-Delile
- Incazelo yokulingiswa kwezilwane
- Izinhlobo Zokulingisa Kwezilwane
- Ukulingisa kukaMullerian
- I-Aposematism
- Ukulingisa kweBatesian
- Ezinye izinhlobo zokulingiswa kwezilwane
- ukulingisa olfactory
- Ukulingisa kwe-Acoustic
- Ukufihla noma ukufihla ezilwaneni
- Izibonelo zezilwane ezizifihla ngokwazo
Ezinye izilwane zinezimo ezithile nemibala lokho badidekile nendawo abahlala kuyo noma nezinye izinto eziphilayo.Abanye bayakwazi ukushintsha umbala okwesikhashana bese bethatha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuzithola futhi imvamisa iyinto yokuhlekisa yokukhohlisa okubonakalayo.
Imimicry ne-cryptis yizindlela eziyisisekelo zokusinda kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, futhi zinikeze izilwane ezinezimo nemibala ehluke kakhulu. Ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe? Kule ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal, sikhombisa konke mayelana ne- ukulingiswa kwezilwane: incazelo, izinhlobo kanye nezibonelo.
Incazelo yokulingiswa kwezilwane
Sikhuluma ngokulingisa lapho ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo zifana nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezingahlobene ngqo nazo. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zidalwa eziphilayo phambanisa izidlo zabo noma izisulu, kubangele ukuheha noma impendulo yokuhoxa.
Kubabhali abaningi, ukulingisa kanye ne-cryptis izindlela ezihlukile. I-Cripsis, njengoba sizobona, inqubo lapho ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo zizifihla khona endaweni ezibazungezile, ngenxa yabo imibala namaphethini efana nayo. Sikhuluma-ke ngombala we-cryptic.
Kokubili ukulingisa kanye ne-cryptis kuyizindlela ze- ukujwayela izidalwa eziphilayo emvelweni.
Izinhlobo Zokulingisa Kwezilwane
Kunempikiswano ezweni lesayensi mayelana nokuthi yini engathathwa njengokulingisa nokuthi yini engeke yakuthatha. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ifayela le- Izinhlobo eziqinile zokulingiswa kwezilwane:
- Ukulingisa kukaMullerian.
- Ukulingisa kweBatesian.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zokulingisa.
Ekugcineni, sizobona ezinye izilwane ezizifihla emvelweni ngenxa yemibala ekhanyayo.
Ukulingisa kukaMullerian
Ukulingisa kweMüllerian kwenzeka lapho izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zikhona iphethini efanayo yombala kanye / noma ukuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili zinezindlela zokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezizidlayo, njenge-stinger, ukuba khona kukashevu noma ukunambitheka okungathandeki neze. Ngenxa yalokhu kulingisa, izidalwa zakho ezivamile zifunda ukubona leli phethini futhi azihlaseli noma yiluphi uhlobo olunalo.
Umphumela walolu hlobo lokulingiswa kwezilwane yilokho zombili izinhlobo zezilwane ziyasinda futhi bangadlulisela izakhi zofuzo enzalweni yabo. Umzingeli ubuye anqobe, ngoba angafunda kalula ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo eziyingozi.
Izibonelo zeMullerian Mimicry
Ezinye izinto ezibonisa lolu hlobo lokulingisa yilezi:
- I-Hymenoptera (Oda i-Hymenoptera): Iminyovu eminingi nezinyosi zinephethini lemibala ephuzi nemnyama, ekhombisa izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezidla ubukhona besihlabi.
- izinyoka zamakhorali (Family Elapidae): zonke izinyoka kulo mndeni imizimba yazo imbozwe izindandatho ezibomvu neziphuzi. Ngakho-ke, zikhomba ezilwaneni ezidlayo ukuthi zinobuthi.
I-Aposematism
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lezi zilwane zine- Umbala okhanyayo lokho kudonsela ukunaka kwesilwane esidla ezinye, okubaxwayisa ngengozi noma ukunambitheka okungalungile. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-aposematism futhi iphikisana ne-cryptsis, inqubo yokufihla esizobona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Aposmatism uhlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwezilwane.
Ukulingisa kweBatesian
Ukulingisa kweBatesian kwenzeka lapho izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu aposematic futhi ifana kakhulu ngokubukeka, kodwa empeleni munye wabo kuphela ohlome ngezindlela zokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Enye yaziwa njenge-copycat species.
