efana neyomiyane. Zigqame ngokwakhiwa “kwamabhokisi” ukuvikela izibungu zawo.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo zezinambuzane: amagama nezimpawu, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.