Hlunga izilwane: izici nezibonelo

-Delile

• Yiziphi izilwane zokuhlunga
• Badla ini abaphakela ukuhlunga?
• Izinhlobo zezilwane zokuhlunga
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisa ukuhlunga
• Izibonelo zezinyoni zokuhlunga
• Izibonelo zezinhlanzi zokuhlunga
• Izibonelo zokuhlunga ama-invertebrate

Zonke izinto eziphilayo zidinga amandla okwenza izinqubo zazo ezibalulekile, futhi zitholakala kwizakhamzimba ezizidlayo. Ukwehlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezikhona kunezici ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo okukhona indlela abazondla ngayo, ukuze iqembu ngalinye lithole futhi licubungule ukudla ngendlela ethile. Leli fomu lixhunyaniswe nezimo zabo zokwakheka nezomzimba, kepha futhi lihlobene nendawo abahlala kuyo.

Kungakho kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal sizokhuluma ngayo lemifanekiso yezilwane: izici nesibonelo. Uzothola ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlukanisa ukudla kwazo nendawo enamanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo ezikhethekile zale nhloso. Ukufunda okuhle!

Yiziphi izilwane zokuhlunga

Hlunga izilwane zithola leli gama ngendlela yazo ehlukile yokondla. Ukuhlunga ukuhlunga ngokuvamile kwenziwa ezindaweni ezinamanzi futhi kuqukethe ukuthumba ukudla (okungaba ngesitshalo noma imvelaphi yezilwane) bese lahla amanzi ukuze ukwazi ukumunca isisulu kuphela.

Badla ini abaphakela ukuhlunga?

Ukudla kwabahlinzeki bokuhlunga kungahluka kakhulu futhi, kwezinye izimo, kucaciswe kakhulu, futhi kungahle kwenziwe nge:

• IPlankton.
• Ezinye izilwane.
• Izimila.
• Ulwelwe.
• Amagciwane.
• Izinto eziphilayo zihlala.

Izinhlobo zezilwane zokuhlunga

Hlunga izilwane zingondla ngezindlela eziningana:

• izilwane ezisebenzayo: ezinye izinto zokuhlunga zihlala zisebenza endaweni enamanzi, zifuna njalo ukondliwa.
• izilwane ezi-sessile: singathola futhi izinhlobo ze-sessile ezincike emisakazweni yamanzi edlula emizimbeni yazo ukuze ibambe ukudla kwayo.
• Izilwane ezimunca amanzi: kwezinye izimo, lapho imisinga ingahambisi khona le nqubo, izilwane zimunca amanzi kanye nakho ukudla, ukuze kugcinwe yisilwane.

Lezi zinhlobo zikhona ngamaqembu amaningana, kusuka ezinyonini nasezilwaneni ezincelisayo kuya ezinhlobonhlobo ze izilwane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini. Badlala indima ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwamanethiwekhi e-trophic ezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangadlala indima ebalulekile ku- ukucaciswa kwamanzi nokuhlanzwa, njengoba kunjalo ngama-oysters. Ake sazi ngokuningiliziwe ezinye izibonelo zezilwane zokuhlunga ngezansi.

Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisa ukuhlunga

Ngaphakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo zokuhlunga, sithola ama-mysticites, angama- imikhomo, iqembu lapho sathola khona isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Lezi zilwane azinawo amazinyo futhi kunalokho zinazo izindwani nezimo yenziwe nge-keratin, ebizwa nangokuthi amaphiko futhi itholakala emihlathini engenhla. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubhukuda, umkhomo ugcina umlomo uvulekile ukuze kungene amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngosizo lolimi, iyawaxosha amanzi, kuthi amabamba abo osayizi abenele agcinwe kuma-barb futhi afakwe.

Leli qembu lezilwane liyadla inhlanzi, i-krill noma i-zooplankton, ngoba bayizilwane ezidla inyama, kepha noma yikuphi ukudla, kufanele kube khona ngobuningi babo ukuze babe nentshisekelo yokukubamba. Imikhomo ingondla ekujuleni okuhlukile, kokubili olwandle nangaphezulu.

Ezinye izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisa ukuhlunga yilezi:

• Umkhomo Wangezansi Kwesokudla (U-Eubalaena Australis).
• Umkhomo Oluluhlaza (I-Balaenoptera musculus).
• umkhomo ompunga (U-Eschrichtius robustus).
• i-pygmy whale yangakwesokudla (ICaperea marginata).
• Umkhomo ngiyamazi (I-Balaenoptera borealis).

