-Delile
- Izindawo ze-Whittaker ze-5 Zabantu Abaphilayo
- 1. UMonera Kingdom
- 2. Umbuso Wama-Protist
- 3. I-Kingdom Fungi
- 4. Plant Umbuso
- 5. IKingdom Animalia
- Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngezidalwa eziphilayo zomhlaba?
Zonke izinto eziphilayo zihlukaniswa zibe yimibuso emihlanu, kusuka kumagciwane amancane kuya kubantu. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunezisekelo eziyisisekelo ezasungulwa ngusosayensi URobert Whittaker, okunikele kakhulu esifundweni sezidalwa ezihlala eMhlabeni.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge Izindawo ezi-5 zezidalwa eziphilayo? Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal, sizokhuluma ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo zibe yimibuso emihlanu kanye nezimpawu zazo eziyinhloko.
Izindawo ze-Whittaker ze-5 Zabantu Abaphilayo
URobert Whittaker wayeyisazi semvelo esiphambili sezitshalo e-United States esigxile endaweni yokuhlaziywa komphakathi wezitshalo. Ubengumuntu wokuqala ukuphakamisa ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo zihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezinhlanu. UWhittaker ubesuselwa kuzimpawu ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokuhlukaniswa kwakhe:
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuya ngokudla kwazo: kuya ngokuthi umzimba uyondla yini nge-photosynthesis, ukumunca noma ukufaka. I-photosynthesis iyindlela izitshalo okufanele zithathe ngayo i-carbon emoyeni zikhiqize amandla. Ukuncela kuyindlela yokondla, ngokwesibonelo, amagciwane. Ukungenisa isenzo sokuthatha izakhamzimba ngomlomo. Funda kabanzi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane maqondana nokudla kule ndatshana.
- Ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ngokwezinga labo lokuhlelwa kwamaselula: sithola izinto eziphilayo ze-prokaryote, ama-eukaryote angama-unicellular nama-eukaryotes anamaseli amaningi. Ama-Prokaryote ayizidalwa ezingama-unicellular, okungukuthi, akhiwa yingqamuzana elilodwa, futhi abonakala ngokungabi nayo i-nucleus ngaphakathi kwawo, izinto zawo zofuzo zitholakala zihlakazeke ngaphakathi kweseli. Izidalwa ze-eukaryotic zingaba yi-unicellular noma i-multicellular (eyenziwe ngamaseli amabili noma ngaphezulu), futhi isici sazo esiyinhloko ukuthi izinto zazo zofuzo zitholakala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi i-nucleus, ngaphakathi kweseli noma amaseli.
Ukujoyina izici ezakha ukwahlukaniswa okubili kwangaphambilini, uWhittaker wahlukanisa zonke izidalwa eziphilayo imibuso emihlanu: Monera, Protista, Isikhunta, Plantae futhi Animalia.
1. UMonera Kingdom
Umbuso i-monera ifaka phakathi ama-unicellular prokaryotic eziphilayo. Iningi lazo londla ngokumunca, kepha ezinye ziyakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis, njengoba kunjalo nge-cyanobacteria.
ngaphakathi embusweni i-monera sithole izindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi komhlaba, i- ye-archaebacteria, okuyizinto ezincane eziphilayo ezihlala ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, izindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, njengama-cesspools ashisayo phansi olwandle. Futhi ne-subkingdom kwe-eubacteria. Ama-Eubacteria angatholakala cishe kuyo yonke imvelo emhlabeni, adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yoMhlaba kanti ezinye zibanga izifo.
2. Umbuso Wama-Protist
Lo mbuso uhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo ama-eukaryote anengqamuzana elilodwa futhi ezinye izinto eziningi eziphilayo elula. Kunezindawo ezintathu ezingaphansi komhlaba zombuso wamaProtist:
- Ulwelwe: ama-unicellular noma ama-multicellular eziphilayo zasemanzini ezenza i-photosynthesis. Zihluka ngosayizi, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezincane kakhulu, ezinjenge-micromonas, kuya ezilwaneni ezinkulu ezifinyelela kumamitha angama-60 ubude.
- I-Protozoa: ikakhulukazi izinto ezinama-unicellular, mobile, kanye ne-absorption-feed (ezifana nama-amoebas). Zikhona cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala futhi zifaka ezinye izimuncagazi ezithathelwanayo zabantu nezilwane ezifuywayo.
- isikhunta se-protist: Abaphenyi abamunca ukudla kwabo ezintweni eziphilayo ezifile. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-2, isikhunta se-slime kanye nesikhunta samanzi. Abaculi abaningi abanjengefungus basebenzisa ama-pseudopods ("izinyawo ezingamanga") ukuhamba.
3. I-Kingdom Fungi
Umbuso isikhunta iqanjwe ngu ama-multicellular eukaryotic eziphilayo ezondla ngokumunca. Ngokuyinhloko yizinto eziphilayo ezibolayo, ezifaka ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla futhi zimunce ama-molecule amancane we-organic akhishwe ngomsebenzi wala ma-enzyme. Kulo mbuso kutholakala zonke izinhlobo zesikhunta namakhowe.
4. Plant Umbuso
Lo mbuso uqukethe i- ama-multicellular eukaryotic eziphilayo ezenza i-photosynthesis. Ngale nqubo, izitshalo zikhiqiza ukudla kwazo okuvela kwi-carbon dioxide namanzi abawathumbayo.Izitshalo azinawo uhlaka lwamathambo oluqinile, ngakho-ke wonke amaseli azo anodonga olubenza bahlale bezinzile.
Futhi banezitho zocansi ezinamaseli amaningi futhi zakha imibungu phakathi nemijikelezo yempilo yazo. Izinto eziphilayo esingazithola kulo mbuso, ngokwesibonelo, ubulembu, amafern nezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
5. IKingdom Animalia
Lo mbuso wakhiwe ama-multicellular eukaryotic eziphilayo. Zondla ngokungenisa, zidle ukudla futhi zikugaye emigodini ekhethekile emzimbeni wayo, njengohlelo lokugaya ukudla ezinomgogodla. Azikho izinto eziphilayo kulo mbuso ezinodonga lweseli, olwenzeka ezitshalweni.
Isici esiyinhloko sezilwane ukuthi zinamandla okuhamba zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye, ngaphezulu noma kancane ngokuzithandela. Zonke izilwane emhlabeni zingaphansi kwaleli qembu, kusukela ezipontshini zasolwandle kuya ezinjeni nakubantu.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngezidalwa eziphilayo zomhlaba?
Thola ku-PeritoZonke izilwane ngezilwane, kusuka kuma-dinosaurs asolwandle kuya ezilwaneni ezidla inyama ezihlala emhlabeni wethu. Yiba Isazi Sezilwane nawe!