Izinhlobo zezinkawu: amagama nezithombe

-Delile

• Isigaba se-infraorder Simiiformes
• Ama-marmosets nama-tamarins
• inkawu ye-capuchin
• inkawu yasebusuku
• Uacaris noma ukhokho
• izinkawu ezikhalayo
• izinkawu zomhlaba ezindala

Izinkawu zihlukaniswa I-Platyrrhine (izinkawu zomhlaba omusha) naku I-Cercopithecoid noma Ama-Catarrhinos (izinkawu zomhlaba ezindala). AmaHominid ayakhishwa kuleli gama, okungaba yizinyamazane ezingenawo umsila, lapho kufakwa khona umuntu.

Izilwane ezinjenge-orangutan, i-chimpanzee, i-gorilla noma ama-gibhoni nazo azifakwanga ezigabeni zesayensi zezinkawu, njengoba lezi zokugcina, ngaphezu kokuba nomsila, zinamathambo akudala kakhulu futhi ziyizilwane ezincane.

Thola ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi kwezinkawu ngokuningiliziwe, lapho kuvezwe khona izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene nemindeni eyisithupha yenkawu kule ndatshana yiPeritoAnimal. Okuhlukile izinhlobo zezinkawu, amagama ezinkawu futhi izinhlanga zemonkey:

Isigaba se-infraorder Simiiformes

Ukuqonda kahle konke mayelana ne izinhlobo zenkawu, kufanele sinikeze imininingwane yokuthi kunenani eliphelele lemindeni ye-6 yezinkawu eziqoqwe kuma-parvorordens ama-2 ahlukene.

IParvordem Platyrrhini: ihlanganisa lezo ezaziwa ngezinkawu zeNew World.

• Umndeni wakwaCallitrichidae - izinhlobo ezingama-42 eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu
• I-Family Cebidae - tinhlobo letingu-17 e-Central kanye nase Ningizimu Melika
• Umndeni we-Aotidae - tinhlobo letingu-11 e-Central kanye nase Ningizimu Melika
• Umndeni Pitheciidae - tinhlobo letingu-54 eNingizimu Melika
• Umndeni Atelidae - tinhlobo letingu-27 e-Central kanye naseNingizimu Melika

Parvordem Catarrhini: Ihlanganisa lezo ezaziwa ngezinkawu ezindala zomhlaba.

• I-Family Cercopithecidae - izinhlobo eziyi-139 e-Afrika nase-Asia

Njengoba sibona, i-infraorder Simiiformes ibanzi kakhulu, inemindeni eminingana nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezinkawu. Lezi zinhlobo zisatshalaliswa cishe ngokulinganayo endaweni yaseMelika nasendaweni yase-Afrika nase-Asia. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi eCatarrhini parvordem kukhona umndeni we-Hominoid, lawo ma-primates angahlukaniswa njengezinkawu.

Ama-marmosets nama-tamarins

amamaki amakhulu noma ICallitrichidae ngamagama abo esayensi, yizinyamazane ezihlala eNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Kulo mndeni kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezi-7 ezihlukene:

• O i-marmoset encane I-primate ehlala e-Amazon futhi ekwazi ukukala ama-39 cm ebudaleni, ingelinye lama-mammosets amancane kunawo wonke akhona.
• O i-pygmy marmoset noma i-marmoset encane uhlala e-Amazon futhi ubonakala ngosayizi wayo omncane, ngokuba yinkawu encane kunazo zonke eqokelwe njengokuvela ezweni elisha.
• O mico-de-goeldi ungumhlali wase-Amazonia futhi obonakala ngejazi lakhe elimnyama nelicwebezelayo, ngaphandle kwesisu, lapho engenazinwele khona. Zinomhlwenga ongafinyelela ku-3 cm ubude.
• Wena ama-marmosets we-neotropical kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinkawu, ezibandakanya ama-marmosets, i-black-tufted marmoset, i-wied marmoset, i-mountain marmoset, i-dark-saw marmoset kanye ne-marmoset ebhekene nomhlophe.
• O Uhlobo lwe-Mico yakhiwa yizinhlobo eziyi-14 zama-marmosets ahlala ehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon nasenyakatho yeParaguay Chaco. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezigqanyisiwe kukhona i-marmoset enomsila wesiliva, i-black-tailed marmoset, iSantarém marmoset kanye ne-golden marmoset.
• Wena amatamarinini ebhubesi izinkawu ezincane ezinegama lejazi elinazo, izinhlobo zahlukaniswa kalula ngemibala yazo. Ahlukile ehlathini lemvula laseBrazil, lapho kutholakala khona i-golden lion tamarin, i-lion-golden lion tamarin, i-black lion tamarin ne-lion tamarin ebuso obumnyama.
• Wena izinkawu, ngaleyo ndlela, kuyisici sokuba nama-canine amancane nama-incisors amade. Lolu hlobo lwama-primates luhlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, lapho kunezinhlobo eziyi-15 eziphelele.

