Izinhlobo zemilomo yezinyoni

Umlobi: Peter Berry
Usuku Lokudalwa: 12 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 16 Unovemba 2024
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-Delile

Izinyoni zinezici eziningana ezizenza zikhange kakhulu ngaphakathi kombuso wezilwane. Enye yazo ubukhona be- umlomo omnyama eyakha ingxenye engaphandle kakhulu yomlomo walezi zilwane. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla, izinyoni azinawo amazinyo kanti uqhwaku lwazo lungezinye zezimo eziningi ezivumela impumelelo yazo enkulu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Ngokulandelanayo, kunezimo ezingenakubalwa umlomo ongazithatha futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho ongakucabanga, lo mlomo awugcini kuphela ezinyonini, njengoba ikhona nakwamanye amaqembu ezilwane (ngayinye inezici zayo), njengezimfudu (Testudines), platypus (Monotremata), octopus, squid kanye cuttlefish (Octopoda). Qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal lapho sizokhuluma khona ngezimpawu kanye izinhlobo zezinyoni.


Izici zemilomo yezinyoni

Izinyoni zinezimo ezihlukile emizimbeni yazo, enye yazo ukwakheka komlomo wazo ngokuya ngokuvela kwazo ngohlobo lokudla ezikulandelayo, kanye nohlelo lwayo lokugaya ukudla. Usayizi, ukuma namandla oqhwaku kuzothinta ngqo ifayili le- ukudla kwezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bomlomo bungahluka kancane, okungahle kube nomthelela ezingeni lokudla.

Uqhwaku lwezinyoni lona, ​​kanye nobude bemilenze nezinye izici zomzimba, luvumela lezi zilwane hlola izindawo nezici ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kokuma kwayo okulungiswe ngokondla, uqhwaku luphinde lusebenzise abesilisa bezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ukuheha abesifazane, njengoba kunjalo ngama-toucan.

Uqhwaku lwakha ukwakheka kwangaphandle komlomo wenyoni futhi, njengezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla, lwakhiwe ngomhlathi ongezansi kanye nomhlathi ongaphezulu, obizwa ngokuthi ama-culmen futhi uhlanganiswe ungqimba olune-horny (embozwe ngekeratini) ebizwa nge-ranphotheca. Lesi sakhiwo yiso esibonakala ngaphandle futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isakhiwo sangaphakathi esisisekelayo ngaphakathi.


Ngaphezu komlomo wezinyoni, ungaba nentshisekelo yokwazi okwengeziwe ngezici zalezi zilwane ezikulesi sihloko esinezimpawu zezinyoni.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zemilomo yezinyoni?

Imilomo yehluka kakhulu ngesimo futhi, ngakho-ke, sithola ubujamo obuhlukile ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni. Ngezansi ezinye zazo:

  • Igobile futhi ixhunyiwe (ejwayelekile ezinyonini ezidla inyama)
  • omise umkhonto (ejwayelekile kwezinye izinyoni zasemanzini zokudoba)
  • inde futhi mncane (phakathi kwezinyoni ezinemilomo emide kukhona ama-waders noma izinambuzane)
  • ukujiya nokufushane (ekhona ezinyoni ezinkulu)

Ngaphakathi kwalezi zigaba singathola izinyoni jikelele ezisebenziseka kakhulu ekutholeni ukudla futhi omlomo wazo ungenaso isimo esithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinyoni ezikhethekile zinokudla okukhethekile, kanye nokumila kwemilomo yazo, okungaba nesakhiwo esikhethekile kakhulu. Lokhu kunjalo ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-hummingbirds.


Ku- izinyoni ezikhethekile, singathola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimo. Okulandelayo, sizokhuluma ngamaqembu amakhulu.

