-Delile
- IVespidae Umndeni omncane
- umnyovu webhodwe
- impova
- Iminyovu yasendaweni eshisayo nakwezifudumele
- iminyovu
- Isizukulwane i-Euparagiinae ne-Stenogastrinae
- Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zeminyovu
- ukuthi iminyovu
- umnyovu ophuzi
Iminyovu, igama elidumile le- iminyovu eBrazil, ziyizinambuzane zomndeni wakwaVespidae futhi ziyingxenye yomunye wemiyalo emikhulu yezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi izintuthwane, ama-drones nezinyosi, phakathi kwabanye. Ingabe izilwane eusocial, yize kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezikhetha ukuba wedwa.
Esinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zomnyovu "yisinqe", isifunda esihlukanisa isifuba esiswini. futhi ingahlukaniswa ngokuba nesitofu abangazisebenzisa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene hhayi kanye nje, njengoba kwenzeka endabeni yezinyosi.
Iminyovu yenza izidleke zayo ngodaka noma ngemicu yezitshalo; lezi zingaba semhlabathini, ezihlahleni, kanye nasesilingini nasezindongeni zezindawo zokuhlala abantu; konke lokhu kuya ngohlobo lomnyovu esikhuluma ngawo. Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal uzokwazi okuhlukahlukene izinhlobo zama-hornet. Ukufunda okuhle.
IVespidae Umndeni omncane
Ukuqonda kangcono konke okuhlobene nezinhlobo zeminyovu, kufanele sinikeze imininingwane yokuthi kunemikhakha eyi-6 yeminyovu noma vespidae, ngegama lesayensi, okuyi:
- Eumeninae - yizinkonkoni ezaziwa ngokuthi yiminyovu. Ngohlobo olungaba ngu-200, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningi zeminyovu.
- Euparagiinae - Kungumndeni omncane onohlobo olulodwa lweminyovu, leyo yohlobo euparagia.
- Masarinae - Impova iminyovu. Ngemikhakha emibili, zondla impova kanye nompe esikhundleni sezilwane.
- I-Polystinae - Ziyizinyovu ezishisayo nezishisayo ezinemikhakha emihlanu. Ziyizilwane ezihlala emakoloni.
- I-Stenogastrinae - Umndeni onenani eliyisishiyagalombili lomndeni, obonakala ngokusonga amaphiko alo emhlane njengezinyosi.
- Vespinae - Iminyovu eyusocial noma ehlala emakoloni futhi enezizukulwane ezi-4. Ukuxhumana nabantu kuthuthukiswe kakhulu kunasePolistinae.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona izinhlobo zeminyovu (noma ama-hornet) emndenini I-Vespidae lubanzi futhi luhlukahlukene, nezinhlobo ezihlala emakoloni noma ezihlala zodwa; izinhlobo ezidlayo nezinye eziphila ngokudla impova nompe. Kukhona ngisho nokwehluka ngaphakathi komndeni owodwa, njengaku- Vespinae.
Kulesi esinye isihloko uzobona ukuthi ungazethusa kanjani izinyosi neminyovu.
umnyovu webhodwe
Iminyovu yomndeni omncane Eumeninae noma i-Eumeninos, aziwa ngoba ezinye zezinhlobo ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni omncane zakha izidleke zazo zisebenzisa ubumba ngokuma kwembiza noma imbiza. Isibonelo sebhodwe le-wasp yi- I-Zeta argillaceum, abasebenzisa futhi izimbobo emhlabathini, ukhuni noma izidleke ezishiyiwe. Ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni omncane kunezigaba ezingaba ngu-200 ezihlukile zeminyovu, iningi lazo lihlala lodwa futhi ezinye zinezici zenhlalo ezindala.
Lolu hlobo lomnyovu lungaba mnyama, lube mnyama noma lube nsundu futhi lunamaphethini aqhathanisa umbala ongemuva, njengophuzi noma owolintshi. Ziyizilwane ezingasonga amaphiko azo ngobude, njengeminyovu eminingi. Ziphila ngokudla amacimbi noma izibungu zebhungane. Basebenzisa futhi umpe obanikeza amandla okundiza.
impova
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zeminyovu, lezo zomndeni omncane Masarinae noma ama-masarinos izinambuzane ukuthi bondla kuphela impova nompe ezimbalini. Lokhu kuziphatha kufana kakhulu nezinyosi ngoba kuningi lweminyovu isimilo sokudla siyinhlangano ejwayelekile. Kulo mndeni omncane kukhona isigaba UGayellini futhi Masarini.
Njengomnyovu webhodwe, lezi zinhlobo zomnyovu zinombala omnyama ngamathoni wokukhanya ahlukile angaba bomvu, amhlophe, aphuzi nokuningi. Zinezimpondo ezimise okwe-apula futhi zihlala ezidlekeni zobumba noma emigodini eyenziwe phansi. Zitholakala eSewula Africa, eNyakatho Melika kanye naseNingizimu Melika ezindaweni eziwugwadule.
Iminyovu yasendaweni eshisayo nakwezifudumele
i-polystine noma iminyovu I-Polystinae zingumndeni omncane wama-vespids, lapho singathola khona isizukulwane esingu-5 esihlukile. yizinhlobo UPolystes, uMischocyttauros, Polybia, Brachygastra futhi URopalidia. Yiminyovu ehlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, ngaphezu kokuba nobuhle.
