-Delile
- Zikhona izinhlanzi ezinemilenze?
- Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinemilenze
- U-Anabas testudineus
- I-Batfish (Dibranchus spinosus)
- sladenia shaefersi
- Thymicthys politus
- I-African lungfish (I-Protopterus annectens)
- i-tigra lucerne
- I-Mudfish (izinhlobo eziningana zohlobo I-Periophthalmus)
- I-Chaunax pictus
- Ingabe i-axolotl iyinhlanzi enemilenze?
Izinhlanzi yizilwane ezinomgogodla ezinokwehlukahlukana kobujamo, ubukhulu nezindlela zokuphila ezibenza bahluke. Ngaphakathi kwezindlela zokuphila ezahlukahlukene abanazo, kufanelekile ukugqamisa izinhlobo eziguqukele endaweni yabo ukuze bazithole izici ezikhethekile kakhulu. Kukhona izinhlanzi ezinamaphiko ezinesakhiwo ezibaphendula "imilenze" yangempela.
Lokhu akumele kusimangaze, ngoba ukuvela kwemilenze kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-375 edlule, ngenkathi kuhlala inhlanzi yaseSarcopterian iTiktaalik, inhlanzi amaphiko ama-lobe eyayinezici ezahlukahlukene zama-tetrapods (ama-vertebrate anemilenze emine).
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi imilenze ivele ngesidingo sokusuka ezindaweni lapho amanzi angajulile khona futhi isize ekufuneni imithombo yokudla. Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal, sizochaza uma kukhona inhlanzi ngemilenze - inhlebo nezithombe. Uzobona ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinamaphiko anjalo anemisebenzi yomlenze. Ukufunda okuhle.
Zikhona izinhlanzi ezinemilenze?
Hhayi, azikho izinhlanzi ezinemilenze yangempela. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ezinye izinhlobo zinamaphiko aguqulelwe "ukuhamba" noma ukuhamba olwandle noma embhedeni womfula, kanti ezinye zingahle zishiye amanzi isikhathi esifushane ziyofuna ukudla noma zihambe phakathi kwamanzi amaningi.
Lezi zinhlobo, ngokujwayelekile, zibeka amaphiko azo eduze komzimba ukuze zithole ukwesekwa okungcono, nezinye izinhlobo, njengeBichir-de-Senegal (I-Polypterus senegulus), babe nezinye izici ezibavumele ukuthi baphume ngempumelelo emanzini, njengoba umzimba wabo uvulekile kakhulu futhi ugebhezi lwabo luhlukaniswe kancane nomzimba wonke, okubanikeza ukuhamba okukhulu.
Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izinhlanzi zinokukhulu kanjani plasticity ukujwayela imvelo yakho, okungaveza ukuthi inhlanzi yokuqala yaphuma kanjani emanzini ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuthi, kamuva, izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezikhona namuhla zakha amaphiko (noma esizokubiza lapha, izinyawo zezinhlanzi) ezibavumela ukuba "bahambe".
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinemilenze
Ngakho-ke ake sihlangane nezinye zalezi zinhlanzi ezinemilenze, okungukuthi, zinababhukudi abasebenza njengemilenze yazo. Okuwaziwa kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:
U-Anabas testudineus
Lezi zinhlobo zomndeni wakwa-Anabantidae zitholakala eNdiya, eChina naseWallace Line (esifundeni sase-Asia). Inobude obungamasentimitha angama-25 ubude futhi iyinhlanzi ehlala emanzini amasha amachibi, imifula nasezindaweni zokutshala, kepha, ingabekezelela usawoti.
Uma indawo abahlala kuyo yomile, bangakushiya usebenzisa amaphiko abo we-pectoral njenge "milenze" ukuhambahamba. Zimelana kakhulu nezindawo ezingenampilo ye-oxygen. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kungathatha usuku ukufinyelela kwenye indawo, kepha Ungaphila kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisithupha uphume emanzini. Ukuze benze lokhu, bavame ukumba bese bengena odakeni olumanzi ukuze baphile. Ngenxa yalezi zici, iphakamisa uhlu lwethu lwezinhlanzi ezinemilenze.
Kulesi esinye isihloko uzothola izinhlanzi eziyivelakancane emhlabeni.
