Izinhlobo Zopholi - Izici, Amagama nezithombe

Umlobi: Peter Berry
Usuku Lokudalwa: 14 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 14 Unovemba 2024
Anonim
Izinhlobo zemisho yesiZulu nezibonelo
Ividiyo: Izinhlobo zemisho yesiZulu nezibonelo

-Delile

Opholi yizinyoni ukuthi kungokuka-oda le-Psittaciformes, eyakhiwe izinhlobo eziphilayo ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, lapho kunokuhlukahluka okukhulu khona. Bamele iqembu elinezici ezibahlukanisa kahle kakhulu nezinye izinyoni, ezinjengoqhwaku lwazo oluqinile, olunamandla nolugobile olubavumela ukuthi badle izithelo nezinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene, kanye nemilenze yabo ye-prehensile ne-zygodactile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bafaka izimpaphe ezinemiklamo ehlukahlukene, ngaphezu kokuba nosayizi abahlukahlukene. Ziphakathi kwezilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izwi lomuntu, esinye isici esizenza zibe yizinyoni ezihlukile.


Qhubeka ufunde le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal futhi sizokhuluma ngayo izinhlobo zopholi, izici namagama abo.

Izici Zopholi

Lezi zinyoni zakha i-oda nge izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-370 ezihlala ezifundeni ezishisayo nakwezindawo ezishisayo zeplanethi futhi zihlukaniswe zaba yimikhakha emikhulu emithathu (iStrigopidea, iPsittacoidea neCacatuoidea) ezihlukile ngezici ezinjengosayizi, umbala wezimpaphe nokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo. Zinezici ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene, njengoba sizobona ngezansi:

  • izidladla: banemilenze ye-zygodactile, okungukuthi, ngeminwe emibili ngaphambili nangemuva emibili nayo eyi-prehensile futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukudla kwabo. Zifushane kepha zinamandla futhi ngazo zingabamba amagatsha ezihlahla ngokuqinile.
  • imibhobho: Imilomo yawo iqinile, iminyene futhi iphela ngehhuku elibiziwe, isici esibahlukanisa nezinye izinyoni, kanye nolimi lwabo lwemisipha olwenza njengesiponji lapho ludla impova, ngokwesibonelo, noma njengomunwe lapho bafuna ukukhipha ingxenye yegxolo esihlahleni. Banengxoxo lapho begcina khona ukudla kancane bese bephindisela imidlwane noma abalingani babo.
  • ukudla: ihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi imvamisa iqukethe izithelo nembewu, yize ezinye izinhlobo zingangezela ekudleni kwazo ngempova nangempe kanti ezinye nazo zidla izidumbu nezidalwa ezinomgogodla ezincane.
  • Izindawo zokuhlala: kuhlala kusuka ezingwadule ezisogwini, amahlathi omile namahlathi anomswakama kuya ezindaweni ezingadalelwanga, njengezihlahla namasimu. Kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezijwayele ukuguquguquka kalula endaweni ezikuyo kanye nezinye eziyizingcweti eziningi ezidinga izindawo eziqonde ngqo ukuze zithuthuke ngempumelelo, isici esibenza babe sengozini kakhulu futhi okusongelwa izinhlobo eziningi zazo.
  • Ukuziphatha: izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zopholi ziyizinyoni ezinobungane, okungukuthi, zingokwenhlalo futhi zakha amaqembu amakhulu kakhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zakha amaqembu ezinkulungwane zabantu. Izinhlobo eziningi zakha imibhangqwana impilo yonke, ngakho-ke zingamfazi munye futhi zakha izidleke emigodini yezihlahla noma iziduli zomuhlwa ezishiyiwe, ngaphandle kweNew Zealand Kakapo (Ama-Strigops habroptilus), okuwukuphela kopholi ongandizi futhi wakhe izidleke phansi, kanye ne-Monk Parakeet yase-Argentina (umabhebhanamonachus) ezakha izidleke ezinkulu, zomphakathi zisebenzisa amagatsha. Baziwa ngokuba ngelinye lamaqembu ahlakaniphe kakhulu ezinyoni nangamandla abo okufunda amagama nemisho ebanzi.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwentela kopholi

I-oda le-Psittaciformes lihlukaniswe laba yimikhakha emikhulu emithathu nayo enezigaba zayo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zopholi bahlukaniswa baba yimindeni emikhulu elandelayo:


  • I-Strigopidea: kufaka phakathi amapholi aseNew Zealand.
  • Cockatoo: kufaka ama-cockatoo.
  • umagazine: kufaka phakathi ama-parrot athandwa kakhulu namanye ama-parrot.