Imilomo yezinyoni ezihlabayo (noma ezidla imbewu)

Izinyoni ezinomusa zinomlomo omkhulu mfushane kepha inamandla, lokho kubavumela ukuthi bavule imbewu ngezingubo ezilukhuni, kanjalo nezinyoni zikhethekile kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo, njengondlunkulu (umgibeli wasekhaya), ngokwesibonelo, unethiphu emfushane, ethintiwe evumela lokho bamba uphule imbewu, injongo iyifeza ngoba, ngaphezu kwalokho, amathiphu omlomo wayo abukhali.

Ezinye izinyoni ezinamandla zinemilomo ngokukhethekile okwedlulele, njengoqhwaku lwesiphambano (I-Curvirostra loxia), njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, elinayo i-mandible nomhlathi kuhlangene. Leli fomu lingenxa yokudla kwalo okukhethekile, ngoba lidla izigaxa (noma izithelo) zama-conifers, lapho likhipha khona imbewu ngenxa yomlomo wayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwesibonelo, emndenini wakwaFringillidae kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-granivorous ezinemilomo ngamandla futhi obukhulu, njenge-goldfinch ejwayelekile (carduelis cardueliskanye ne-palilla-de-laysan (AmaCantans telespiza), omlomo wakhe uqine kakhulu futhi uqine, futhi imihlathi yawo iwele kancane.

Futhi uma ukhuluma ngoqhwaku lwenyoni, kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal uthola ezinye zezinyoni ezisengcupheni yokushabalala.

izinyoni ezidla inyama

Izinyoni ezidla inyama zidla ezinye izinyoni nezinye izilwane noma izidumbu, zine imilebe ekhonjiwe nomhlathi unqanyulwe ngehhuku, ngoba lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuklebhula inyama yezisulu zabo futhi futhi kubavimbele ukuba babaleke lapho bebanjwa. Lokhu kunjalo ngezinyoni ezidla inyama emini nasebusuku (izinkozi, okhetshe, izikhova, njll.).

Bangaba nakho imilomo emide futhi eqinile, njengezinyoni ezithile zasemanzini ezinemilomo ebanzi futhi emikhulu kakhulu ukubamba inqwaba yezinhlanzi, njenge-pelican (UPelecanus onocrotalus) noma uzwane-in (I-Balaeniceps rex), enomlomo omkhulu ophela ngehhuku elibukhali futhi elingabamba ngalo ezinye izinyoni, njengamadada.

Amanqe futhi anemilomo eshintshelwe ukudwengula inyama, yize ingabakhwabanisi, futhi ngenxa ye imiphetho ebukhali nebukhali, ukuphatha ukuvula amazinyo abo.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zemilomo yezinyoni eziqhakambisayo ebuhleni bezilwane ngobuhle bazo futhi nazo eziguquguqukayo ukuze zidle inyamazane yezilwane ngumlomo wama-toucans. Lezi zinyoni zihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezithelo (nazo eziyingxenye yokudla kwazo), kepha zingabamba inzalo yezinye izinyoni noma ama-vertebrate amancane amathiphu anamandla amakhulu.

imilomo yezinyoni engabizi

Izinyoni ezidla kanzima ziye Imibhobho emifushane futhi egobile, kepha ngamaphuzu abukhali avumela ukuthi bavule izithelo. Kwesinye isikhathi zibuye zondle nembewu. Isibonelo, ama-parrot amaningi, ama-macaw kanye nama-parakeet (oda i-Psittaciformes) anemilomo eqinile kakhulu ephela ngamaphoyinti acijile, angavula ngawo izithelo ezinkulu ezinamanzi futhi akhiphe izingxenye zembewu ezidliwayo.

Njengoba kushiwo, ama-toucans (i-Piciformes oda), nenkulu yawo amathiphu afakiwe belingisa amazinyo, bangadla izithelo zosayizi omkhulu nezikhumba ezijiyile.

Ezinye izinhlobo zosayizi omncane, njengezinyoni ezimnyama (uhlobo i-turdus), izimpi (sylvia) noma amanye ama-turkeys asendle (I-Crax fasciolate, ngokwesibonelo) babe imibhobho emifushane futhi emincane ngemiphetho nayo "enamazinyo" avumela ukuthi badle izithelo.

