Izinhlobo ZamaDinosaurs Asekhona - Izici, Amagama nezithombe

Umlobi: Peter Berry
Usuku Lokudalwa: 18 Ujulayi 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 14 Unovemba 2024
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izibankwakazi kukhona iqembu lezirhubuluzi lokho kwavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-230 edlule. Lezi zilwane ziye zahlukahluka kulo lonke elaseMesozoic, zaveza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu zama-dinosaurs, ezaqamba umhlaba wonke futhi zabusa umhlaba.

Njengomphumela walokhu kuhlukahluka, kwavela izilwane zabo bonke osayizi, ubujamo nemikhuba yokudla, ezihlala ezweni nasemoyeni. ufuna ukuhlangana nabo? Ngakho-ke ungaphuthelwa le ndatshana yePeritoAnimal mayelana izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezazikhona: izici, amagama nezithombe.

Izici zeDinosaur

I-superorder Dinosauria yiqembu lezilwane ezi-sauropsid ezavela ngesikhathi seCretaceous, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-230-240 edlule. Kamuva baba yi izilwane zomhlaba ezihamba phambili weMesozoic. Lezi ezinye zezimpawu zama-dinosaurs:


  • intela: ama-dinosaurs angama-vertebrate eqembu leSauropsida, njengazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni. Ngaphakathi kweqembu, bahlukaniswa njengama-diapsids, ngoba anezikhala ezimbili zesikhashana kugebhezi, ngokungafani nezimfudu (anapsids). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingama-archosaurs, njengezingwenya zanamuhla nama-pterosaurs.
  • Usayizi: ubukhulu bama-dinosaurs buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-15, esimweni sama-theropods amaningi, kuya kumamitha angama-50 ubude, esimweni sezinambuzane ezinkulu.
  • I-Anatomy: ukwakheka kwe-pelvic kwalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo kuzivumele ukuthi zihambe ziqonde, umzimba wonke usekwe yimilenze enamandla kakhulu ngaphansi komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona komsila osindayo kwakuthanda kakhulu ibhalansi futhi, kwezinye izimo, kwavumela i-bipedalism.
  • Umzimba: izibankwakazi eziningi ezazikhona zazingaba nesifo semetabolism ephezulu kanye ne-endothermia (igazi elifudumele), njengezinyoni. Abanye, noma kunjalo, babezosondela ezihuquzelayo zesimanje futhi babe ne-ectothermia (igazi elibandayo).
  • ukukhiqiza kabusha: kwakuyizilwane ezi-oviparous futhi zakha izidleke lapho zazinakekela khona amaqanda azo.
  • ukuziphatha komphakathi: okunye okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ama-dinosaurs amaningi akha imihlambi futhi anakekela inzalo yawo wonke umuntu. Ezinye, noma kunjalo, bekungaba yizilwane ezihlala zodwa.

Ukudla kweDinosaur

Zonke izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezikhona kukholakala ukuthi zavela izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezidliwayo. Okungukuthi, ama-dinosaurs akudala kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi adla inyama. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kangaka, kwakukhona ama-dinosaurs nazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla: i-generalist herbivores, izinambuzane, ama-piscivores, ama-frugivores, ama-folivores ...


Njengoba sizobona manje, kuma-ornithischians nakwa-saurischians kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi zama-dinosaurs ayingozi. Kodwa-ke, iningi labadla inyama lalingeleqembu le-saurisch.

Izinhlobo ZamaDinosaurs Asekhona

Ngo-1887, uHarry Seeley wanquma ukuthi ama-dinosaurs angahlukaniswa amaqembu amabili amakhulu, eziqhubeka nokusetshenziswa namuhla, yize kusekhona ukungabaza ngokuthi ngabe zinembe kakhulu yini. Ngokusho kwale paleontologist, lezi yizinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezazikhona:

  • Ama-Ornithischians (I-Ornithischia): Zaziwa ngokuthi ama-dinosaurs ezinyoni-hip ngoba isakhiwo sazo sangasese sasinamaqhuqhuva ngokuma. Lesi sici singenxa ye-pubis yayo egxile esifundeni sangemuva somzimba. Wonke ama-ornithischians aqothulwa ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa okukhulu kwesithathu.
  • AmaSaurischians (ISaurischia): kukhona izibankwakazi ezinokhalweni lwesibankwa. I-pubis yakhe, ngokungafani necala langaphambilini, yayigxile esifundeni se-cranial, ngoba i-pelvis yayo yayinokuma okungunxantathu. Amanye ama-saurichians asinda ekuqothulweni okukhulu kwesithathu: okhokho bezinyoni, namuhla ezibhekwa njengengxenye yeqembu le-dinosaur.

Izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ama-ornithischian

Ama-dinosaurs ama-ornithischian ayengama-herbivores wonke futhi singawahlukanisa ama-suborder amabili: i-thyrophores neornithyschia.


Ama-dinosaurs ase-Thyrophore

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezikhona, amalungu e-suborder Thyreophora kungenzeka okungaziwa kakhulu. Leli qembu lifaka phakathi ama-bipedal (amadala kakhulu) nama-dinosaurs ama-herbivorous herbivorous. Ngosayizi abahlukahlukene, isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwe- izikhali zethambo phakathiemuva, ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemihlobiso, njengameva noma amapuleti amathambo.

Izibonelo ze-Thyrophores

  • I-Chialingosaurus: babengama-dinosaurs amade amamitha amane embozwe amapuleti amathambo nameva.
  • I-Ankylosaurus: Le dinosaur yezikhali yayilinganisa cishe amamitha ayisithupha ubude futhi yayineklabhu emsileni wayo.
  • I-Scelidosaurus: ama-dinosaurs anekhanda elincane, umsila omude kakhulu nomhlane ombozwe izihlangu zamathambo.

Izibankwakazi Neornithischian

I-suborder Neornithischia yiqembu lama-dinosaurs elaziwa ngokuba nalo amazinyo abukhali anama-enamel aminyene, okusikisela ukuthi babekhethekile ekuphakeleni izitshalo ezinzima.

Kodwa-ke, leli qembu lehluke kakhulu futhi lifaka izinhlobo eziningi zama-dinosaurs ezikhona. Ngakho-ke, ake sigxile ekukhulumeni okuthile ngezinye izinhlobo ezimele kakhulu.

izibonelo zama-neornithischians

  • Iguanodon: ngummeli owaziwa kakhulu we-infraorder Ornithopoda. I-dinosaur enamandla kakhulu enemilenze eqinile nomhlathi onamandla ohlafunwayo. Lezi zilwane zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10, yize amanye ama-ornithopods ayemancane kakhulu (1.5 amamitha).
  • I-Pachycephalosaurus: njengamanye amalungu e-infraorder Pachycephalosauria, le dinosaur yayine-dome cranial. Kukholelwa ukuthi bebengayisebenzisa ukuhlasela abanye abantu bohlobo olufanayo, njengoba kwenza izinkabi ze-musk namuhla.
  • AmaTriceratops: lolu hlobo lohlobo lwe-infraorder Ceratopsia lwalunendawo yesikhulumi se-cranial yangemuva nezimpondo ezintathu ebusweni. Kwakungamadinosaurs angama-quadrupedal, ngokungafani namanye ama-ceratopsids, ayemancane futhi ene-bipedal.

Izinhlobo zama-saurisch dinosaurs

Ama-saurischians afaka konke izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezidla inyama neminye imifino edla utshani. Phakathi kwabo, sithola amaqembu alandelayo: ama-theropods nama-sauropodomorphs.

I-Theropod dinosaurs

Ama-Theropods (i-suborder Theropoda) yiwo izibankwakazi ezibhibhile. Abasendulo kakhulu kwakungabantu abadla inyama nezilwane ezidla ezinye, njengabadumile I-Velociraptor. Kamuva, zahlukahluka, zadala ukhula nezinambuzane.

Lezi zilwane zazibonakala ngokuba nazo kuphela iminwe emithathu esebenzayo ekugcineni ngakunye namathambo womoya noma awomgodi. Ngenxa yalokhu, babeyizilwane beshesha kakhulu, kanti abanye bathola ikhono lokundiza.

