Izinhlobo Zekati - Izici Nezibonelo

Umlobi: Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa: 8 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 14 Udisemba 2024
Anonim
Izinhlobo zemisho yesiZulu nezibonelo
Ividiyo: Izinhlobo zemisho yesiZulu nezibonelo

-Delile

Ngokuvamile, sazi njengamalungu omndeni we-felid (Felidae). Lezi zilwane ezitelekayo zingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezisemaphandleni naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Oceania. Ngokusobala lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela uma sikhipha ikati elifuywayo (UFelis catus), eyasatshalaliswa umhlaba wonke ngosizo lwabantu.

Umndeni we-felid uhlanganisa izizukulwane eziyi-14 nezinhlobo ezingama-41 ezichaziwe. Ngabe ufuna ukuhlangana nabo? Uma kunjalo, ungaphuthelwa le ndatshana kaPeritoAnimal mayelana nokuhlukile izinhlobo zamakati, izici zayo nezibonelo ezithile.

Izici ze-Feline

Zonke izinhlobo zama-felines noma ama-felids anochungechunge lwezici ezivamile ezibavumela ukuba baqoqwe ndawonye. Lezi ngezinye zazo:


  • Izilwane ezincelisayo umgogodla: imizimba yabo imbozwe izinwele, bazala imidlwane yabo esivele yakhiwe futhi bayayondla ngobisi abalukhipha ngamabele abo.
  • Izidliwayo: ngaphakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, ama-fining angaphansi kwe-oda leCarnivora. Njengawo wonke amanye amalungu alo myalelo, amakati adla ezinye izilwane.
  • isitayela somzimba: Onke amakati anomzimba ofana nawo uwavumela ukuthi agijime ngejubane elikhulu. Banemisipha enamandla nomsila obanikeza ukulinganisela okukhulu. Ekhanda lakhe, isifonyo sayo esifushane namazinyo acijile kuyabonakala.
  • uzipho olukhulu: Yiba nezipikili eziqinile, ezilengisiwe ezingaphakathi komgodla. Bazisusa kuphela uma bezisebenzisa.
  • Usayizi oguquguqukayo kakhulu: izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakati zingaba nesisindo kusuka ku-1 kg, esimweni sekati lokugqwala (Prionailurus rubiginosus), kufika ku-300 kg, endabeni yengwe (ingwe yehlosi).
  • izidlakela: zonke lezi zilwane zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Babamba izisulu zabo ngokubacathamela noma ngokuzijaha.

Amakilasi ekati

Njengamanje, kukhona kuphela imindeni emibili ye-felids:


  • Felinos iqiniso (Subfamily Felinae): ifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezincane nezisemaphakathi ezingakwazi ukubhonga.
  • FORokwedlule (Pantherinae subfamily): kufaka phakathi amakati amakhulu. Ukwakheka kwezintambo zezwi kuzo kuzivumela ukuba zibhonge.

Kuwo wonke lo mbhalo, sibukeza zonke izinhlobo zamakati ezitholakala kulelinye lala maqembu.

Izinhlobo zamakati weqiniso

Amalungu omndeni omncane waseFelinidae aziwa njengama-fining weqiniso. Imayelana ne- Izinhlobo ezingama-34 ezincane noma eziphakathi nendawo. Umehluko wayo omkhulu nama-panther felines usecingweni lwayo. Amanothi abo wezwi alula kunama-panther's, yingakho ayikwazi ukwenza ukubhonga kwangempela. Kodwa-ke, zingahlanza.

Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu singathola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-fimin noma ama-strains. Ukuqoqwa kwabo kusekelwe ekuhlobaneni kwabo kofuzo. Zimi kanje:


  • Amakati
  • Amakati engwe
  • cougar nezihlobo
  • Amakati we-Indo-Malayan
  • bobcats
  • Izingwe noma ikati lasendle
  • Caracal nezihlobo

Amakati (UFelis spp.)

amakati akha uhlobo lohlobo UFelis, okubandakanya ezinye ze- izinhlobo ezincane kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-fimin. Ngalesi sizathu, zondla izilwane ezinosayizi owehlisiwe, njengamagundane, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni. Zijwayele nokudla izinambuzane ezinkulu njengezintethe.

