Izilwane ezifuywayo ezingama-49: incazelo nezinhlobo zezilwane

-Delile

• Izilwane zasekhaya
• Izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo
• izilwane ezifuywayo nezasendle
• Izilwane zasendle
• Isivumelwano se-CITES
• Izilwane ezingaphandle
• Iyingozi njengezilwane ezifuywayo
• Uhlu lwezilwane ezifuywayo
• izinyoni ezifuywayo
• amagundane asekhaya

Izilwane ezifuywayo zingaba yizilwane ezifuywayo, kepha akuzona njalo. Iqembu lezilwane ukuthi kuwo wonke umlando zazikhethwa ngokwemvelo nangofuzo ukuxhumana kwazo nabantu kanye nezici ezithile ezijwayelekile. Ukuthi isilwane sithathwa njengesasekhaya akusho ukuthi siyakwazi ukuhlala endlini, ingasaphathwa eyokuhlala ehokweni. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuvela ePeritoAnimal sichaza yiziphi izilwane ezifuywayo, izinhlobo ezingama-49 eziyingxenye yalesi sigaba eBrazil kanye neminye imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nalokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezigaba.

Izilwane zasekhaya

Izilwane ezifuywayo, empeleni, yizilwane ezifuywe ngabantu, okuhlukile kokuthanjiswa. Yizo zonke izinhlanga nezinhlobo ezikhethwe kuwo wonke umlando ezazijwayele ukwenziwa ngokwemvelo noma ngokofuzo ukuze zihlale nabantu. Ngokuya ngocwaningo olushicilelwe ngu Uhlelo lwaseBrazil Lokonga Izinsiza Zofuzo Lwezilwane ^[1], izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezifuywayo eBrazil zakhiwe kusuka ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni ezalethwa abahlaseli basePutukezi abahlasela amakoloni futhi ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhethwa kwemvelo kwase kuthuthukisa izici ezivumelaniswe nemvelo.

IBAMA ^[2] cabanga ukuthi kanjani izilwane zasekhaya:

Zonke lezo zilwane okwathi, ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zendabuko nezinhlelo ezihleliwe zokuphatha kanye / noma ukuthuthuka kwe-zootechnical, zaba zasekhaya, ziveza izici zebhayoloji nezokuziphatha ezincike kakhulu kumuntu, futhi ezingaletha i-phenotype eguquguqukayo, ehlukile kunezinhlobo zasendle ezaqala kuzo.

Asikho isilinganiso sokuziphendukela kwemvelo esiqondile sazo zonke izilwane ezifuywayo njengoba le nqubo yaqala eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kwempucuko yasendulo. Ngokusho kwendatshana ekhishwe ephephabhukwini lesayensi i-Nature ^[3], izimpisi zingokhokho bezinja futhi zafuywa okungenani eminyakeni engama-33,000 eyedlule, mhlawumbe zazihlala endaweni yesilwane sokuqala esifuywe ngabantu, saphumelela ngezilwane zasemapulazini, ngokusho kombiko oshicilelwe ku-National Geographic ^[4].

Amakati, nawo, afuywa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eyedlule, esikhathini seNeolithic, kudala ngaphambi kokuba abantu baphoqelele ukuwela ukuzalanisa ukwenza izici ezithile. Ngokusho kwendatshana ekhishwe ephephabhukwini lesayensi i-Nature ^[5], ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi ukwenziwa kwabo ngenhloso 'kwasekhaya' kwaqala eNkathini Ephakathi kuphela.

Izilwane ezifuywayo zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezingaphansi:

Izinhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo

• Izilwane ezifuywayo (noma izilwane ezihambisana nazo);
• Izilwane zasepulazini nezinkomo;
• Izilwane ezithwala impahla noma izilwane ezisebenzayo.

Yize kungewona umthetho, kunezici ezejwayelekile ezitholakala ezilwaneni eziningi ezifuywayo:

• Zikhula ngokushesha futhi zinomjikelezo wokuphila omfushane uma kuqhathaniswa;
• Bazala ngokwemvelo ekuthunjweni;
• Amelana futhi anokuguquguquka okuphezulu.

izilwane ezifuywayo nezasendle

Isilwane sasendle singakwazi ukuthanjiswa, kodwa asikwazi ukuthanjiswa. Lokho wukuthi, isimilo sayo singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zasendaweni, kepha asibi isilwane esifuywayo futhi asizimisele ukwenza lokho.