I-Theropod dinosaurs yaveza zonke izinhlobo zama-dinosaurs ezindizayo. Abanye babo basinda ekuqothulweni okukhulu komngcele weCretaceous / Tertiary; yibo okhokho bezinyoni. Kulezi zinsuku, kubhekwa ukuthi amathrophu abengasekho, kodwa ukuthi izinyoni ziyingxenye yaleli qembu lama-dinosaurs.

Izibonelo zama-theropods

Ezinye izibonelo zama-dinosaurs we-theropod yilezi:

  • I-Tyrannosaurus: babeyisidlakela esikhulu amamitha ayi-12 ubude, saziwa kakhulu kusikrini esikhulu.
  • I-Velociraptor: Lesi sidlo esidla inyama esidle ngamamitha ayi-1.8 sasinezinzipho ezinkulu.
  • IGigantoraptor: iyi-dinosaur enezimpaphe kodwa engakwaziyo ukukala cishe amamitha ayi-8.
  • I-Archeopteryx: ingenye yezinyoni ezindala kakhulu ezaziwayo. Yayinamazinyo futhi yayingadluli kwengxenye yemitha ubude.

izibankwakazi ze-sauropodomorph

I-suborder Sauropodomorpha yiqembu le- izibankwakazi ezinkulu ezidla utshani ama-quadrupeed anemisila nezintamo ezinde kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, okwakudala kakhulu kwakuyizinyamazane ezidla inyama, ezine-bipedal nezincane kunomuntu.

Ngaphakathi kwama-sauropodomorphs, aphakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu zasemhlabeni ezake zaba khona, ezinabantu kuze kufike kumamitha angama-32 ubude. Ezincane zazingabagijimi abanobuhlakani, okubavumela ukuba babalekele izilwane eziyingozi. Emikhulu yona yayakha imihlambi lapho abadala bevikela khona abasha. Futhi, babenemisila emikhulu ababengayisebenzisa njengesiswebhu.

Izibonelo zama-sauropodomorphs

  • ISaturnalia: wayengomunye wamalungu okuqala aleli qembu, futhi elinganiswa ngaphansi kwengxenye yemitha ubude.
  • apatosaurus: le dinosaur enentamo ende yayinobude obufinyelela kumamitha angama-22, futhi inguhlobo lapho uLittlefoot kungokwakhe, umlingiswa ophambili wefilimu. isigodi esihle (noma umhlaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
  • I-Diplodocus: uhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu lwama-dinosaurs, olunabantu abafinyelela kumamitha angama-32 ubude.

Ezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulu zeMesozoic

Amaqembu amaningi ezihuquzelayo ahlangana nama-dinosaurs ngesikhathi seMesozoic avame ukudideka nama-dinosaurs. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwehluka kwe-anatomical ne-taxonomic, asikwazi ukukufaka ezinhlotsheni ze-dinosaur ezikhona. La maqembu alandelayo ezinwabuzelayo yilawa:

  • pterosaurs: kwakuyizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu ezindizayo zeMesozoic. Babengabakwa-dinosaurs nezingwenya, beqembu lama-archosaurs.
  • Ama-Plesiosaurs nama-Ichthyosaurs: kwakuyiqembu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle. Zaziwa njengenye yezinhlobo zama-dinosaurs asolwandle, kepha yize ziyi-diapsid, azihlobene nama-dinosaurs.
  • Ama-Mesosaurs: nazo zingama-diapsids, kodwa zingaphansi kwe-superorder Lepidosauria, njengezibankwa nezinyoka zanamuhla. Zaziwa nangokuthi "izibankwakazi" zasolwandle.
  • I-Pelicosaurus: kwakuyiqembu lama-synapsids asondele ezilwaneni ezincelisayo kunezilwane ezihuquzelayo.

Uma ufuna ukufunda izindatshana eziningi ezifana ne- Izinhlobo ZamaDinosaurs Asekhona - Izici, Amagama nezithombe, sincoma ukuthi ufake isigaba sethu se-Curiosities somhlaba wezilwane.