Umphumela walolu hlobo lokulingisa ukuthi izinhlobo zokukopisha ikhonjwe njengeyingozi ngumzingeli. Kodwa-ke, akuyona ingozi noma ayinambitheki, kumane nje "kuyimpoqo". Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zonge amandla ezizoba nazo ekutshaleni izindlela zokuzivikela.
Izibonelo zeBatesian Mimicry
Ezinye izilwane ezibonisa lolu hlobo lokulingisa yilezi:
- sama-irphids (Sirfidae): lezi zimpukane zinamaphethini wombala ofanayo nowezinyosi neminyovu; ngakho-ke izilwane ezidla ezinye zizihlonza njengezingozi. Kodwa-ke, abanaso isiteki sokuzivikela.
- amakhorali angamanga (isibaniunxantathu): Lolu uhlobo lwenyoka engenabuthi enephethini yombala efana kakhulu neyezinyoka zamakhorali (i-Elapidae), empeleni ezinobuthi.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokulingiswa kwezilwane
Ngenkathi sivame ukucabanga ngokulingisa njengento ebonakalayo, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokulingisa, njenge i-olfactory ne-auditory.
ukulingisa olfactory
Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sokulingisa okunomsoco yizimbali ezikhiphayo izinto ezinuka kamnandi ifana kakhulu nama-pheromones ezinyosi. Ngakho-ke, abesilisa basondela ezimbalini becabanga ukuthi yinsikazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, bayayifaka impova. Kuyindaba yohlobo Izinkemba (ama-orchid).
Ukulingisa kwe-Acoustic
Ngokuqondene nokulingiswa kwe-acoustic, isibonelo yi- i-acantiza chestnut (Acanthiza pusilla), inyoni yase-Australia leyo ulingisa izimpawu ze-alamu zezinye izinyoni. Ngakho-ke, lapho zihlaselwa yisilwane esiphakathi nendawo, zilingisa izimpawu ezivezwa ezinye izinhlobo lapho uklebe lusondela. Ngenxa yalokho, umhlaseli ojwayelekile uyabaleka noma athathe isikhathi eside ukuhlasela.
Ukufihla noma ukufihla ezilwaneni
Ezinye izilwane zinayo imibala noma amaphethini wokudweba ezibavumela ukuba bahlangane nendawo ebazungezile. Ngale ndlela, azinakwa ezinye izilwane. Le ndlela yaziwa njenge i-crypt noma i-cryptic coloration.
Amakhosi ama-cryptis, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ama-chameleon (umndeni Chamaeleonidae). Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyakwazi ukushintsha umbala wesikhumba sazo kuye ngemvelo ezikuyo. Benza lokhu ngenxa yama-nanocrystals ajoyinayo futhi ahlukanise, abonisa ubude bamaza ehlukene. Kulesi sihloko esinye sePeritoAnimal, ungafunda ukuthi unwabu luguqula kanjani umbala.
Izibonelo zezilwane ezizifihla ngokwazo
Inani lezilwane ezizifihla emvelweni ngenxa yemibala efihlekile alinakubalwa. Nazi izibonelo:
- Izinkumbi (Suborder Caelifera): Ziyizisulu ezizithandayo zezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke zinemibala efana kakhulu nendawo ezihlala kuyo.
- Isigcilikisha samaMoor (Umndeni waseGekkonidae): lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zizifihla emadwaleni nasezindongeni zilinde inyamazane yazo.
- izinyoni zasebusuku ezidla inyama (Strigiformes oda): lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke zazo emigodini yezihlahla. Amaphethini wombala wabo kanye nokwakheka kwabo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuwabona, noma ngabe bacathama.
- Mantis othandazayo (I-oda le-Mantodea): ama-mantis amaningi athandazayo ahlangana nendawo yawo ngenxa yemibala efihlekile. Abanye balingisa amahlumela, amaqabunga ngisho nezimbali.
- Izicabucabu ze-Crab (thomisus SPP.)
- Ama-octopus (Oda i-Octopoda): njengonwabu kanye ne-sepia, bashintsha umbala wabo ngokushesha kuye nge-substrate lapho betholakala khona.
- ibhu le-birch (Isitolo sokubheja iBiston): yizilwane ezifihla amagxolo amhlophe ezihlahla ze-birch. Lapho inguquko yezimboni ifika eNgilandi, uthuli lwamalahle lwanqwabelana ezihlahleni, lwalujika lwaba mnyama. Ngalesi sizathu, izimvemvane ezisendaweni zivele zaba mnyama.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Ukulingiswa kwezilwane - Incazelo, izinhlobo kanye nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.