Umndeni omkhulu we-Strigopidea

Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela zalo mndeni omkhulu: kakapo (Ama-Strigops haroptitus), kea (Nestor notabilis), kaka waseSouth Island (I-Nestor meridionalis meridionalis) kanye ne-North Island kaka (I-Nestor meridionalis spetentrionalis).

Umndeni omkhulu we-Strigopidea ihlukaniswe imindeni emibili, okubandakanya izinhlobo zopholi abashiwo:

  • IStrigopidae: nohlobo lweStrigops.
  • INestoridae: nohlobo lweNestor.

Umndeni omkhulu weCacatuidae

Njengoba sishilo, lo mndeni wakhiwa ama-cockatoo, ngakho-ke ufaka kuphela i- Umndeni wakwaCockatoo, enemindeni emithathu:


  • Nymphicinae: nohlobo lweNymphicus.
  • I-Calyptorhynchinae: nohlobo lweCalyptorhynchus.
  • ICacatuinae: nomkhakha we-Probosciger, u-Eolophus, uLophochroa, uCallocephalon noCacatua.

Sithole izinhlobo ezinjenge-white cockatoo (i-cockatoo emhlophe), i-cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) noma i-cockatoo emnyama enomsila obomvu (I-Calyptorhynchus banksii).

Umndeni wakwaPsittacoid

Ibanzi kunayo yonke, njengoba ifaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-360 zopholi. Ihlukaniswe imindeni emithathu, ngamunye unemikhakha ehlukene kanye nomkhakha wawo:

  • umabhebhana: kufaka phakathi imikhaya umabhebhana (ngohlobo lwePsittacus noPoicephalus) kanye mthokozisi , , Deroptyus, Hapalopsittaca, Touit, Brotogeris, Bolborhynchus, Myiopsitta, Psilopsiagon kanye neNannopsittaca).
  • umagazine: kufaka phakathi imikhaya umagazine (nohlobo lwePsittrichas) kanye Coracopseinae (nohlobo lweCoracopsis).
  • umabhebhana: kufaka nemikhaya engaphansi I-Platycercine (noGeneral Barnardius, Platycercus, Psephotus, Purpureicephalus, Northiella, Lathamus, Prosopeia, Eunymphicus, Cyanoramphus, Pezoporus, Neopsephotus neNeophema), Psittacellinae (nohlobo lwePsittacella), Loriinae . Agapornithinae (nge-genera Bolbopsittacus, Loriculus ne-Agapornis) kanye umagazine (no-genera Alisterus, Aprosmictus, Polytelis, Eclectus, Geoffroyus, Tanygnathus, Psittinus, Psittacula, Prioniturus noMicropsitta).

Kulo mndeni sithola opholi abajwayelekile, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo ezifana ne-Bourke parakeet (I-Neopsephotus bourkii), ubuso obungenakwehlukaniswa-bobumpunga (ikhandlela lezinyoni zothando) noma i-lorikeet yomphimbo obomvu (Charmosyna amabilis).

Izinhlobo zopholi nazo zingahlungwa ngosayizi, njengoba sizobona ezigabeni ezilandelayo.

Izinhlobo zopholi abancane

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zopholi abancane, ngakho-ke ngezansi kukhethwe izinhlobo ezimele kakhulu noma ezidumile.

UPholi Wombungu (Micropsitta pusio)

Lezi zinhlobo zingezomndeni omkhulu iPsittacoidea (umndeni iPsittaculidae kanye nomndeni omncane iPsittaculinae). 8 kuya ku-11 cm ubude, yizinhlobo ezincane zikapholi ezikhona. Kungumhlobo omncane kakhulu ofundwe, kepha ungowokudabuka eNew Guinea, uhlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi aswakeme futhi wakha amaqembu amancane abantu ababalelwa kwabayisithupha.

I-Tuim enamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (I-Forpus xanthopterygius)

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-parakeet enamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lolu hlobo lutholakala ngaphakathi kwe-superfamily Psittacoidea (umndeni iPsittacidae kanye nomndeni omncane u-Arinae), ulinganisa nxazonke 13 cm ubude, ungowokuzalwa eNingizimu Melika futhi uhlala ezindaweni zemvelo ezivuleleke emapaki wedolobha. Ithula nge-dimorphism yezocansi (isici esingajwayelekile ngaphakathi kwe-oda le-Psittaciformes), lapho owesilisa enezimpaphe zokundiza eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nowesifazane oluhlaza ngokuphelele. Kuvamile kakhulu ukubabona ngababili.