Esithombeni kuvela i-marmoset yesiliva:

inkawu ye-capuchin

emndenini ka cebida, ngegama lalo lesayensi, sithola inani eliphelele lezinhlobo eziyi-17 ezisatshalaliswe kuzizukulwane ezintathu ezihlukene:

• Wena izinkawu capuchin banegama labo esikhunjeni soboya esimhlophe esizungeze ubuso babo, lingalinganisa u-45 cm futhi liqukethe izinhlobo ezi-4, i- I-Cebus capucinus (inkawu ebheke ubuso obumhlophe), I-Cebus olivace (Caiaara), i- AmaCebus albifrons yi- Cebus kaapori.
• Wena sapojus yakhiwe yizinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili futhi zitholakala ezifundeni ezifudumele zaseNingizimu Melika.Zinobumbene ngaphezu kwamaCapuchin futhi zibonakala ngokuba nezicucu emakhanda azo. Ama-Capuchins nama-sapajus angabomndeni UCebidae, nokho, emndenini omncane UCebinae.
• Wena saimiris, ezibizwa nangokuthi izinkawu ze-squirrel noma izinkawu ze-squirrel, zihlala emahlathini aseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, zingatholakala e-Amazon nasePanama naseCosta Rica, kuya ngohlobo lwazo. Zakha izinhlobo ezi-5 sezizonke, ezomndeni UCebidae, nokho, emndenini omncane I-Saimirinae.

Esithombeni ungabona inkawu ye-capuchin:

inkawu yasebusuku

O inkawu yasebusuku kungukuphela kohlobo lwezinkawu emndenini wakwa-Aotidae futhi lungatholakala emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Ingalingana kuze kufike ku-37 cm, ubukhulu obulingana nomsila wayo. Inengubo ephuzi esansundu noma mpunga, emboza izindlebe zayo.

Njengoba igama lalo lisho, kuyisilwane se- imikhuba yasebusuku, enamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, njengezilwane eziningi ezinomsebenzi wobusuku, kanye ne-sclera ewolintshi. Luhlobo olunezinhlobo eziyi-11 sezizonke.

Uacaris noma ukhokho

Wena imikhuba, ngamagama abo esayensi, bangumndeni wezinkawu ezihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, imvamisa ezindawo zokudla.Kulo mndeni kunezigaba ezine kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-54 zizonke:

• Wena ukhokho noma obizwa nangokuthi uacaris, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezi-4 ezaziwayo. Kubonakala ngokuba nomsila mfushane kakhulu kunosayizi womzimba wabo, ezimweni eziningi kungaphansi kwesigamu sosayizi wabo.
• Wena ikhokhsizi ama-primates ahlala eNingizimu Melika, abizwa ngentshebe edume kabi emboze umhlathi, intamo nesifuba. Zinomsila ojiyile osebenzela ukuwalinganisa kuphela. Kulolu hlobo, izinhlobo ezi-5 ezahlukahlukene ziyaziwa.
• Wena parauacus yizimbongolo ezihlala emahlathini ase-Ecuador, lapho kungabonakala khona inani eliphelele lezinhlobo zezinkawu eziyi-16. Kokubili ama-uacaris, i-cuxiú ne-parauacu angokomndeni omncane IPitheciinae, njalo emndenini ovelele IPitheciidae.
• Wena i-callicebus uhlobo lohlobo lwama-primates oluhlala ePeru, eBrazil, eColombia, eParaguay naseBolivia. Zingaba ngu-46 cm bese zinomsila olingana no-10 cm ubude. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-30 seziphelele, ezomndeni omncane UCallicebinae nomndeni IPitheciidae.