Imilomo yezinyoni engathandeki

Imilomo yezinyoni ezidla izinambuzane ibonakala ngokuba yiyo mncane futhi umude. Kunokuhlukahluka okuthile kulesi sigaba, isibonelo, ama-woodpeckers (oda i-Piciformes). Bane- umlomo ocijile nonamandla kakhulu elifana netshizili, abasika ngalo amagxolo ezihlahla befuna izinambuzane ezihlala ngaphakathi kuzo. Lezi zinyoni zibuye zibe nogebhezi olulungiswe ngokuphelele ukuthatha amagalelo anzima.

Ezinye izinhlobo zizingela izinambuzane ezindizayo kanti imilomo yazo mncane futhi ugobile ngandlela thile, njengomuntu odla izinyosi (I-Merops apiaster), noma okuncane nokuqonde kancane, Njenge-thrush (erithacus rubeculanoma i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (AmaCyanistes caeruleus). Abanye banemilomo eminingi iyisicaba, imfishane futhi ibanzi, njengama-swifts (oda ama-Apodiformes) kanye nezinkonjane (Passeriformes), ezingabazingeli basemoyeni.

imilomo yolwandle

Izinyoni zasogwini ngokuvamile zihlala emanzini noma zihlala eduze kwamanzi, njengoba zithola ukudla kwazo ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. unayo imibhobho emide, emincane futhi eguquguqukayo kakhulu, ezibavumela ukuthi bacwilise ichopho lombhobho emanzini noma esihlabathini futhi funa ukudla (ama-molluscs amancane, izibungu, njll.) ashiya amehlo ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugcwala ikhanda lonke, njengoba kwenza i-calidris, i-snipe ne-phalaropes (i-Scolopacidae).

Eminye imibhobho eshintshelwe lo msebenzi yilena yinde futhi iyisicaba, njenge-spoonbill (ipulatifomu i-ajaja), edabula emanzini angajulile efuna ukudla.

Imilomo yezinyoni emnandi

Uqhwaku lwezinyoni ezimuncu luhlelelwe kuphela ncela umpe ezimbalini. Imilomo yezinyoni ezimuncu mncane kakhulu futhi iyavuleka, ku isimo sebhubhu. Ezinye izinhlobo zithatha lokhu kujwayela ngokweqile ngoba zinakho imibhobho emide ngokweqile evumela ukufinyelela ezimbalini ezinye izinhlobo ezingakwazi. Isibonelo esihle sezinyoni ezinemilomo emide yi-hummingbird (ensifera ensifera), omlomo wayo mude ngokwedlulele futhi ugobile ubheke phezulu.

Izinkukhu Beaks

I-Filter bird yizinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezigcwele amanzi futhi omlomo wazo ungaba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Banokuzivumelanisa okuthile okubavumelayo hlunga ukudla emanzini futhi, ngokuvamile, zinemilomo ububanzi futhi ugobile phansi. Isibonelo, ama-flamingos (oda ama-Phoenicopteriformes) aguqulelwe kakhulu kule ndima. Uqhwaku lwawo alulinganiswanga, njengoba umhlathi ongaphezulu mncane kunowaphansi futhi yiwo onokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igobile kancane futhi ine-lamellae lapho ukudla okukuhlunga kugcinwa khona.

Abanye abondli bokuhlunga, njengamadada (oda ama-Anseriformes), bane- imibhobho ebanzi futhi ethambile nazo ezinezindwangu zokumboza ukudla emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni zingadla nezinhlanzi, ngakho-ke imilomo yazo ifakwe "amazinyo" amancane azivumela ukuthi zizibambe lapho zidoba.

Manje njengoba senikhulume ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemilomo yezinyoni futhi nibonile ukuthi uqhwaku lwenyoni alufani, ungaba nentshisekelo ku-athikili yezinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza - izici nezibonelo eziyi-10.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo zemilomo yezinyoni, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.