I-parakeet yase-Australia (I-Melopsittacus undulatus)

Waziwa ngo I-parakeet yase-Australia, itholakala ngaphakathi komndeni omkhulu i-Psittacoidea (umndeni iPsittaculidae, umndeni omncane uLoriinae), iyinhlobo yomdabu yase-Australia futhi ibuye ibe khona lapho, yize yethulwe kwamanye amazwe amaningi. Izinyathelo mayelana 18 cm ubude futhi ihlala ezindaweni ezomile noma ezingenamanzi kakhulu ehlathini noma ezihlahleni. Kulezi zinhlobo kune-dimorphism yezocansi kanti insikazi ingahlukaniswa kowesilisa ngomkhonto womlomo (inyama ezinye izinyoni ezinayo phansi komlomo), njengoba abesifazane bezinsundu ngombala, kanti owesilisa uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala.

I-parakeet yase-Australia ingenye yezinhlobo zopholi basekhaya abathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, uhlamvu nobuhle bayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi zonke izinyoni ezihlala ekuthunjweni kumele zijabulele amahora okundiza, ngakho-ke, akukhuthazwa ukuzivalela emakheji amahora angama-24 ngosuku.

Izinhlobo zopholi abaphakathi

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-370 zopholi, siphinde sithole izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo. Ezinye zezinto ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi:

I-steak yase-Argentina (i-myiopsitta monachus)

Izinhlobo zikapholi ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi, ezilinganisa cishe 30 cm ubude. It kungokwalabo superfamily Psittacoidea (umndeni Psittacidae futhi subfamily Arinae). Ihlala eNingizimu Melika, kusukela eBolivia kuya e-Argentina, kepha-ke, yetfulwa kulamanye emave eMelika nakwamanye emave, lokwenta kutsi iphendvuke ibe yisilokazane, njengoba inemjikeleto lomfisha kakhulu wekutala futsi ibeka emacandza lamanyenti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinhlobo yokuhlangana kakhulu enezidleke zomphakathi ezabiwe imibhangqwana eminingana.

I-Filipino Cockatoo (I-Cockatoo haematuropygia)

Le nyoni ivame kakhulu ePhilippines futhi ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi zomhlume. Itholakala ngaphakathi komndeni omkhulu weCacatuoidea (umndeni weCacatuidae kanye nomndeni omncane weCacatuinae). Ifinyelela cishe 35 cm ubude futhi izimpaphe zayo ezimhlophe azinakuphikwa endaweni ephinki eyethula ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zomsila kanye nezimpaphe eziphuzi noma ezibomvana zekhanda layo. Lolu hlobo lusengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho.

Hlangana nezilwane ezinengozi enkulu yokuqothulwa eBrazil kulesi sihloko.

ILory-collared Lory (ULorius chlorocercus)

Uhlobo olufakiwe emndenini omkhulu iPsittacoidea (umndeni iPsittaculidae, umndeni omncane uLoriinae). I-lory-collared lory iyinhlobo edabuka eSolomon Islands ehlala emahlathini omanzi nasezindaweni eziphakeme. Ngiphe phakathi kuka-28 no-30 cm ubude futhi inezimpaphe ezimibalabala ezigqame ngokukhombisa okubomvu, okuluhlaza nokuphuzi, nokuba nehood emnyama ekhanda. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezingafundwa kakhulu, kepha kucatshangwa ukuthi i-biology yayo ifana nayo yonke iPsittaciformes.

Izinhlobo zopholi abakhulu

Sivale izinhlobo zopholi abahlelwe ngosayizi ngobukhulu kunabo bonke. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu yilezi:

IHyacinth Macaw noma iHyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)

Ngeyomndeni omkhulu iPsittacoidea (umndeni iPsittacidae, umndeni omncane u-Arinae), ungowokuzalwa eBrazil, eBolivia naseParaguay, futhi uyinhlobo yopholi abakhulu abahlala emahlathini nasemahlathini. Ingathola ukukala ngaphezu kwemitha ubude, ngokuba uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-macaw. Yinhlobo ehlaba umxhwele hhayi nje ubukhulu bayo nomsila wayo onezimpaphe ezinde kakhulu, kodwa futhi nombala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onemininingwane ephuzi ezungeze amehlo nomlomo. Ihlukaniswa njenge "Sengozini" ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yayo kanye nokuhweba okungekho emthethweni, ngaphezu kokuba uhlobo olungumjikelezo wayo wezinto eziphilayo omude kakhulu, njengoba ifinyelela eminyakeni yokuzala eminyakeni engu-7.

Kokubili ngenxa yobuhle bayo nobuhlakani bayo, i-hyacinth macaw ingenye yezinhlobo zopholi basekhaya abathandwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lolu luhlobo olusengozini, ngakho-ke kufanele luhlale ngokukhululeka.