Izilwane zasendle

Izilwane zasendle, noma ngabe zivela ezweni esihlala kulo, azikaze kufanele iphathwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Akukho emthethweni ukugcina izilwane zasendle njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uthambise. Ukufuywa kohlobo lwesilwane kuthatha amakhulu eminyaka futhi akuyona inqubo engafinyelelwa ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesibonelo esisodwa. Ngaphezu kokuthi lokhu kuzophikisana nokuziphatha kohlobo futhi kukhuthaze ukuzingelwa kwabantu ngokungemthetho kanye nokuphucwa inkululeko yabo.

EBrazil nasemhlabeni jikelele, ezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala njengezilwane ezifuywayo futhi okungafanele zibe ezinye zezinhlobo zofudu, izinhlayiya zemishudo, imichamo yasemhlabeni, phakathi kokunye.

Isivumelwano se-CITES

O isiminyaminya esingekho emthethweni wezinto eziphilayo ezenzeka phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene emhlabeni kuyiqiniso. Izilwane nezitshalo kukhishwa ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, kubangele ukungalingani ohlelweni lwezemvelo, emnothweni nasemphakathini. Ukulwa nokushushumbiswa kwalezi zilwane nezitshalo, isivumelwano se-CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) sazalwa ngawo-1960 futhi sihlose ukuvikela izilwane ezisengozini noma ezisengozini, phakathi kwezinye izizathu. . Ifaka phakathi izinhlobo zezilwane ezingama-5,800 nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-30,000.

Izilwane ezingaphandle

Ukushushumbiswa nokutholakala kwezilwane ezingajwayelekile, okungekho emthethweni ezimweni eziningi, ngaphezu kokubanga ukulimala okungenakulungiswa ezilwaneni, kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi, njengoba zingathwala izifo ezihlasela izindawo zazo ezivela kuzo. Izilwane eziningi ezingaphandle esingazithenga zivela ezimotweni ezingekho emthethweni, ngoba lezi zinhlobo azizaleli ekuthunjweni.

Ngesikhathi sokubanjwa nokudluliswa, ngaphezulu kwezilwane ezingama-90% ziyafa. Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, uma isilwane sisinda ukuze sifinyelele ekhaya lethu, sisengaphunyuka futhi sizimise njenge- izinhlobo ezihlaselayo, kuqeda izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kubhubhise ukulingana kwemvelo.

Ngokusho kwe-IBAMA^[2], izilwane zasendle ezingajwayelekile:

yizo zonke lezo zilwane ezingezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane noma izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba okusatshalaliswa kwazo okungafaki iBrazil Territory nezinhlobo zezinhlobo noma izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezilethwe ngumuntu, kufaka phakathi izilwane ezifuywayo endaweni yezulu noma ephakeme. Izinhlobo noma izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezethulwe ngaphandle kwemingcele yaseBrazil namanzi asezandleni zayo futhi ezingene eBrazil Territory nazo zithathwa njengezijwayelekile.

Iyingozi njengezilwane ezifuywayo

Ngokungeziwe ekuphatheni okungavunyelwe, kunezilwane ezithile eziyingozi kakhulu kubantu, ngenxa yobukhulu bazo noma ulaka lwazo. Phakathi kwabo, singathola i-coati ne-iguana.

Uhlu lwezilwane ezifuywayo

Uhlu lwezilwane ezifuywayo (izilwane ezicatshangelwa ukuthi zifuyiwe ngenjongo yokusebenza) ze IBAMA kanje:

• izinyosi (Apis mellifera);
• I-Alpaca (pacos udaka);
• IsibunguIBombyx sp);
• Inyathi (bubalus bubalis);
• Imbuzi (i-capra hircus);
• Inja (izindlu zezinja ezijwayelekile);
• Ikhukhi (Nymphicus hollandicus);
• Ikamela (UCamelus Bactrianus);
• Igundane (Mus musculus);
• I-Kingdom Canary noma i-Canary yaseBelgium (USarinus canarius);
• Ihhashi (equus caballus);
• I-Chinchilla (lanigera chinchilla kuphela uma kukhuliswe ekuthunjweni);
• I-Black Swan (ICygnus atratus);
• Ingulube yaseGuinea noma ingulube (cavia porcellus);
• Izigwaca zaseChina (Coturnix coturnix);
• Unogwaja (I-Oryctolagus cuniculus);
• Idayimane likaGould (I-Chloebiagouldiae);
• Isi-Mandarin Diamond (I-Taeniopygia guttata);
• I-Dromedary (UCamelus dromedarius);
• I-Escargot (Helix sp);
• I-Collared Pheasant (i-Phasianus colchicus);
• Izinkomo (i-taurus enhle);
• Izinkomo zakwaZebhu (bos indicus);
• Inyama yenkukhu (Galus yasekhaya);
• inyoni yeginea (UNumida meleagris kukhiqizwe kabusha ekuthunjweni);
• ihansi (I-Anser sp.);
• Ihansi laseCanada (Branta canadensis);
• INayile Goose (alopochen aegypticus);
• ikati (UFelis catus);
• I-Hamster (Cricetus Cricetus);
• Imbongolo (i-equus asinus);
• i-llama (udaka lwe-glam);
• UManon (Lonchura striata);
• UMallard (Anas sp);
• Isibungu;
• Izimvu (ovis aries);
• idada likaCarolinaAix sponsa);
• Isi-Mandarin Duck (I-Aix galericulata);
• Ipigogo (Pavo cristatus);
• Ukumunca ipartridge (I-Alectoris chukar);
• I-parakeet yase-Australia (I-Melopsittacus undulatus);
• I-Peru (UMeleagris gallopavo);
• I-Phaeton (I-Neochmia phaeton);
• Ijuba leDayimane (UCunette Geopelia);
• Ijuba lasekhaya (Columba livia);
• Ingulube (sus scrofa);
• igundane (URattus norvegicus):
• Igundane (rattus rattus)
• I-Tadorna (I-Tadorna sp).

