-Delile
- Kuyini ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ngokocansi?
- Izigaba zokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi kwezilwane
- Izinhlobo zokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi kwezilwane
- Izibonelo zokukhiqiza kabusha kwezocansi ezilwaneni
- Umehluko phakathi kokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi nokuya ocansini
Izilwane, njengezinto eziphilayo ngazinye, ziyavela futhi zinyamalale, kepha izinhlobo zazo ezingezona ziyaqhubeka zikhona. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuzala kabusha, omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile yezidalwa eziphilayo. Ngaphakathi kombuso wezilwane, singathola amasu amabili okuzala, ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual nokuzala ngokocansi, okuvame kakhulu ezilwaneni.
THE ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi kuyisu elijwayelekile lokuzala lezilwane, yize ezinye zingazala ngokukhethekile ngokusebenzisa isu le-asexual. Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana yePeritoAnimal, sizochaza i- okungukuzala kwezocansi kwezilwane.
Kuyini ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ngokocansi?
Ukuzala ngokocansi yiyona isu lokuzala ukuthi izilwane nezitshalo eziningi zamukela ukukhulisa abantu abasha futhi kuqhubekisele phambili uhlobo.
Izici ezichaza lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza ziningana. Okokuqala, ekukhiqizweni ngokocansi abantu ababili bayabandakanyeka, owesilisa nowesifazane oyedwa, ngokungafani nokuzala kwe-asexual, lapho kukhona eyodwa kuphela. Zombili zinezitho ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-gonads, ekhiqiza ama-gametes. La ma-gametes amangqamuzana ocansi, amaqanda akhiqizwa ama-ovari kwabesifazane kanye nesidoda esikhiqizwa amasende kwabesilisa.
Lapho iqanda nesidoda kuhlangana ndawonye, kwakha i-zygote. Le nyunyana ibizwa kokukhulelwa. Ukuvundisa kungenzeka ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwesilwane, kuya ngohlobo lwaso. Ngakho-ke kukhona ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle, lapho abesifazane nabesilisa bexosha ama-gametes abo endaweni yasemanzini ukuze bavundiswe, futhi kukhona ukukhulelwa kwangaphakathi, lapho isidoda sihlangana neqanda ngaphakathi kowesifazane.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, i-zygote eyakhiwe izoba ne-50% ye-DNA yomama ne-50% ye-DNA kababa, okungukuthi, inzalo ekhiqizwa ngokuzala ngokocansi iyoba nayo izinto zofuzo kubazali bobabili.
Izigaba zokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi kwezilwane
Ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi ezilwaneni kunezinyathelo eziningana, kuqala nge ukulele. Lo mkhuba uqukethe ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamageyimu wesifazane nowesilisa kuma-gonads abesifazane nabesilisa, ngokulandelana.
Kusuka ku- amaseli wegciwane futhi ngohlobo lokwehlukaniswa kwamaseli okwaziwa ngokuthi meiosis, abesifazane nabesilisa bakha ama-gametes abo. Izinga lokudala nokuvuthwa kwama-gametes lizoxhomeka ezicini ezithile, kepha ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni nakubulili bomuntu ngamunye.
Ngemuva kwe-gametogenesis, indlela okwenzeka ngayo ukukhulelwa yiyona ukukhwelana. Ngokwesenzo samahomoni, abantu abaneminyaka yobudala yokuzala bazofuna inkampani yabobulili obuhlukile ukuba bathandane futhi, ngemuva kokuqomisana, ukuhlangana kuzokwenzeka ezilwaneni ezinokukhulelwa kwangaphakathi. Ezinhlotsheni ezinokukhulelwa kwangaphandle, ama-gametes azokhishelwa endaweni ukuze avundiswe.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, isigaba sokugcina sokuzala ngokocansi senzeka, i- kokukhulelwa, equkethe uchungechunge lwezinguquko zamangqamuzana ezivumela ukuhlangana kwe-nucleus yeqanda ne-sperm nucleus.
Izinhlobo zokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi kwezilwane
Izinhlobo zokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi okukhona ezilwaneni zihlobene nosayizi wamageethi azohlangana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngale ndlela, sine-isogamy, i-anisogamy ne-oogamy.
