-Delile
- Kuyini ukuphefumula kwetreacheal?
- Ukuphefumula izinambuzane zokuphefumula
- Ukuphefumula kwezinambuzane ezinambuzaneni nasekushintshaneni kwegesi
- Ukuphefumula komgudu wezilwane zasemanzini
- Ukuphefumula komzila wezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-biziguli zethracheal
- Ukuphefumula kobuhlungu bezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa futhiukuvunguza okusebenzayo
- Ukuphefumula komzila wezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-bigatsha lomzimba
- I-Tracheal Breathing: Izibonelo
Njengama-vertebrate, izilwane ezingenamgogodla nazo zidinga ukuphefumula ukuze ziqhubeke ziphila. Indlela yokuphefumula yalezi zilwane yehluke kakhulu, isibonelo, ezilwaneni ezincelisayo noma izinyoni. Umoya awungeni ngomlomo njengoba kwenzeka emaqenjini ezilwane okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, kodwa ngokusebenzisa ukuvuleka isatshalaliswa emzimbeni wonke.
Lena uhlobo lokuphefumula kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ku- izinambuzane, iqembu lezilwane ezinezinhlobo eziningi zeplanethi yoMhlaba, yingakho kule ndatshana yePeritoIzilwane sizochaza ukuthi kuyini ukuphefumula okunamathambo ezilwaneni futhi sizonikeza izibonelo ezithile.
Kuyini ukuphefumula kwetreacheal?
THE ukuphefumula kwetreacheal uhlobo lokuphefumula olwenzeka kuma-invertebrate, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane. Lapho izilwane zincane noma zidinga umoya-mpilo omncane, ungena esilwaneni ngokwanda ngesikhumba, okungukuthi, esivuna umugqa wokuhlushwa, futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo somzamo ohlangothini lwesilwane.
Ezinambuzaneni ezinkulu noma ngezikhathi zomsebenzi omkhulu, njengesikhathi sokundiza, isilwane sizodinga ukuphefumula ukuze umoya ungene emzimbeni waso ama-pores noma ama-spiracles esikhunjeni, okuholela ezakhiweni ezibizwa tracheolas, futhi ukusuka lapho kuya kumaseli.
Ama-pores angahlala evulekile, noma eminye imigoqo yomzimba ingavuleka, ukuze isisu nesifuba kuzobe kudonsa amanzi, njengoba kuthi lapho becindezelwe, bazongenisa umoya ungene, futhi lapho benweba, bazodedela umoya uphume ngezikhala. Ngesikhathi sokundiza, izinambuzane zingasebenzisa le misipha ukupompa umoya ngokusebenzisa izipopolo.
Ukuphefumula izinambuzane zokuphefumula
Uhlelo lokuphefumula lwalezi zilwane ngu ithuthukiswe kakhulu. Kwakhiwa ngamashubhu agcwaliswe ngumoya ahlangana emzimbeni wesilwane. Ukuphela kwamagatsha yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi tracheola, futhi umsebenzi wawo ukusabalalisa umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba.
Umoya ufinyelela ohlelweni lwe-tracheal ngokusebenzisa i- imiphefumulo, izimbotshana ezivuleka ebusweni bomzimba wesilwane. Kusuka kusiyingi ngasinye igatsha leshubhu, liba lincane lize lifinyelele ku-tracheolae, lapho ukushintshaniswa kwegesi.
Ingxenye yokugcina ye-tracheola igcwele uketshezi, futhi kuphela lapho isilwane sisebenza kakhulu lapho lolu ketshezi lususwa ngendiza emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mashubhu axhumene nomunye, anakho ukuxhumana kwe-longitudinal ne-transverse, ezaziwa njenge i-anastomosis.
Ngokunjalo, kwezinye izinambuzane kuyenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe amasaka omoya, okungukukhuliswa kwala mashubhu futhi angahlala amaphesenti amaningi esilwane, asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukunyakaza komoya.