Zonke izinhlobo zamakati zasendle zibonakala nge- ukuzingela uzingela futhi ebusuku, ngenxa yombono wasebusuku othuthukiswe kakhulu. Zisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elase-Eurasia nase-Afrika, ngaphandle kwekati elifuywayo (UFelis catus), i-feline ekhethwe ngabantu kusuka ekati lasendle lase-Afrika (F. lybica). Kusukela lapho, uye wahamba nezinhlobo zethu njengoba sihamba amazwekazi neziqhingi.

Ubulili UFelis Kwakhiwe ngu Izinhlobo ezi-6:

  • I-Jungle Cat noma i-Swamp Lynx (F. byes)
  • Ikati elithukuthele nezidladla ezimnyama (nigripes)
  • Ugwadule noma ikati laseSahara (F. margarita)
  • Ikati lasogwadule laseChina (F. bieti)
  • Ikati lezintaba laseYurophu (F. sylvestris)
  • Ikati lasendle lase-Afrika (F. lybica)
  • ikati elifuywayo (F. catus)

Amakati engwe

Amakati engwe ayizinhlobo zohlobo. Prionailurus, ngaphandle kwekati Manul (Ibhukwana le-Otocolobus). Zonke zisatshalaliswe eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseziqhingini zaseMalay.

Lawa makati nawo asebusuku, yize ehluka ngosayizi nokuziphatha. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i- uhlobo oluncane kakhulu lekati emhlabeni, eyaziwa njenge-rust cat (P. rubiginosus). Linganisa amasentimitha angama-40 kuphela. Ikati labadobi nalo liyagqama (P. viverinus), okuwukuphela kwesibindi esisekela ukudla kwaso ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlanzi.

Eqoqweni lamakati engwe singathola lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

  • IManul noma iPallas Cat (Ibhukwana le-Otocolobus)
  • Ukugqwala kwekati noma ukugqwala okupendiwe (I-Prionailurus rubiginosus)
  • ikati elinekhanda eliyisicaba (P. amaplanethi)
  • ikati lokudoba (P. viverinus)
  • ingwe ikati (P. bengalensis)
  • Sunda ingwe ikati (P. javanensis)

cougar nezihlobo

Kuleli qembu kunezinhlobo ezi-3 okuthi, yize zibukeka, zihlobene kakhulu nezofuzo:

  • Ingulule (I-Acinonyx jubatus)
  • Ikati lamaMoor noma iJaguarundi (herpaiurus yagouaroundi)
  • I-Puma noma i-puma (I-Puma concolor)

Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ezinye zezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zamakati. Ziyizidlakela ezishesha kakhulu ze- imikhuba yasemini. Ingulule ikhetha izindawo ezomile nezomile, lapho ilinda khona inyamazane yayo, eduze kakhulu nemithombo yamanzi. I-cougar, noma kunjalo, ivame kakhulu ezintabeni eziphakeme.

Uma lezi zinhlobo zamakati zivelela noma yini, kungenxa yejubane abangalithola, ngenxa yabo umzimba side futhi isitayela. Isilwane esisheshayo emhlabeni ingulule, esidlula kalula i-100 km / h. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuzingela inyamazane yabo ngokuzingela.

Amakati we-Indo-Malayan

Lawa makati angenye yezinhlobo ezingaziwa kakhulu zama-felines ngenxa yokushoda kwawo. Bahlala esifundeni se-Indo-Malay seNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi babonakala ngobuhle babo obuyingqayizivele futhi imibala yegolide. Amaphethini abo ombala abavumela ukuba bahlangane namahlamvu omhlabathi namagxolo ezihlahla.

