Izici zezilwane ezincelisayo: incazelo kanye nezibonelo

-Delile

• Yini izilwane ezincelisayo?
• Izici eziyi-11 zezilwane ezincelisayo
• Izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo ze-monotremes
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo

Izilwane ezincelisayo ziyiqembu lezilwane elifundwa kakhulu, yingakho zingama-vertebrate aziwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yiqembu abantu abafakiwe kulo, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka bezama ukwazana, izinhlobo zethu zacwaninga ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.

Kule ndatshana yezilwane zePerito, sizochaza ngencazelo yezilwane ezincelisayo, ebanzi kakhulu kunalokho esikwaziyo ngokujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizochaza i- izici ezincelisayo nezibonelo ezithile ezaziwayo kanti ezinye azivamile kangako.

Yini izilwane ezincelisayo?

Izilwane ezincelisayo ziyiqembu elikhulu le- izilwane ezinomgogodla ngokushisa komzimba okungaguquguquki, okuhlukaniswe esigabeni seMammalia. Ngokuvamile, izilwane ezincelisayo zichazwa njengezilwane ezinoboya nezindlala ezincelisayo, ezizala amaphuphu azo. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezincelisayo ziyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ezinezici ezichaza kakhulu kunalezo ezishiwo ngenhla.

Zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zehla ukhokho oyedwa ojwayelekile eyavela ekupheleni kwe-Triassic, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 edlule. Ngokuqondile, izilwane ezincelisayo zehla sama-ynapsid primitives, ama-amniotic tetrapods, okungukuthi, izilwane ezinemilenze emine imibungu yazo eyakhiwe ivikelwe izimvilophu ezine. Ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule, izilwane ezincelisayo zahlukahluka kusuka kulo khokho ovamile zaya izinhlobo ezahlukene, ukuzivumelanisa nazo zonke izindlela, umhlaba, amanzi nomoya.

Izici eziyi-11 zezilwane ezincelisayo

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lezi zilwane azichazwa ngohlamvu olulodwa noma ezimbili, empeleni, zinezici ezihlukile zokuziphatha, kanye nobunzima obukhulu bokuziphatha obenza umuntu ngamunye ahluke.

Ngo- izici zezilwane ezincelisayo ezine-vertebrate yilezi:

1. umhlathi wakhiwa kuphela amathambo amazinyo.
2. Ukucaciswa kwe-mandible nogebhezi lwenziwa ngqo phakathi kwamathambo amazinyo kanye ne-squamosal.
3. Isici sesithathu amathambo endlebeni ephakathi (isando, i-stirrup ne-incus), ngaphandle kwama-monotremes, anendlebe elula elula.
4. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-epidermal salezi zilwane yizinwele zazo. Konke izinhlobo ezincelisayo ukuthuthukisa izinwele, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengama-cetaceans, zinezinwele kuphela lapho zizalwa, futhi zilahlekelwa yilezi zinwele njengoba zikhula. Kwezinye izimo, uboya buyalungiswa, ngokwesibonelo, kwakhiwa amaphiko emikhomo noma izikali zepangolin.
5. Ifakwe esikhunjeni sezilwane ezincelisayo, inani elikhulu le- izithukuthuku zokujuluka nokuqina ingatholakala. Ezinye zazo ziguqulwa zibe yizindlala ezinukayo noma ezinobuthi.
6. okwamanje izindlala ezincelisayo, etholakala kwizindlala ezibusayo kanye nobisi oluyimfihlo, okuwukudla okudingekayo kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
7. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, zingaba nazo izinzipho, uzipho noma izinselo, konke kwenziwa ngento ebizwa nge-keratin.
8. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo izimpondo noma izimpondo. Izimpondo zinesisekelo samathambo esimbozwe isikhumba, kanti izimpondo nazo zinokuvikelwa oku-chitinous, futhi kukhona ezinye ezingenaso isisekelo samathambo, esakhiwe ngokuqongelela kwezingqimba zesikhumba, njengoba kunjalo ngezimpondo zobhejane.
9. O Izinsiza zokugaya ezincelisayo ithuthuke kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kunezinye izinhlobo. Isici esibahlukanisa kakhulu ubukhona be- isikhwama esiyimpumputhe, isithasiselo.
10. Izilwane ezincelisayo zine I-neocortex yobuchopho noma, ukubeka ngenye indlela, ubuchopho obuthuthuke ngokwedlulele, obubaholela ekuthuthukiseni inani elikhulu lamakhono okuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi.
11. zonke izilwane ezincelisayo phefumulaumoya, noma ngabe ziyizilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokuphefumula lwezilwane ezincelisayo lunezimbili amaphaphu okuthi, ngokuya ngohlobo, kungabekwa noma kungavunyelwe. Futhi bane-trachea, i-bronchi, i-bronchioles ne-alveoli, elungiselelwe ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Futhi banesitho somlomo esinezintambo zezwi esisendaweni yomphimbo. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuveza imisindo ehlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo

Incazelo yakudala yesilwane esincelisayo izokhipha ezinye izinhlobo zokuqala zezilwane ezincelisayo ezavela emhlabeni. Isigaba seMammalia sehlukaniswe saba ama-oda amathathu, monotremes, marsupials futhi placentals.

1. Ama-Monotremes: ukuhleleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo ze-monotremes kwakhiwa yizinhlobo eziyisihlanu kuphela zezilwane, i-platypus ne-echidnas. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zibonakala ngokuba yizilwane ezi-oviparous, okungukuthi, zibekela amaqanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bagcina isici sokhokho babo abayiziqhwaga, i-cloaca, lapho zombili izinto zokugaya ukudla, umchamo nezokuzala zihlangana.
2. AmaMarsupials: Izilwane ezincelisayo zeMarsupial zibonakala ngokuthi, yize ziyizilwane ezi-viviparous, zinokukhula okufushane kakhulu, okukuqedela kakade ngaphandle kwesibeletho somama kepha ngaphakathi kwesikhwama sesikhumba esibizwa ngokuthi i-marsupium, ngaphakathi lapho kunezindlala ezincelisayo.
3. Ama-Placentals: Okokugcina, kunezilwane ezincelisayo zomzimba. Lezi zilwane, nazo ziyi-viviparous, ziqedela ukukhula kwazo kombungu ngaphakathi esibelethweni sikanina, futhi lapho zisishiya, zincike ngokuphelele kunina, ozozinikeza ukuvikelwa nokondliwa abazokudinga ezinyangeni zokuqala noma eminyakeni yokuphila. ubisi lwebele.

Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo

Ukuze wazi kangcono lezi zilwane, sethula ngezansi uhlu olubanzi lwezibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo, yize kungenabanzi njenge izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-5 200 zezilwane ezincelisayo okukhona njengamanje emhlabeni.

Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba

Sizoqala nge- izilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Zebra (idube equus);
• ikati elifuywayo (UFelis sylvestris catus);
• inja yasekhaya (I-Canis lupus familiaris);
• Indlovu yase-Afrika (I-African Loxodonta);
• Impisi (izibaya lupus);
• Izinyamazane ezivamile (cervus elaphus);
• I-Eurasian Lynx (i-lynx lynx);
• Unogwaja waseYurophu (I-Oryctolagus cuniculus);
• Ihhashi (i-equus ferus caballus)​​;
• Imfene ejwayelekile (pan troglodytes);
• I-Bonobo (pan panus);
• I-Borneo Orangutan (UPong Pygmaeus);
• Ibhere elinsundu (I-Ursus arctos);
• Ibhere le-panda noma i-panda enkulu (I-Ailuropoda melanoleuca);
• Impungushe ebomvu (Ama-Vulpes Vulpes);
• I-Sumatran Tiger (u-panthera tigris sumatrae);
• Ingwe yaseBengal (u-panthera tigris tigris);
• I-Reindeer (i-rangifer tarandus);
• Inkawu iHowler (I-Alouatta palliata);
• i-llama (udaka lwe-glam);
• I-weasel enukayo (i-mephitis mephitis);
• I-Badger (uju lwezinyosi).

Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle

Kukhona futhi izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Umkhomo Ompunga (U-Eschrichtius robustus);
• Umkhomo WasePygmy (ICaperea marginata);
• Ihlengethwa leGanges (u-gangetic platanist);
• I-Fin Whale (I-Balaenoptera physalus);
• I-Blue Whale (I-Balaenoptera musculus);
• Ihlengethwa laseBolivia (Inia boliviensis);
• I-Porpoise (i-vexillifer lipos);
• Ihlengethwa i-Araguaia (I-Inia araguaiaensis);
• Umkhomo waseGreenland (Imfihlakalo kaBalaena);
• I-Twilight Dolphin (ILagenorhynchus obscurus);
• I-Porpoise (phocoena phocoena);
• Ihlengethwa elibomvana (I-Inia geoffrensis);
• I-Going River Dolphin (platanist omncane);
• I-Pacific Right Whale (Eubalaena japonica);
• Umkhomo We-Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae);
• Ihlengethwa lase-Atlantic elimhlophe (Lagenorhynchus acutus);
• I-Vaquita (I-Phocoena sinus);
• Uphawu Olujwayelekile (UVitulina Phoca);
• I-Australian Sea Lion (INeophoca cinerea);
• Uphawu loboya baseNingizimu Melika (I-Arctophoca australis australis);
• I-Sea Bear (UCallorhinus amabhere);
• SeMedian Monk Seal (monachus monachus);
• Uphawu lwenkalankala (I-Wolfdon carcinophagus);
• Ingwe Seal (I-Hydrurga leptonyx);
• Ubearded Seal (U-Erignathus barbatus);
• I-Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus).

Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elipinki / Ukukhiqizwa kabusha: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lubasi/7450423740

Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo ze-monotremes

okulandelayo ne- izibonelo ezincelisayo, nazi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ze-monotremes:

• I-Platypus (I-Ornithorhynchus anatinus);
• I-Echidna enephunga elifushane (tachyglossus aculeatus);
• I-Echidne yase-Attenborough (I-Zaglossus attenboroughi);
• I-Echidne kaBarton (UZaglossus bartoni);
• I-Echidna ekhokhiswe isikhathi eside (I-Zaglossus bruijni).

Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-marsupial

Kukhona futhi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, phakathi kwabo, okuthandwa kakhulu yilawa:

• I-Vombat ejwayelekile (Ursinus Vombatus);
• Umoba (petaurus breviceps);
• I-Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus);
• I-Western Gray Kangaroo (IMacropus fuliginosus);
• I-Koala (I-Phascolarctos Cinereus);
• I-kangaroo ebomvuIMacropus rufus);
• UDeveli noma usathane waseTasmania (I-Sarcophilus harrisii).

Izibonelo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo

Ukuphetha lo mbhalo mayelana izici ezincelisayo, ake sisho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo okudingeka wazi ngazo:

• Ilulwane loboya (I-Myotis emarginatus);
• Ilulwane elikhulu le-arboreal (Nyctalus noctula);
• I-Southern Bat (I-Eptesicus isabellinus);
• Ugwadule Olubomvu (I-Lasiurus blossevillii);
• I-Philippine Flying Bat (I-Acerodon jubatus);
• isando bat (I-Hypsignathus monstrosus);
• Ilulwane elijwayelekile noma ilulwane (umabhebhana umabhebhana);
• I-Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus);
• I-Vampire Bat enemilenze enezinwele (Diphylla ecaudata);
• I-Vampire Bat enamaphiko amhlophe (diaemus youngi).

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izici zezilwane ezincelisayo: incazelo kanye nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.