izinyoni ezifuywayo

Yize uhlu olungenhla lwezilwane ezifuywayo lusikisela izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinjengehansi, i-turkey noma ipigogo, akuzona zonke okufanelekile ukuba nazo ekhaya elijwayelekile ngaphandle kokuthi uhlala epulazini noma epulazini. Eqinisweni, kulabo abakholelwa ukuthi indawo yezinyoni isendalweni hhayi esibayeni, azikho izinhlobo ezilungile.

I-PeritoAnimal inokuthunyelwe okungaba yizinhlobo eziyi-6 zezinyoni ezifuywayo okufanele zibe nazo ekhaya futhi siphakamisa ukuthi uyihlole. Ngokuphikisana nalokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo, ama-macaws, amapholi, ama-toucans nezinye izinhlobo ezingekho ohlwini akuzona izinyoni ezifuywayo futhi kubhekwa nezinto ezingekho emthethweni ubugebengu bezemvelo.^[6]

Ngokwehlu olwethulwe ngenhla, izinyoni ezifuywayo yilezi:

• Ikhukhi (Nymphicus hollandicus);
• I-Kingdom Canary noma i-Canary yaseBelgium (USarinus canarius);
• I-Black Swan (ICygnus atratus);
• Izigwaca zesiShayina (I-Coturnix Coturnix);
• Idayimane likaGould (I-Chloebiagouldiae);
• Isi-Mandarin Diamond (I-Taeniopygia guttata);
• I-Collared Pheasant (i-Phasianus colchicus);
• Inkukhu (Galus domesticus);
• inyoni yeginea (UNumida meleagris kukhiqizwe kabusha ekuthunjweni);
• ihansi (I-Anser sp.);
• Ihansi laseCanada (Branta canadensis);
• INayile Goose (alopochen aegypticus);
• UManon (umembeso);
• IMallard (Anas sp);
• idada likaCarolina (Aix sponsa);
• Isi-Mandarin Duck (I-Aix galericulata);
• Ipigogo (Pavo cristatus);
• Ukumunca ipartridge (I-Alectoris chukar);
• I-parakeet yase-Australia (I-Melopsittacus undulatus);
• I-Peru (UMeleagris gallopavo);
• I-Phaeton (I-Neochmia phaeton);
• Ijuba leDayimane (UCunette Geopelia);
• Ijuba lasekhaya (Columba livia);
• I-Tadorna (I-Tadorna sp).

amagundane asekhaya

Okufanayo kuya kumagundane, amaningi asohlwini, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi anconywa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngokuya nge-IBAMA, izilwane ezithathwa njengezifuywayo eBrazil zingokulandelayo:

• Igundane (Mus musculus)
• I-Chinchilla (lanigera chinchilla kuphela uma kukhuliswe ekuthunjweni);
• Ingulube yaseGuinea noma ingulube (cavia porcellus);
• I-Hamster (Cricetus Cricetus);
• igundane (URattus norvegicus):
• Igundane (rattus rattus).

Khumbula ukuthi onogwaja (I-Oryctolagus cuniculus) nazo ziyizilwane ezifuywayo, noma kunjalo, ngokwezentela, azibhekwa njengamagundane, okuphikisana nalokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo. onogwaja banjalo lagomorphs ezinemikhuba yamagundane. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, siphakamisa ukuthi kufundwe i-athikili echazayo Amaqiniso ayi-15 amnandi ngonogwaja.