Zinesisu esincanyana, nezimpondo ezigobile uma kuyiziduna. Abesifazane beNdlovukazi bayefana nabasebenzi, into engavamile ngoba ngokuvamile indlovukazi yekoloni inkulu kakhulu. izinhlobo IPolbia futhi I-Brachygastra yiba ne- izici zokukhiqiza uju.
iminyovu
Lezi zimpondo, ezaziwa nangokuthi iminyovu Vespinae, ngumndeni omncane onemikhakha engu-4, esikhuluma ngayo IDolichovespula, iProvepa, iVespa neVespula. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zihlala emakoloni, ezinye zinamagciwane futhi zizalela amaqanda ezidlekeni zezinye izinambuzane.
yiminyovu enayo umqondo othuthuke kakhulu wokuhlangana nabantu ukuthi I-Polystinae. Izidleke zohlobo oluthile lwephepha, olwakhiwe ngocingo oluhlafunwayo, futhi zidla ezihlahleni nangaphansi komhlaba. Singabathola kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Zondla izinambuzane futhi, kwezinye izimo, zidla inyama wezilwane ezifile.
Ezinye izinhlobo zihlasela izidleke zezinye izinhlobo, zibulale indlovukazi yaleli koloni futhi ziphoqa iminyovu yabasebenzi ukuthi inakekele amaphuphu ahlaselayo. Bangakwazi hlasela izidleke bohlobo olufanayo noma izidleke zezinhlobo ezihlobene nazo. Kuhlobo Umnyovu kukhona iminyovu ebizwa ngama-hornet ngokubizwa ngokuthi yi-hornet, njengoba iqine kakhulu kuneminyovu yendabuko.
Isizukulwane i-Euparagiinae ne-Stenogastrinae
Endabeni yomndeni omncane Euparagiinae kweminyovu kukhona uhlobo olulodwa, sibhekisa kuhlobo euparagia. Zibonakala ngokuba nemithambo emaphikweni, inesichibi sesici kwi-mesothorax nasemilenzeni yangaphambili enemilo ehlukile. Bahlala ezifundeni eziwugwadule e-United States naseMexico.
umndeni omncane I-Stenogastrinae, yona inezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili, lapho sithola khona izinhlobo I-Anischnogaster, Cochlischnogaster, Eustenogaster, Liostenogaster, Metischnogaster, Parischnogaster, Stenogaster kanye neParischnogaster. Ziyizinhlobo zeminyovu ebonakala ngokugoqa amaphiko abo ngemuva kwabo futhi bengakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngobude njengakuwo wonke umndeni.
Kulo mndeni omncane kukhona izinhlobo ezihlala emakoloni nezinhlobo ezihlala zodwa, zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia, e-Indochina, e-India nase-Indonesia.
Futhi njengoba sikhuluma ngezinambuzane, ungaba nentshisekelo kule enye indatshana ekhuluma ngezinambuzane ezinobuthi kakhulu eBrazil.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zeminyovu
Phakathi kweminyovu eyaziwa kakhulu eBrazil, singabala umnyovu wamahhashi, obizwa nangokuthi umnyovu wokuzingela, nomnyovu ophuzi. Ake sichaze okuthe xaxa ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo zeminyovu ngezansi:
ukuthi iminyovu
Unyovu noma unyovu wanikezwa amagama ahlukene, futhi kungenzeka wazi, ngokusho kwesifunda saseBrazil, namanje njenge inja-ihhashi, ukuzingela umnyovu nomzingeli wesicabucabu. Izilwane ezibizwa kanjalo ziyingxenye yomndeni wakwaPompilidae, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane zohlobo i-pepsis.
Unyovu wehhashi unezici ezimbili ezikwenza wesabe kakhulu: ubhekwa ngabaningi isinambuzane esinokulunywa okubuhlungu kakhulu emhlabeni. Okunye ukuthi izingela izicabucabu ukuze zibe yizihambi futhi, kamuva, zidle izibungu zazo.
Lolu hlobo lomnyovu, ngokwesilinganiso, lungamasentimitha ama-5, kepha abanye abantu bangafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-11.
umnyovu ophuzi
Njengama-hornet amaningi, iminyovu ephuzi ngesinye isinambuzane esiyingozi ngenxa yokuntinyelwa yiso. Ngaphezu kobuhlungu obuningi, kungadala ukusabela okweqile nokuvuvukala.
Umnyovu ophuzi (I-Vespula yamaJalimane) ihlala ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe yomhlaba, ekhona eYurophu, eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika.
Isisu sayo sinezingqimba eziphuzi nezimnyama kanti izimpondo zaso zimnyama bhuqe. Izidleke ngokuvamile eyenziwe nge-cellulose futhi zibukeka njengamabhola wephepha phansi, kodwa futhi zingakhiwa ophahleni noma ngaphakathi kwezindonga zomgodi. Lolu hlobo lomnyovu lunolaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugwema ukusondela zombili isilwane esidlekeni saso.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo zeminyovu - Izithombe, izibonelo kanye nezici, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.