Ukwahlukaniswa kwezilwane ezinomgogodla

Umlobi: John Stephens
Usuku Lokudalwa: 22 Ujanuwari 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 22 Unovemba 2024
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-Delile

Izilwane ezinomgogodla yilezo ezine- amathambo angaphakathi, okungaba ngamathambo noma i-cartilaginous, futhi kube ngeyama- i-subphylum yezingxabano, okungukuthi, banentambo yomgogodla noma i-notochord futhi bakhiwe yiqembu elikhulu lezilwane, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo. Lokhu kwabelana ngezici ezithile nenye i-subphyla eyakha izingqinamba, kepha kuthuthukiswa izici ezintsha nezinoveli ezibavumela ukuthi bahlukaniswe ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwentela.

Leli qembu libizwa nangokuthi ama-craneados, okusho ukuthi ukuba khona kogebhezi kulezi zilwane, noma ngabe ezokwakhiwa kwethambo noma kwe-cartilaginous. Kodwa-ke, leli gama lichazwe abanye ososayensi njengeliphelelwe yisikhathi. Izinhlelo zokuhlonza nokuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zilinganisela ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60,000 zama-vertebrate, iqembu elihluke ngokusobala elihlala cishe yonke imvelo emhlabeni. Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal sizokwethula ku ukuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ezinomgogodla. Ukufunda okuhle!


Kunjani ukwahlukaniswa kwezilwane ezinomgogodla

Izilwane ezinomgogodla zinobuhlakani, amandla amahle okuqonda futhi ziyakwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza okuhluke kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlangana kwemisipha namathambo.

Ama-Vertebrate aziwa ukuthi ayaqonda, ngendlela elula:

  • Inhlanzi
  • izilwane zasemanzini
  • ezihuquzelayo
  • izinyoni
  • Izilwane ezincelisayo

Kodwa-ke, okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ezinomgogodla: i-Linnean yendabuko kanye ne-cladistic. Yize ukuhlukaniswa kweLinnean kusetshenziswe ngokwesiko, izifundo zakamuva ziphetha ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kokuhlelwa kwezinto kusungula izindlela ezithile ezahlukahlukene maqondana nokuhlukaniswa kwalezi zilwane.

Ngaphezu kokuchaza lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuhlukanisa izilwane ezinomgogodla, sizokunikeza nokuhlukaniswa okusekelwe kuzici ezijwayelekile zamaqembu angenamgogodla.


Izilwane ezinomgogodla ngokwesigaba sendabuko seLinnean

Ukuhlukaniswa kweLinnean uhlelo olwamukelwa umhlaba wonke ngumphakathi wesayensi onikeza indlela iyasebenziseka futhi iyasebenziseka ukuhlukanisa umhlaba wezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, ngentuthuko ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngakho-ke kwezofuzo, ezinye izigaba eziklanywe kulo mugqa kufanele zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba, ama-vertebrate ahlukaniswe:

I-Superclass Agnatos (ayikho imihlathi)

Kulesi sigaba, sithola:

  • AmaCephalaspidomorphs: lesi isigaba esivele singasekho.
  • Ama-Hyperartios: lapha kuza izibani (ezinjengezinhlobo zezilwane Petromyzon zasolwandle) nezinye izilwane zasemanzini, ezinemizimba emide ne-gelatinous.
  • Izingxube: eyaziwa kakhulu njenge-hagfish, okuyizilwane zasolwandle, ezinemizimba ebanzi kakhulu futhi eyakudala kakhulu.

I-Superclass Gnatostomados (enemihlathi)

Nazi eziqoqiwe:


  • Ama-Placoderms: isigaba esivele siphelile.
  • Ama-Acanthode: elinye ikilasi elingasekho.
  • AmaChondrites: lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi ezinesigaxa esifana noshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (I-Prionace glauca) kanye ne-stingray, efana ne- I-Aetobatus narinari, phakathi kwabanye.
  • Osteite: zaziwa kakhulu njengezinhlanzi ezinamathambo, phakathi kwazo esingabala izinhlobo zazo Plectorhinchus vittatus.

I-Tetrapoda Superclass (eneziphetho ezine)

Amalungu ale superclass nawo banemihlathi. Lapha sithola iqembu lezilwane ezinomgogodla, elihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine:

  • izilwane zasemanzini.
  • ezihuquzelayo.
  • izinyoni.
  • Izilwane ezincelisayo.