- Ngo- isogamy kungenzeka ngokubonakalayo ukuhlukanisa ukuthi iyiphi i-gamete eyindoda noma yowesifazane. Kokubili kungaba yiselula noma ukunganyakazi. Luhlobo lokuqala lokuzala kabusha ngokocansi ukuvela emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, futhi kujwayelekile kuma-clamydomonas (ulwelwe olunamaseli owodwa) ne-monocystis, uhlobo lwe-protist. Akuveli ezilwaneni.
- THE umabhebhana kungukuhlanganiswa kwama-gametes osayizi abehlukene. Kunokwehluka phakathi kwamageyimu wesilisa nowesifazane futhi womabili angaba yiselula noma angahambeki. Lolu hlobo luvele ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo ngemuva kwesogamy. Ivela ku-fungi, ama-invertebrates aphezulu nezinye izilwane.
- THE oogamy kungukuhlanganiswa kwegemete lesifazane elikhulu kakhulu futhi elinganyakazi elinamageyimu amancane wesilisa weselula. Kwakuwuhlobo lokugcina lokuphinda luvele emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ye-algae ephakeme, ama-ferns, ama-gymnosperms nezilwane eziphakeme njengezilwane ezinomgogodla.
Izibonelo zokukhiqiza kabusha kwezocansi ezilwaneni
Kunezibonelo eziningi zokuzala kabusha ngokocansi njengoba kunezinhlobo zezilwane.
- Wena ezincelisayo, njengezinja, izimfene, imikhomo nabantu, banokukhiqiza ngokocansi ngokukhulelwa kwangaphakathi kanye ne-oogamy. Futhi, yizilwane eziphilayo, yingakho ukukhula kwazo kombungu kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesibeletho sikamama.
- Ngo- izinyoni, yize zibekela amaqanda ngoba ziyizilwane ezi-oviparous, futhi zilandela isu lokuzala ngokocansi nge-oogamy.
- Wena ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezinhlanzi baphinda bazalane ngokocansi, yize ezinye izinhlobo zilandela isu le-asexual ngezikhathi ezithile empilweni yazo. Ezinye zine-oviparous kanti ezinye ziyi-ovoviviparous, eziningi zazo zinokukhulelwa kwangaphandle futhi eziningana zinokukhulelwa kwangaphakathi.
- Wena ama-arthropods bayiqembu lezilwane elibanzi nelihlukahlukene, ngakho kuleli qembu kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ukuvundiswa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kanye namacala e-oogamy ne-anisogamy. Abanye bangazala kabusha ngokweqile.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kukhona nezilwane ezinama-hermaphrodite, nazo zombili izitho zokuzala zabesifazane nabesilisa, kodwa ezingasebenza njengabesifazane noma abesilisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Kulokhu, ukuzikhulela ngokwakho akwenzeki.
Umehluko phakathi kokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi nokuya ocansini
Manje njengoba wazi ukuthi ziyini izici zokuzala ngokocansi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini i- umehluko phakathi kokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi nokuya ocansini. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kobulili obufanayo kuyisu lokuzala elihlukile ekukhiqizeni ngokocansi ezindaweni eziningi. Eyokuqala isikhathi, ekukhiqizweni kwe-asexual ubude bufushane kakhulu kunokukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi.
Iphuzu lesibili lokwehluka, futhi elibaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi umphumela wokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asexual ngabantu abalingana nomzali okungukuthi ngaphandle kwezinguquko ze-DNA, Clones. Kafushane, ekukhiqizeni ngokocansi kunabantu ababili, okungukuthi, izinto ezimbili zofuzo ezihlukile. Ngokubambisana baholela kumuntu wesithathu onama-50% wezinto zofuzo zomuntu ngamunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekukhiqizweni kwe-asexual akukho ukukhiqizwa kwama-gametes futhi umphumela ungabantu abafanayo, ngaphandle kokuthuthuka kofuzo futhi inzalo ivame ukuba buthakathaka.
Bona izibonelo eziyi-15 zezilwane ezi-hermaphrodite nokuthi zizalana kanjani kulesi sihloko se-PeritoAnimal.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezilwane: izinhlobo kanye nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.