I-Araracanga (macao)

Uhlobo lwe-superfamily Psittacoidea (umndeni iPsittacidae, umndeni omncane u-Arinae), lufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-90 cm ubude kufaka phakathi umsila wayo, onezimpaphe ezinde, nokuwenza ube ngopholi abakhulu kunabo bonke abakhona. Ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, emahlathini, ezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphansi ezisuka eMexico ziye eBrazil. Kujwayelekile ukubona imihlambi yabantu abangaphezu kwama-30 abagqama ngezimpaphe zabo ezibomvu ezinamaphiko anezimpawu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi.

I-macaw eluhlaza (ara wezempi)

Le macaw incane kancane kunezinye, futhi ifakwe kwi-superfamily Psittacoidea (umndeni iPsittacidae, umndeni omncane u-Arinae), futhi othinta cishe 70 cm ubude. Luhlobo olusuka eMexico luye e-Argentina futhi luhlala emahlathini esimweni esihle sokongiwa kwemvelo, yingakho lusetshenziswa njengesibonisi sempilo nezinga lezindawo elihlala kulo, njengoba livame ukunyamalala ezindaweni eziwohlokile. Ihlukaniswa njenge “Sengozini” ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yayo. Izimpaphe zalo ziluhlaza emzimbeni, zinemininingwane ebomvu esiphongweni.

Izinhlobo zopholi abakhulumayo

Emhlabeni wezinyoni, kunama-oda amaningi nezinhlobo ezinekhono lokulingisa izwi lomuntu futhi zifunde, zibambe ngekhanda futhi ziphindaphinde amagama nemisho ebanzi. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kunezinhlobo eziningi zopholi abanobuhlakani obuphawulekile futhi abakwaziyo ukuxhumana nabantu, njengoba bekwazi nokufunda amabinzana futhi bawahlobanise nencazelo. Sizobheka ezinye zezinhlobo zopholi abakhuluma ngazo ngokulandelayo.

I-Congo noma i-Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Uhlobo lwe-superfamily Psittacoidea (umndeni iPsittacidae, umndeni omncane uPsittacinae), odabuka e-Afrika ohlala emahlathini emvula nasezihlanzeni ezinomswakama. Inobude obucishe bube phakathi kuka-30 no-40 cm ubude futhi ishaya kakhulu ngezimpaphe zayo ezimpunga ezinezimpaphe ezibomvu zomsila. Luhlobo oluzwela kakhulu emvelweni yalo futhi, ngokuncomeka, luhlobo lukapholi okhulumayo. ine ikhono elikhulu lokufunda amagama futhi ukubamba ngekhanda, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobuhlakani obufana nobengane encane.

Ngokuqondile ngenxa yekhono layo lokukhalipha nekhono lokufunda, upholi wase-congo ungenye yezinhlobo zopholi abathandwayo emhlabeni. Futhi, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokushiya lezi zilwane mahhala ukuze zikwazi ukundiza nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ngokunjalo, sikukhuthaza ukuthi ucabange ngobunikazi bezinyoni ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwamukelwa ngenxa yazo zonke izici esizishilo ngenhla.

Upholi obheke phambili oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma upholi wangempela (ama-Amazon)

Umdabu waseNingizimu Melika, lolu hlobo lwopholi lungelomndeni omkhulu we-Psittacoidea (umndeni iPsittacidae, umndeni omncane u-Arinae), uhlala ezindaweni zehlathi kanye namahlathi, kufaka phakathi izindawo ezisezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni nezindawo zokutshala ezivela eBolivia kuya e-Argentina. Ingabe uhlobo lwempilo ende kakhulu, enamarekhodi abantu abafinyelela eminyakeni engama-90 ubudala. Inosayizi ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-35 kanye nempaphe ephawulekayo ebunzini enezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Idume kakhulu ngenxa yekhono layo lokukhiqiza izwi lomuntu futhi ingafunda inani eliphakeme lamagama nemisho emide.

I-Ecletus Parrot (Eclectus roratus)

Uhlobo olusatshalaliswa eSolomon Islands, e-Indonesia, eNew Guinea nase-Australia, lapho kuhlala khona amahlathi aluhlaza namahlathi nezindawo ezinezintaba. Ifakiwe emndenini omkhulu iPsittacoidea (umndeni iPsittaculidae, umndeni omncane uPsittaculinae). Izinyathelo eziphakathi kuka-30 no-40 cm futhi zine- i-dimorphism yezocansi emakwe kakhulu, njengoba owesilisa nowesifazane behluka ngokuthi owokugcina unomzimba obomvu onemininingwane ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomlomo omnyama, kanti owesilisa uluhlaza futhi umlomo wawo uphuzi. Lapho bethola lolu hlobo, kwabenza bacabanga ukuthi kwakuyizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene. Le nhlobo, njengalezo ezedlule, nayo iyakwazi ukukhiqiza izwi lomuntu, yize idinga isikhathi esithe xaxa sokufunda.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo Zopholi - Izici, Amagama nezithombe, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.