Ukuphefumula kwezinambuzane ezinambuzaneni nasekushintshaneni kwegesi
Lokho uhlobo lokuphefumula ube nohlelo ukuyeka ukusebenza. Izilwane zigcina imishanguzo yazo ivaliwe, ukuze umoya ozoba sezinqoleni zomgwaqo yiwona ozodlula lapho kushintshaniswa ngegesi. Inani le-oksijini eliqukethwe emzimbeni wesilwane liyancipha futhi, kunalokho, inani le-carbon dioxide liyakhula.
Lapho-ke imimoya iqala ukuvula nokuvala ngokuqhubekayo, kubangela ukuguquguquka nokukhishwa kwesikhutha esithile. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, imigoqo ivuleka kuphume yonke i-carbon dioxide, ngaleyo ndlela ibuyise amazinga e-oxygen.
Hlangana nezilwane eziyi-12 eziphefumula ngesikhumba kulesi sihloko nguPeritoAnimal.
Ukuphefumula komgudu wezilwane zasemanzini
Isinambuzane esihlala emanzini asikwazi ukuvula izintambo zaso ngaphakathi, ngoba umzimba waso ubungagcwala amanzi bese sifa. Kulezi zimo, kunezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene zokushintshaniswa kwegesi:
Ukuphefumula komzila wezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-biziguli zethracheal
Lawa amagill asebenza ngokufana nemisuka yezinhlanzi. Amanzi angena futhi kuphela umoya-mpilo okuwo odlulela ohlelweni lokudotshwa kwamathambo, okuzoletha umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke amaseli. La ma-gill angatholakala engxenyeni engaphandle, yangaphakathi yomzimba, ngemuva kwesisu.
Ukuphefumula kobuhlungu bezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa futhiukuvunguza okusebenzayo
Yizindilinga ezikwazi ukuvula noma ukuvala. Endabeni yesibungu somiyane, zisusa ingxenye yokugcina yesisu emanzini, zivule izipopolo, ziphefumule bese zibuyela emanzini.
Ukuphefumula komzila wezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa i-bigatsha lomzimba
Kulokhu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Iyacindezelwa: isilwane sikhuphukela phezulu bese sibamba i-bubble yomoya. Leli bubble lisebenza njengodoti, kanti isilwane sikwazi ukudonsa umoya-mpilo emanzini ngaso. Isikhutha lapho isilwane esizokhiqiza singadluliselwa kalula emanzini. Uma lubhukuda kakhulu noma lucwila ngokujule, leli bhola lizothola ingcindezi enkulu bese lincipha libe lincane, ngakho-ke isilwane kuzodingeka siphume ukuze sithole igwebu elisha.
- Ayinakuqhathaniswa noma i-plastron: Leli bubble ngeke lishintshe usayizi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka lingachazeki. Umshini uyefana, kepha isilwane sinezigidi zezinwele ze-hydrophobic esifundeni esincane kakhulu somzimba waso, okwenza ukuthi i-bubble ihlale ivaliwe esakhiweni ngakho-ke, ayisoze yancipha.
Ubuwazi ukuthi kunezinhlanzi zamaphaphu? Lokho wukuthi, baphefumula ngamaphaphu abo. Funda kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lokuphefumula kule ndatshana yezilwane iPerito.
I-Tracheal Breathing: Izibonelo
Esinye sezilwane ongasibona kalula emvelweni ngumbhali wamanzi (IGyrinusumsunguli). Leli bhungane elincane lamanzi liphefumula ngegill ebonakalayo.
Wena izimpungushe, nezinambuzane zasemanzini, ngesikhathi sazo sokuba yisibungu nentsha, phefumula ngezinhlungu zethambo. Lapho befika esimweni somuntu omdala, bashiya amanzi, balahlekelwe yizifo zabo bese beqala ukuphefumula ku-trachea. Okufanayo kuya ezilwaneni ezinjengomiyane nojekamanzi.
Izintethe, izintuthwane, izinyosi neminyovu, njengezinye izinambuzane eziningi zomhlaba, zigcina i-a ukuphefumula komoya kuyo yonke impilo.
Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- I-Tracheal Breathing: Incazelo Nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.