Kuleli qembu sithola izinhlobo ezintathu zamakati:

  • Ikati eliMarbled (marmorata pardofelis)
  • Ikati elibomvu le-Borneo (ICatopuma badia)
  • I-Asian Golden Cat (C. temminckii)

bobcats

Ama-bobcats (I-Lynx spp.) zingama-felids aphakathi nendawo anezindawo ezimnyama emzimbeni. Zibonakala kakhulu nge unomsila omfishane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezindlebe ezinkulu, ezicijile, ezigcina ngoplamu omnyama. Lokhu kubanikeza ukuzwa okuhle abakusebenzisayo ukuthola isisulu sabo. Zondla kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi njengonogwaja noma ama-lagomorphs.

Kulolu hlobo lwama-felines kufakiwe Izinhlobo ezi-4:

  • I-American Red Lynx (L. rufus)
  • ILynx yaseCanada (L. canadensis)
  • I-Eurasian Lynx (L. lynx)
  • I-Iberian Lynx (L. pardinus)

amakati noma izingwe zasendle

Sijwayele ukwazi njengamakati asendle ama-feline ohlobo lohlobo Ingwe. Zisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke iNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, ngaphandle kwe-Ocelot, enabantu eningizimu yeNyakatho Melika.

Lezi zinhlobo zamakati zibonakala ngokuba ne- amabala amnyama ngesizinda esiphuzi ngokuphuzi. Usayizi wazo uphakathi nendawo futhi zondla izilwane ezifana nama-opossum nezinkawu ezincane.

Kuleli qembu singathola izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

  • Ikati le-Andes ikati lezintaba ze-Andes (UJacobite L.)
  • I-Ocelot noma i-Ocelot (L. undlunkulu)
  • Ikati leMaracajá noma iMaracajá (L. wiedii)
  • Ikati likaHaystack noma lePampas (L. colocolo)
  • Ikati Lezingwe ZaseNingizimuUL.isisu)
  • Ikati laseNyakatho Tiger (L. tigrinus)
  • Ikati lasendle (L. geoffroyi)
  • Ikati laseChile (L. guigna)

Caracal nezihlobo

Kuleli qembu lamakati kufakiwe Izinhlobo ezi-3 okuhlobene nezakhi zofuzo:

  • Iseva (I-Serval Leptailurus)
  • Ikati legolide lase-Afrika (i-aurata caracal)
  • I-Caracal (C. isidumbu)

Zonke lezi zinhlobo zamakati zihlala e-Afrika, ngaphandle kwe-caracal, etholakala naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Lokhu kanye neserval bakhetha izindawo ezomile nezingawugwadule, kuyilapho ikati legolide lase-Afrika lihlala emahlathini avaliwe kakhulu. Zonke ziyaziwa ukuthi zikhona izidlakela eziyisitshontsho yezilwane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi, ikakhulukazi izinyoni namagundane amakhulu.

Izinhlobo Zamakati ePherher

Ama-Panther angamalungu omndeni omncane wePantherinae. Lezi zilwane ezidlayo ziyehluka kwezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu ezikhona ngokuba nezintambo ezinde, ezijiyile neziqinile. Isakhiwo salo siyabavumela yenza ukubhonga kwangempela. Yize kuyisici sayo esiyinhloko, ezinye zezinhlobo esizobona azikwazi ukubhonga.

Lo mndeni omncane we-felines wehlukile kakhulu kunalowo owedlule, njengoba izinhlobo zawo eziningi zingasekho. Njengamanje, singathola izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela:

  • ama-panther
  • amakati amakhulu

ama-panther

Yize zaziwa kakhulu njengama-panther, lezi zilwane akuzona ezomdwebo. i-panthera, kepha ukuze umabhebhana. Njengamakati amaningi esiwabonile, ama-panther ahlala eSouth Asia naseziQhingini zase-Indo-Malayan.

Lolu hlobo lwekati lungakhula lube ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu, yize lungabi lukhulu njengezihlobo zalo eziseduze kakhulu. Ziyisisekelo se-arboreal. Khuphuka izihlahla ukuzingela inyamazane noma ugxume ezihlahleni ukuze ubambe izilwane zomhlaba eziphakathi nendawo.