Izibonelo zezinyoni zokuhlunga

Phakathi kwezinyoni, sithola ezinye ezondla ngokuhlunga. Ngokuqondile, bangabantu abahlala isikhathi esiningi emizimbeni yamanzi, futhi abanye babo bangaba abagibeli abahle kakhulu. Bangaba:

• Izinkukhu zihlunga kuphela: njengoba kunjalo ngama-flamingo.
• Izinyoni ezinokudla okuxubile: abanye bangahlanganisa le ndlela yokondla namanye amasu wokuzivumelanisa nezimo, njengamadada, anezakhiwo zokuhlunga, kepha futhi anohlobo "lwamazinyo" amancane ngaphakathi kwemilomo yawo, angabamba ngawo inyamazane ngqo.

Phakathi kokudla okuhlungwa yilezi zinyoni, singathola imfanzi, ama-molluscs, izibungu, izinhlanzi, ulwelwe kanye ne-protozoa. Kwezinye izimo, zingangena amanani amancane odaka ukudla amabhaktheriya athile akhona kule nhlabathi.

Izibonelo zezinhlanzi zokuhlunga

Eqenjini lezinhlanzi kukhona nezinhlobo eziningana ezingabahlungi bokuhlunga, futhi ukudla kwabo kungaqukatha ama-plankton, ama-crustaceans amancane, ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane futhi, kwezinye izimo, ulwelwe. Phakathi kwenhlanzi yokuhlunga, sithola, isibonelo:

• Whale shark (i-rhincodon typus).
• indlovu ushaka (i-cetorhinus maximus).
• Ushaka omkhulu (I-Megachasma pelagios).
• abesilisa (I-Brevoortia tyrannus).

Ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane zivumela amanzi angene emlonyeni bese adlulela emigodini, lapho kukhona khona izakhiwo ezinamaphiko okugcina ukudla. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwamanzi, baqala ukudla ukudla.

Izibonelo zokuhlunga ama-invertebrate

Ezingxenyeni ezingenamgogodla, sithola ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kakhulu kwezilwane ezondla izihlungi, futhi njengasesimweni sezilwane ezincancisa ukuhlunga, zingamanzi kuphela. Ake sibheke izibonelo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlunga izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla:

• bivalve molluscs: ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu sithola izimbaza, izimbaza nama-scallops. Endabeni yama-oysters, amunca amanzi ngokuhamba kwezinkophe zawo, futhi ukudla kubhajwe entweni eshelelayo abanayo emihlathini yabo. Ama-oysters ahlunga ukungcola okuhlukahlukene okufika emanzini, ukuwacubungula ngendlela yokuthi angabe esaba yingozi. Izimbaza zona, zondla i-phytoplankton nezinto ezilengisiwe, futhi zisebenzisa i-cilia ukwenza uketshezi lwasolwandle lungene emizimbeni yabo.
• izipanji: ama-porifers nawo ahlunga ama-invertebrate anesistimu yomzimba ehleleke kahle kakhulu kule nqubo, enamagumbi amaningi ane-flagella agcina izinhlayiya ze-organic, amabhaktheriya, i-protozoa kanye ne-plankton ngokujwayelekile, ukondla. Leli qembu futhi liyakwazi ukugcina ukungcola okukhona emanzini.
• AmaCrustaceans: Amalungu amabili aleli qembu amele ama-filter feeder kahle ama-krill nama-mysids, womabili avela ezindaweni zasolwandle. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, busebenza kahle ekwenzeni inqubo yokuhlunga nokuqoqa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe noma i-phytoplankton, abazondla ngazo. Ukuhlunga kwenzeka ngezakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuthi "obhasikidi bokudla", lapho ukudla kugcinelwa ukusetshenziswa kamuva.

Hlunga izilwane zine- indima ebalulekile yemvelo ngaphakathi kwemvelo yasemanzini, njenge vuselela amanzi ngenqubo yayo yokuhlunga, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe amanani ezinhlayiya emisiwe kulesi sitebela esiphakathi. Ngale ndlela, ubukhona bakho bubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zikhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sishilo, zinokubaluleka okukhulu ochungechungeni lokudla kwasolwandle, njengoba zakha elinye lamazinga okuqala alezi webhu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Hlunga izilwane: izici nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu sokudla okunokulinganisela.