I-Batfish (Dibranchus spinosus)
I-batfish noma i-bat yasolwandle ingeyomndeni wakwa-Ogcocephalidae, otholakala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele zazo zonke izilwandle nolwandle emhlabeni, ngaphandle koLwandle iMedithera. Umzimba wayo ucace bha, unesimo esiyisicaba futhi esiyindilinga, esiguqulelwe empilweni engezansi kwemizimba yamanzi, okungukuthi, i-benthic. umsila wakho une ama-peduncles amabili eziphuma ezinhlangothini zayo futhi ezokuguqulwa kwamaphiko aso we-pectoral asebenza njengemilenze.
Ngokulandelayo, amaphiko ezinqeni mancane kakhulu futhi atholakala ngaphansi komphimbo futhi asebenza ngokufanayo nemilenze yangaphambili. akho amabili amabhangqa amaphiko anemisipha kakhulu futhi aqinile, okubenza bakwazi ukuhamba phansi kolwandle, abakwenzayo isikhathi esiningi - yingakho sikubiza ngokuthi uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezinemilenze - njengoba bengebona ababhukudi abahle. Lapho nje bekhomba isisulu esingaba yisisulu, bahlala bethule ukuyiyenga ngentambo abanayo ebusweni bese beyibamba ngomlomo wabo wesikhashana.
sladenia shaefersi
Ngeyomndeni wakwaLophiidae, le nhlanzi itholakala eSouth Carolina, enyakatho ye-United States, nase-Lesser Antilles. Kuyinhlobo enkulu, efinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ubude. Inhloko yayo iyindilinga kepha ayiyisicaba futhi inomsila ominyene kamuva.
Inemicu emibili ephuma ekhanda layo futhi nameva anobude obuhlukile ezungeze ikhanda layo nasemzimbeni wayo. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala lapho ijaha khona inyamazane yayo ngenxa yomklamo wayo ohlanganiswe ngokuphelele nemvelo. Le nhlanzi enemilenze ingahamba olwandle "ngokuhamba" ngenxa yamaphiko ayo e-pectoral aguqulwe aba yizinyawo.
Thymicthys politus
Uhlobo lomndeni wakwaBrachionichthyidae, luhlala ogwini lwaseTasmania. Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo nge-biology yale nhlanzi. Ingafinyelela cishe 13 cm ubude futhi ukubukeka kwayo kuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu, njengoba umzimba wayo ubomvu ngokuphelele futhi umbozwe izinsumpa, nekhanda ekhanda.
Amaphiko azo okhalweni mancane futhi atholakala ngezansi futhi aseduze nasekhanda, kanti amaphiko azo asepectoral athuthukile kakhulu futhi abonakala "eneminwe" ebasiza ukuhamba phansi kolwandle. Ikhetha izindawo ezinesihlabathi eziseduze nemifula kanye nogu lwamakhorali. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokubhekwa njengenhlanzi enemilenze, "iyinhlanzi eneminwe".
I-African lungfish (I-Protopterus annectens)
Yinhlanzi yamaphaphu yomndeni wakwaProtopteridae ehlala emifuleni, emachibini noma ezixhaphozini ezinemifino e-Afrika. Inobude obungaphezu kwemitha elilodwa kanti umzimba wayo ulengisiwe (omise okwe-angular) futhi mpunga. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihambayo, le nhlanzi ingahamba phansi kwemifula neminye imizimba yamanzi angenasawoti, ngenxa yamaphiko ayo emifinyela kanye nezitho zangasese, kulokhu okucwebezelayo, futhi futhi ungagxuma.
Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezinomumo oqhubeke cishe ungashintshi izigidi zeminyaka. Iyakwazi ukusinda ngenkathi eyomile ngenxa yokuthi imba odakeni bese igobhoza ibe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila oluyimfihlo. Yena angachitha izinyanga kulesi simo uhlamvu oluncane luphefumula umoya-mpilo womkhathi ngoba unamaphaphu.
i-tigra lucerne
Kusuka emndenini weTriglidae, le nhlanzi enemilenze iyizinhlobo zasolwandle ezihlala e-Atlantic Ocean, oLwandle iMedithera naseLwandle Olumnyama. Kuyinto yezinhlanga ezihlangana nolwandle. Ifinyelela ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50 ubude kanti umzimba wayo uqinile, ucindezelwe kamuva bese ubomvu ngokusawolintshi ngombala futhi ubushelelezi ngokubukeka. Amaphiko aso we-pectoral yi ithuthukiswe kakhulu, ufinyelela ekugcineni kwendunu.
Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zinemisebe emithathu ephuma ezinsikeni zamaphiko azo e-pectoral ezivumela ukuba "zikhase noma zihambe" olwandle olunesihlabathi, njengoba zisebenza ngemilenze emincane. Le misebe futhi isebenza njenge izitho zemizwa noma ezithintekayo ngazo baphenya olwandle ukuze bathole ukudla. Banekhono eliyingqayizivele lokukhiqiza "ukuhogela" ngenxa yokudlidliza kwesisu sokubhukuda, lapho kusongelwa noma ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.
I-Mudfish (izinhlobo eziningana zohlobo I-Periophthalmus)
Kusuka emndenini weGobiidae, loluhlobo loluyingqayizivele luphila emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia nase-Afrika, ezindaweni ezinemilambo yemifula lapho amanzi awo enamanzi khona. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ezindaweni zemihlume, lapho zivame ukuzingela khona. Le nhlanzi enemilenze ilinganiselwa ku-15 cm ubude kanti nomzimba wayo ulinganiselwe ngekhanda elikhulu futhi amehlo agadla kakhulu, njengoba ziphume futhi zitholakala ngaphambili, cishe zinanyathiselwe ndawonye.
Kungashiwo ukuthi indlela yabo yokuphila iyamamphibi noma yasemanzini amancane, njengoba bekwazi ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo ngenxa yokushintshaniswa kwegesi esikhunjeni, pharynx, mucosa ngomlomo nasemakamelweni egill lapho begcina khona umoya-mpilo. Igama labo i-mudfish kungenxa yokuthi, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuphefumula ngaphandle kwamanzi, bahlala bedinga izindawo ezinodaka ukugcina umswakama nomswakama womzimba. bhabha, futhi futhi yindawo lapho bondla khona isikhathi esiningi. Amaphiko abo emiponji aqinile futhi anobuhlalu obubavumela ukuba baphume emanzini ezindaweni ezinodaka futhi ngamaphiko abo okhalo anganamathela ezindaweni.
Ungaba nentshisekelo kule enye indatshana emayelana nezinhlanzi eziphefumula zivela emanzini.
I-Chaunax pictus
Ngeyomndeni wakwaChaunacidae futhi isatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba emanzini apholile nasendaweni eshisayo, ngaphandle koLwandle iMedithera. Umzimba wayo uqinile futhi uyindilinga, ekugcineni ucindezelwe ekugcineni, ufinyelela cishe ku-40 cm ubude. Inombala obomvu ngokusawolintshi futhi isikhumba sayo siwugqinsi impela, simbozwe ngameva amancane, ingaphinde ikhuphuke, okukunika ukubonakala kwenhlanzi equmbile. Zombili izinqolobane zazo zamaphaphu nezomgogodla, ezitholakala ngaphansi kwekhanda futhi ezisondelene kakhulu, zikhule kakhulu futhi zisetshenziswa njengemilenze yangempela ukunyakaza phansi olwandle. Yinhlanzi engenamandla amancane okubhukuda.
Ingabe i-axolotl iyinhlanzi enemilenze?
i-axolotl (I-Ambystoma mexicanum) yisilwane esinelukuluku lokwazi, esidabuka eMexico, esihlala amachibi, amachibi kanye neminye imizimba engajulile yamanzi ahlanzekile anezimila zamanzi eziningi engxenyeni eseningizimu emaphakathi nezwe, efinyelela cishe ku-15 cm ubude. Kuyinto yasemanzini ese- "ingozi ebucayi yokuqothulwa"ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwabantu, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokwethulwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphandle komhlaba.
Yisilwane sasemanzini kuphela esibukeka njengenhlanzi, kepha, ngokuphambene nalokho abaningi abakholelwa kukho, lesi silwane asiyona inhlanzi, kodwa i-amphibian efana ne-salamander enomzimba omdala ogcina izici zesibungu (inqubo ebizwa nge-neotenia) enomsila ocindezelwe kamuva, imishanguzo yangaphandle, nokuba khona kwezidladla.
Futhi manje njengoba usuyazi inhlanzi eyinhloko enemilenze futhi usubonile izithombe zemilenze yezinhlanzi, ungahle ube nentshisekelo kule enye i-athikili kaPeritoIzilwane ngezinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Inhlanzi enemilenze - Izintshisakalo nezithombe, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.