Ubulili umabhebhana ifaka phakathi Izinhlobo ezi-2 abantu obajwayele:

  • I-Cloud Panther (N. nebula)
  • I-Borneo Nebula Panther (N. diardi)

amakati amakhulu

Amalungu ohlobo i-panthera yibo izinhlobo ezinkulu zamakati emhlabeni. Imizimba yabo eqinile, amazinyo abukhali nezinzipho ezinamandla kuzivumela ukuthi zidle izilwane ezinkulu ezinjengezinyamazane, izingulube zasendle ngisho nezingwenya. Ukulwa phakathi kokugcina nengwe (ihlosi), okuyi-feline enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi engafinyelela kuma-kilos angama-300, idume kakhulu.

Cishe wonke amakati amakhulu ahlala e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia, lapho hlala ku-savannah noma ehlathini. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-jaguar (P. onca): ikati elikhulu eMelika. Konke kuyaziwa, ngaphandle kwengwe yeqhwa (P. uncia) abahlala ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zezintaba zase-Asia Ephakathi. Lokhu kungenxa yombala wayo omhlophe, osebenzela ukuzifihla eqhweni.

ngaphakathi kohlobo i-panthera singathola izinhlobo ezi-5:

  • Ingwe (ingwe yehlosi)
  • Ingwe noma ingwe yeqhwa (panthera uncia)
  • I-Jaguar (P. onca)
  • Ingonyama (P. leo).
  • Ingwe noma i-panther (P. ukuxolelwa)

izingqimba ezingasekho

Kubukeka sengathi namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakati, noma kunjalo, esikhathini esedlule kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, sizokutshela okuthe xaxa mayelana nezinhlobo zamakati ezingasekho.

amahlosi ama-saber amazinyo

Amahlosi anamazinyo amaSaber aziwa kakhulu kunawo wonke amanye amachwane asephelile. Naphezu kwegama lazo, lezi zilwane azihlobene namahlosi anamuhla. Eqinisweni, bakha iqembu labo: umndeni omncane waseMachairodontinae. Bonke babonakala ngokuba ne- amazinyo amakhulu kakhulu baphume emlonyeni wabo.

Amazinyo eSaber asatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Izinhlobo zokugcina zanyamalala ekupheleni kwePleistocene, eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 000 eyedlule. Njengamakati wanamuhla, lezi zilwane zazinosayizi oguquguqukayo kakhulu, yize ezinye izinhlobo zazingaba nazo ifinyelele kuma-400 kg. Kuyindaba ye- ISmilodon populator, izinyo laseSouth American saber.

Ezinye izibonelo ze-machairodontinae felines yilezi:

  • Machairodus aphanistus
  • I-Megantereon Cultridens
  • i-homotherium latidens
  • I-Smilodon fatalis

ezinye izingqimba ezingasekho

Ngokungeziwe ku-machairodontinae, kube nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-felines ezingasekho. Lezi ngezinye zazo:

  • ikati lobuso elifushane (pratifelis martini)
  • ikati lika-martellis (UFelis lunensis)
  • I-jaguar yaseYurophu (I-Panthera gombaszoegensis)
  • ingulule yaseMelika (Miracinonyx trumani)
  • ingulule enkulu (I-Acinonyx pardinensis)
  • owen panther (ama-cougar pardoides)
  • ingonyama yaseTuscan (UTuscan Panthera)
  • ingwe longdan (I-Panthera. zdanskyi)

Ama-subspecies amaningi noma izinhlobo zamafelidi ezikhona njengamanje nazo azisekho. Lokhu kunjalo ngengonyama yaseMelika (Panthera leo atrox) noma ihlosi leJava (Uphenyo lwePanthera tigris). ezinye zazo zazikhona shabalala emashumini eminyaka edlule njengomphumela wokulahleka kwendawo yabo yokuhlala nokuzingela kubandlululwa ngabantu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-subspecies nezinhlobo eziningi zamanje zisengozini.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo Zekati - Izici Nezibonelo, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.