Lezi zilwane zikwazile ukukhula kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala, zisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke.

Izilwane ezinomgogodla ngokwesigaba se-cladistic

Ngokuthuthuka kwezifundo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokwenziwa ngcono kocwaningo kwezofuzo, kwavela ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhi, okuhlukanisa ukwahlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo ekusebenzeni ngokunembile ubudlelwano bokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kulolu hlobo lokuhlukaniswa kukhona futhi umehluko futhi kuzoncika ezintweni eziningana, ngakho-ke azikho izincazelo eziphelele okweqembu elifanele. Ngokusho kwale ndawo ye-biology, ama-vertebrate ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa njenge:

  • Ama-cyclostomesizinhlanzi ezingenamhlathi njenge-hagfish nezibani.
  • AmaChondrites: inhlanzi enesifo njengoshaka.
  • mdlaliboy: izinhlanzi ezinamathambo njenge-trout, i-salmon nama-eels, phakathi kwezinye eziningi.
  • I-Dipnoos: i-lungfish, njenge-salamander fish.
  • izilwane zasemanzini: amasele, amaxoxo kanye nama-salamanders.
  • Izilwane ezincelisayo: imikhomo, amalulwane nezimpisi, phakathi kwabanye abaningi.
  • AmaLepidosaurians: izibankwa nezinyoka, phakathi kwabanye.
  • Ama-testudines: izimfudu.
  • ama-archosaurs: izingwenya nezinyoni.

Izibonelo eziningi zezilwane ezinomgogodla

Nazi izibonelo zezilwane ezinomgogodla:

  • Ihlengethwa elimpunga (Sotalia guianensis)
  • I-Jaguar (Panthera onca)
  • I-Giant Anteater (iMyrmecophaga tridactyla)
  • Izigwaca ZaseNew Zealand (Coturnix novaezelandiae)
  • IPernambuco Cabure (Glaucidium mooreorum)
  • Impisi enamanzi (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
  • Ukhozi olumpunga (Urubinga coronata)
  • I-hummingbird enama-Violet-eared (Colibri serrirostris)

Kulesi sihloko esinye sePeritoAnimal, ungabona izibonelo eziningi zezilwane ezinomgogodla nezingenamgogodla nezithombe eziningana zezilwane ezinomgogodla.

Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane ezinomgogodla

Ama-Vertebrate aqoqelwa ndawonye ngoba abelana njengesici esivamile ukutholakala kwefayela le- ukhakhayi setha lokho kuvikela ubuchopho futhi i-vertebrae yamathambo noma ye-cartilaginous ezizungeze umgogodla. Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezici ezithile ezithile, zingabuye zihlukaniswe ngokujwayelekile zibe:

  • I-Agnates: kufaka phakathi ama-mixine ne-lampreys.
  • Gnatostomados: lapho kutholakala khona izinhlanzi, ama-vertebrate abhekiswe emikhawulweni akha amaphiko nama-tetrapods, okuyizonke ezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla.

Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa izilwane ezinomgogodla ukukhula kombungu:

  • amniotes: kubhekisa ekukhuleni kombungu esakeni eligcwele uketshezi, njengoba kwenzeka ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo.
  • amanniotes: kugqamisa amacala lapho umbungu ungakhuli esikhwameni esigcwele uketshezi, lapho singafaka khona izinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini.

Njengoba sikwazile ukukhombisa, kukhona umehluko othile phakathi kwezinhlelo zeukuhlukaniswa izilwane ezinomgogodla, bese lokhu kuphakamisa izinga lobunzima obukhona kule nqubo yokuhlonza nokuhlukanisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Ngalo mqondo, akunakwenzeka ukusungula imibandela ephelele ezinhlelweni zokuhlukanisa, noma kunjalo, singaba nombono wokuthi izilwane ezinomgogodla zihlukaniswa kanjani, okuyisici esibalulekile sokuqonda amandla azo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphakathi kweplanethi.

Manje njengoba usazi ukuthi ziyini izilwane ezinomgogodla futhi wazi izinhlobo zazo ezihlukile zokuhlukaniswa, ungahle ube nentshisekelo kule ndatshana yokushintshaniswa kwezizukulwane ezilwaneni.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Ukwahlukaniswa kwezilwane ezinomgogodla, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.