Emfanekisweni ungabona isibonelo se-uacari:

izinkawu ezikhalayo

Izinkawu Ababekhona bangabomndeni wezinkawu ezitholakala kuyo yonke iMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kubandakanya nengxenye eseningizimu yeMexico. Kulo mndeni, izinhlobo ezi-5 nezinhlobo ezingama-27 sezizonke zifakiwe:

• Wena izinkawu ezihewula yizilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi zingatholakala kalula e-Argentina naseningizimu yeMexico. Igama labo balisebenzisa kumsindo wesici abasikhiphayo ukuxhumana, ulusizo kakhulu lapho besengozini. Ungowomndeni omncane I-Alouattinae, njalo ngaphakathi komndeni ateidae. Ngobuso obufushane nekhala elibuyisiwe, inkawu ye-howler ingafinyelela ku-92 cm ubude futhi inomsila wezinyathelo ezifanayo. Singahlukanisa inani eliphelele lezinhlobo eziyi-13.
• Wena izinkawu zesicabucabu banegama ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwesithupha esiphikisayo ezingalweni zabo ezingaphezulu nezingezansi. Atholakala ukusuka eMexico kuya eSouth America futhi angalingana aze afike ku-90 cm, anomsila osayizi ofanayo. Luhlobo olunezinhlobo eziwu-7 sezizonke.
• Wena muriquis zingatholakala eBrazil, ngombala ompunga noma onsundu, ngokuqhathaniswa ngokuphelele nomnyama wenkawu ejwayelekile yesicabucabu. Luhlobo lweplatyrrino ngobukhulu, olunezinhlobo ezi-2.
• Wena mthoko . Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezine zezinkawu.
• O oreonax flavicauda kuwukuphela kohlobo lwegciwane Oreonax, kugcwele ePeru. Isimo saso samanje asithembisi njengoba sibhekwa njengesiSengozini Esohlokweni, isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kokuba lolu hlobo lwezilwane luthathwe njengokushabalala endle, futhi kunezigaba ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba siphele nya. Zingalingana zifike ku-54 cm, nomsila mude ukudlula umzimba wazo. Kokubili i-oreonax flavicauda, ​​inkawu ene-potbellied, i-muriqui nenkawu yesicabucabu zingabomndeni omncane ntombikayise nomndeni Atelidae.

Isithombe semfene ehewulayo siyavela esithombeni:

izinkawu zomhlaba ezindala

Wena AmaCercopithecines ngegama labo lesayense, elaziwa nangokuthi izinkawu zomhlaba ezindala, bangabakwa-parvordem ICatarrhini nakubantu abakhulu kakhulu I-Cercopithecoid. Ungumndeni oqukethe izizukulwane ezingama-21 kanye nezinhlobo eziyi-139 zezinkawu. Lezi zilwane zihlala e-Afrika nase-Asia, ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene nasezindaweni eziguquguqukayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• O erythrocebus uhlobo lwe-primate oluvela eMpumalanga ye-Afrika, bahlala ema-savanna nasezindaweni ezingama-semi-desert. Zingaba ngu-85 cm bese zinomsila omfushane oyi-10 cm. Ingenye yezinkawu ezisheshayo, ingafinyelela kuma-55 km / h.
• Wena inkawu zitholakala e-Afrika, eChina, eGibraltar naseJapan Lezi zinkawu zinomsila omncane othuthukile noma zingenasizathu. Izinhlobo ezingama-22 seziphelele zivela kulolu hlobo.
• Wena izimfene yizilwane zomhlaba eziqabukela zigibela izihlahla, zikhetha izindawo ezivulekile. Lezi zinwele ezine ziyizinkawu ezinkulu emhlabeni wakudala, zinekhanda elide, elizacile nomhlathi onama-canine anamandla. Kulolu hlobo, izinhlobo ezi-5 ezahlukahlukene ziyahlukaniswa.
• O inkawu ye-proboscis iyisidleke se-primate esiqhingini saseBormeo, okuyisici sokuba nekhala elide elibizwa ngegama laso. Ziyizilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, siyazi ukuthi namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingama-7000 kuphela.

Esithombeni ungabona isithombe sika-Erythrocebus Patas: